区间系统与区间优化模型——理论与应用     

李炜  黄金花 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(1):23-33

区间系统与区间优化模型是一种应用广泛的描述不确定性问题的数学模型.本文综述区间系统与区间优化模型在理论与应用方面的研究进展.特别地,本文将介绍区间线性系统的解和可解性问题、区间线性优化模型的最优解和最优性问题以及区间二次优化模型的最优解和最优性问题,最后简单概述它们的各种应用实例.  相似文献   

西安市城市景观的正负生态系统服务测算及空间格局   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李梦桃  周忠学 《地理学报》2016,71(7):1215-1230

综合测评城市景观的复合（正负）生态系统服务功能和评价不同城市景观类型的生态系统服务贡献,对优化、调控在城市化影响下的景观转换和城市生态环境建设等具有重要的科学意义。运用景观生态学理论与生态系统服务理论,基于研究区的TM遥感影像和Erdas、ArcGIS 10.1软件对西安市建成区2013年城市景观的复合生态系统服务进行测算和空间分析。结果表明：① 西安城市景观产生的负向生态系统服务价值远高于正向生态系统服务价值,净生态系统服务达-12.71×10⁸元;在城市化过程中,随着自然景观向半人工景观、人工景观的转变,导致景观生态系统服务的价值急剧下降,负向生态系统服务占主导,87.81%的土地复合生态系统服务为负值,仅有12.19%的土地复合生态系统服务为正值,以建筑用地为主体的城市景观体系必然会导致生态系统服务的下降。② 西安市城市景观的总正向生态系统服务空间分布差异明显,整体呈现为研究区中心值低于四周,沿行道绿地、公园绿地等景观形成格网状、斑块状分布的高值区;总负向生态系统服务整体上呈现中心值高于四周,高值区较集聚,自然景观和半人工景观是维系城市正向生态系统服务的主要景观类型。③ 城市景观的空间分布基本上决定了复合生态系统服务的空间大格局,西安市各城市景观类型的空间组合与镶嵌状况,使得生态系统服务正负值呈斑块状、棋盘状交错分布的格局。愈向城市外围,复合生态系统服务价值越高;城中林地、绿地和水域分布的地方是复合生态系统服务价值网状高值区。  相似文献   

利用目标类样本的遥感分类策略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙飞  徐世武  张岩 《测绘科学》2016,41(2):133-139

针对传统遥感分类要求训练集涵盖所有表观地物及亚类,对样本选取要求颇高,而实际应用中并不能保证所有类别都被标记的问题,该文提出基于目标类样本的遥感循环分类策略。该方法仅输入少量目标类样本,采用正样本、未标记样本的分类算法,实现在较少样本数量和种类的条件下,对目标类稳定、高效地识别。利用10组航空影像数据,建立与传统遥感分类对比实验,结果表明:相同实验条件下,基于目标类样本的遥感分类策略与传统遥感分类具有相当的分类效果;当样本集不完全时,该策略具有更稳定的高精度识别,总体精度与Kappa系数平均分别有5.2%和7.2%的提高。该方法能够有效解决不完全训练集分类问题。  相似文献   

典型强龙卷风暴中的地闪活动特征     

刘岩  徐芬  郑媛媛  张蕾  杨美荣  慕熙昱  梅海霞 《热带气象学报》2022,38(3):353-365

闪电活动对于强龙卷天气的发生有一定的指示作用,基于闪电定位资料,结合多普勒天气雷达、探空和ECMWF再分析资料对两次典型强龙卷风暴中地闪的时空演变、雷电流强度及正地闪活动特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:地闪主要发生在组合反射率因子≥30 dBZ的区域内,龙卷发生期间,地闪活动减弱且较为分散。不同龙卷风暴的地闪频次差异较大,这与风暴中上升气流的强度有关;当地闪频次从峰值降至最小值期间,龙卷及地,两次过程中地闪频次峰值分别提前龙卷发生约33 min和28 min。同时,龙卷及地之前,地闪会出现连续多次闪电跃增;龙卷等级越强,正地闪表现越活跃,特征越明显,在江苏盐城阜宁龙卷发生期间,还出现了地闪极性从正地闪主导向负地闪主导的反转;两次龙卷风暴雷电流强度随时间的变化规律并不明显,但均小于历史平均值,地闪发生愈频繁的龙卷风暴,对应的雷电流强度值愈小。   相似文献   

