经济海藻羊栖菜（Sargassum fusiforme）幼体对镉胁迫的响应特性     

张甜甜  洪旻姮  吴明江  陈斌斌  马增岭 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):147-154

镉(Cd)是水生生态环境中常见的重金属污染物,通常会抑制植物的生长,减少生物量,对植物产生毒害作用。为了研究羊栖菜幼苗对海水中Cd胁迫的抗氧化响应特性,我们在天然海水和Cd加富(100 μmol·L^-1)海水两种不同的Cd浓度下培养羊栖菜幼体。实验结果表明:Cd加富胁迫显著抑制了羊栖菜幼苗生长,使藻体颜色变暗。此外,高Cd处理显著降低了羊栖菜中的色素含量,生长速率,过氧化物酶(POD)活性,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。相反,高Cd处理显著促进了藻体内的Cd元素积累、对Cd₂⁺吸收速率,并增加了其暗呼吸/净光合速率比值(R_d/P_n),抗坏血酸(Vc)含量,可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量,且还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及羊栖菜的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著增加,但对丙二醛(MDA)的影响不显著。虽然羊栖菜幼苗增加了其抗氧化活性并促进AsA-GSH循环,以产生H₂O₂并维持健康的新陈代谢,但高Cd胁迫显著限制了幼苗的光合作用,降低了其光合色素,抑制了其生长,并使其藻体颜色发生变化。海水中高浓度的Cd对羊栖菜幼苗具有毒性作用,并且极大地增加了这种海藻的食用风险。  相似文献   

Influence of non-photosynthetic pigments on light absorption and quantum yield of photosynthesis in the western equatorial Pacific and the Subarctic North Pacific     

Anil Kumar Vijayan  Takashi Yoshikawa  Shigeki Watanabe  Hiroaki Sasaki  Kazuhiko Matsumoto  Sei-Ichi Saito  Shigenobu Takeda  Ken Furuya 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(2):245-258

Regional variations in the contribution of non-photosynthetic pigments (ā _np^*) to the total light absorption of phytoplankton (ā _ph^*) and its influence on the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (φ _m) were investigated. In the western equatorial Pacific, the surface ā _np^* : ā _ph^* ratio was higher in the western warm pool than that in the upwelling region. This difference appears to be attributable to severe nitrate depletion and higher percentage of prokaryotes, which can accumulate very high concentrations of zeaxanthin in the western warm pool. In the subarctic North Pacific, the ā _np^* : ā _ph^* ratio was expected to be higher in the Alaskan Gyre where the thermocline is sharper and iron limitation may possibly be more severe than in the Western Subarctic Gyre. However, the ratio was actually higher in the Western Subarctic Gyre, contradictory to our expectations. This east-west variation appears to be attributable to changes in the taxonomic composition; cyanobacteria were more abundant in the Western Subarctic Gyre. The values of ā _np^* : ā _ph^* and its vertical variations were relatively small in the subarctic North Pacific compared to those in the western equatorial Pacific. These inter-regional variations appear to be attributable to the lower solar radiation intensity, smaller percentage of cyanobacteria, and relatively strong vertical mixing in the subarctic North Pacific. The spatial variations in ā _np^* : ā _ph^* significantly influence φ _m. In comparison with φ _m based on the total light absorption (φ _{m ph}), the values corrected for the contribution of non-photosynthetic pigments (φ _{m ps}) showed an increase in both the western equatorial Pacific and the subarctic North Pacific.  相似文献   

阳光紫外辐射对羊栖菜人工幼苗生长和光合电子传递速率的影响     

赵越剑  吴红艳  邹定辉  高坤山 《海洋通报》2009,28(6)

为探讨经济褐藻羊栖菜人工幼苗对阳光紫外辐射变化的响应,在全波段阳光辐射省(PAB,280～700nm)、去除UV-B辐射(PA,320～700nm)和光合有效辐射PAR(P,400～700nm)三种辐射处理及不同辐射水平下培养羊栖菜幼苗,并测定了其生长与光合作用的变化。结果表明,无论在紫外辐射(UVR)存在情况下(PA,PAB)还是滤除UVR(PAR)时,高辐射水平条件下(55%),羊栖菜幼苗都具有较高的生长速率,而低辐射水平下羊栖菜的生长速率较低。在不同辐射处理之间,随着辐射水平的增高,UVR的抑制效应逐渐突显。UVR降低羊栖菜幼苗的光合电子传递速率。  相似文献   

台湾海峡西部海域水体中的二氧化碳体系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

郭水伙 《台湾海峡》1994,13(3):219-229

据１９８４年５月至１９８５年２月的调查资料，计算了该水体中二氧化碳体系各要素的统计值，着重研究了它们的季节变化及其与水文，化学和生物因子的关系。结果表明该水体中ＰＣＯ２，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＣＯ＾２＾－３，ＨＣＯ３，∑ＣＯ２，ＣＯ＾２＾－３／∑ＣＯ２，ＨＣＯ３／∑ＣＯ２，ＨＣＯ２，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＣＯ＾２＾－３，∑ＣＯ２／Ｃｌ，Ωｃ，Ωａ和Ｃ：Ｎ：Ｐ平均值依次分别为２５１ｄＰａ，８．４３μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ×３  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of the CO2 and water vapor responses of two Spartina species from Georgia coastal marshes     

John R. Giurgevich  E. Lloyd Dunn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,12(5):561-568

  相似文献   

不同地下水埋深下骆驼刺幼苗叶片生理参数光响应特性   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张晓蕾  曾凡江  刘波  张慧  刘镇  安桂香 《干旱区地理》2011,34(2):229-235

为探讨地下水位变化对骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)幼苗生长发育的影响,2008年9月在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲外围,利用Li-6400光合作用仪测定了人工控制1,1.5,2.0,2.5 m地下水埋深下骆驼刺幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn),蒸腾速率(Tr),水分利用效率(WUE)等生理参数对有效光辐...  相似文献   

Treating ballast water with hydroxyl radical on introduced organisms   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张芝涛  白敏菂肖宇 白敏冬杨波  白希尧 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(2):161-167

1 INTRODUCTION The introduction of invasive marine species into new environments by ship’s ballast water, by attaching to ships’ hulls or via other vectors has been recognized as one of the four major threats to the world’s oceans by Global Environment…  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration and decreased CO2 emission caused by terrestrial aquatic photosynthesis: Insights from diel hydrochemical variations in an epikarst spring and two spring-fed ponds in different seasons     

《Applied Geochemistry》2015

Whether carbonate weathering could produce a stable carbon sink depends primarily on the utilization of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by aquatic phototrophs (the so-called Biological Carbon Pump-BCP effect). On this basis, water temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were synchronously monitored at 15-min resolution for one and two days respectively in January and October 2013 in Maolan Spring and the spring-fed midstream and downstream ponds in Maolan Nature Reserve, China. A thermodynamic model was used to link the continuous data to allow calculation of CO₂ partial pressures (pCO₂) and calcite saturation indexes (SI_C). A floating static chamber was placed on the water surface successively at all sites to quantify CO₂ exchange flux between atmosphere and water so as to evaluate the BCP effect. Results show that, in both winter and autumn, remarkable diel variations of hydrochemical parameters were present in the midstream pond where DO, pH, and SI_C increased in the day and decreased during the night while EC, $\left[{{\text{HCO}}_3}^{-}\right]$, [Ca²⁺] and pCO₂ showed inverse changes mainly due to the metabolic processes of the flourishing submerged plants, with photosynthesis dominating in the day and respiration dominating at night. However, hydrochemical parameters in the spring and downstream pond show less change since few submerged plants developed there. It was determined that the BCP effect in the midstream pond was 285 ± 193 t C km⁻² a⁻¹ in winter and 892 ± 300 t C km⁻² a⁻¹ in autumn, indicating a potential significant role of terrestrial aquatic photosynthesis in stabilizing the carbonate weathering-related carbon sink.  相似文献   

Land use effects on habitat,water quality,periphyton, and benthic invertebrates in Waikato,New Zealand,hill‐country streams   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

John M. Quinn  A. Bryce Cooper  Robert J. Davies‐Colley  J. Christopher Rutherford  R. Bruce Williamson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):579-597

Water quality, habitat, and biota were compared during spring amongst c. 100 m reaches on 11 streams draining pasture, native (podocarp‐broadleaf) forest, and exotic pine forest established on pasture 15 years previously. Differences were greatest between the pasture and native forest streams. Only 1–3% of incident light reached native and pine forest streams whereas 30% reached pasture streams. Pasture streams had 2.2°C higher mean temperature than the native streams, and 5‐fold higher nitrate, 30‐fold higher algal biomass, and 11‐fold higher gross photosynthesis. Native streams were 60% wider than pasture, with pine streams intermediate. Pine and pasture streams had 3‐fold higher suspended solids and fine sediment stored in the streambed than native streams. Woody debris volume was 17‐fold greater in pine than pasture streams, with native streams intermediate. Invertebrate taxa richness did not differ between land uses. Community composition differed most between pasture and native forest, with pine forest streams intermediate. Invertebrate densities were 3‐fold higher in pasture than native streams, mainly because of more chironomids and snails, but mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies densities were 2–3‐fold higher in forest streams than pasture.  相似文献   

Contribution of photosynthetic gains during tidal emersion to production of Zostera capricorni in a North Island,New Zealand estuary     

Anne‐Maree Schwarz 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):809-818

Photosynthetic characteristics of intertidal Zostera capricorni were measured under different tidal conditions in Whangapoua Harbour on the eastern Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, and compared with permanently submerged seagrass beds. Photosynthetic characteristics were measured using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorom‐etry and oxygen (O2) electrode techniques. Gross light saturated photosynthesis measured as oxygen exchange averaged 5.74 and 5.36 mg O₂ g^–1 dry weight (DW) h^–1 and leaf respiration rates averaged 1.22 and 1.38 mg O₂ g^–1 DW h^–1, for intertidal and subtidal plants respectively. Photosynthesis of both intertidal and shallow subtidal plants was light saturated at between 195 and 242 μmol photons m ^–2 s^–1, suggestive of acclimation to a high light environment. Despite the period of exposure at low tide clearly being an important time for photosynthetic gains for intertidal plants, when water clarity was sufficiently high, maximum rates of photosynthesis were also possible when the beds were submerged. If average water clarity was at the clearer end of a range measured for this site (K_d = 0.85 m^–1) then it was calculated that for intertidal seagrass beds growing at mean sea level in Whangapoua, c. 50% of above‐ground production could occur while plants were submerged.  相似文献