Urban greenspace as a climate change adaptation strategy for subtropical Asian cities: A comparative study across cities in three countries     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Interest in nature-based approaches for climate change adaptation in cities is growing. Whilst there is a growing field of scholarship in a European and North America setting, research on the policy and governance of urban greenspace for climate adaptation in subtropical Asia is limited. Given the different development patterns, environmental characteristics and governance arrangements in subtropical cities, plus their comparatively large population and high climate risk, this is a significant knowledge gap. In response, this paper evaluates competences – skill sets, capabilities, and supporting policy and legislation – to enact adaptation through greenspace across different governance contexts; and assesses how international rhetoric on nature-based adaptation becomes localised to subtropical Asian city settings. We conduct interviews with stakeholders, plus review of relevant policy and city-specific research, for three cities with different governance and development contexts: Hanoi (Vietnam); Taipei (Taiwan); and Fukuoka (Japan). Across all three cases, we find that institutional structures and processes for connecting different remits and knowledge systems are a bigger challenge than a lack of appropriate policy or individuals with the required technical knowledge. However, opportunities for civil society participation and consideration of justice issues vary between the cities according to the socio-political context. These findings illustrate the value of individuals and organisations able to work across institutional boundaries in linking greenspace and adaptation agendas for subtropical Asian cities; and the importance of competence in collaboration with developers and civil society so that the rapid development or regeneration seen in subtropical Asian contexts does not tend towards green climate gentrification. More broadly, our findings show that the diverse nature of subtropical Asian cities means the role of greenspace in climate adaptation is likely to be context-specific, and thus that caution must be exercised against uncritically importing best practices from exemplar cases elsewhere.  相似文献   

正循环潜孔锤实现反循环钻进双壁钻具配套研制          下载免费PDF全文

李艳丽  王振志  李晓晖  程林  满国祥  孔令沪  王克虎  杨宏伟 《探矿工程》2018,45(2):52-55

空气潜孔锤反循环钻进因其具有较强的携屑能力、上返冲洗液不冲刷孔壁、钻进速度快等优势,是施工大口径钻孔和抢险救援孔的首选方案。但由于反循环潜孔锤技术还不够成熟,制造成本高,使用寿命短,因此开展了用正循环潜孔锤实现反循环钻进工艺方法的研究。研制了这种工艺配套的钻具,包括大口径双壁钻杆、双壁稳定器、阻风环、正反接头等。研制的钻具在山东平邑石膏矿坍塌事故处理中得到了实践验证,完全能够达到预期目标,能够为大口径潜孔锤反循环钻进工艺推广提供硬件支撑。  相似文献   

Geology and Isotope Geochemistry of the Dongzhongla Pb–Zn Deposit in Tibet: Implications for the Origin of the Ore‐Forming Fluids and Storage Condition of Certain Metals     

《Resource Geology》2018,68(3):227-243

As a newly discovered medium‐sized deposit (proven Pb + Zn resources of 0.23 Mt, 9.43% Pb and 8.73% Zn), the Dongzhongla skarn Pb–Zn deposit is located in the northern margin of the eastern Gangdese, central Lhasa block. Based on the geological conditions in this deposit of ore‐forming fluids, H, O, C, S, Pb, Sr, and noble gas isotopic compositions were analyzed. Results show that δ¹⁸O_SMOW of quartz and calcite ranged from −9.85 to 4.17‰, and δD_SMOW ranged from −124.7 to −99.6‰ (where SMOW is the standard mean ocean water), indicating magma fluids mixed with meteoric water in ore‐forming fluids. The δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values of calcite range from −1.4 to −1.1‰ and from 5.3 to 15.90‰, respectively, show compositions consistent with the carbonate limestone in the surrounding rocks, implying that the carbon was primarily sourced from the dissolution of carbonate strata in the Luobadui Formation. The ore δ³⁴S composition varied in a narrow range of 2.8 to 5.7‰, mostly between 4‰ and 5‰. The total sulfur isotopic value δ³⁴S was 4.7‰ with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The ³He/⁴He values of pyrite and galena ranged from 0.101 to 5.7 Ra, lower than those of mantle‐derived fluids (6 ± 1 Ra), but higher than those of the crust (0.01–0.05 Ra), and therefore classified as a crust–mantle mixed source. The Pb isotopic composition for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of the ores were in the ranges of 18.628–18.746, 15.698–15.802, and 39.077–39.430, respectively, consistent with the Pb isotopic composition of magmatic rocks in the deposit, classified as upper‐crust lead. The ore lead was likely sourced partially from the crustal basement of the Lhasa Terrane. The initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i value from five sulfide samples ranged from 0.71732 to 0.72767, and associated ore‐forming fluids were mainly sourced from the partial melting of the upper‐crust materials. Pb isotopic compositions of ore sulfides from the Dongzhongla deposit are similar to that of the Yuiguila and Mengya'a deposit, indicating that they have similar sources of metal‐rich ore‐forming solution. According to basic skarn mineralogy, the economic metals, and the origin of the ore‐forming fluids, the Dongzhongla deposit was classified as a skarn‐type Pb–Zn deposit.  相似文献   

Nonlinear response of laterally loaded piles and pile groups     

Wei Dong Guo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(7):879-914

In spite of extensive studies on laterally loaded piles carried out over years, none of them offers an expedite approach as to gaining the nonlinear response and its associated depth of mobilization of limiting force along each pile in a group. To serve such a need, elastic–plastic solutions for free‐head, laterally loaded piles were developed recently by the author. They allow the response to be readily computed from elastic state right up to failure, by assigning a series of slip depths, and a limiting force profile. In this paper, equivalent solutions for fixed‐head (FixH) single piles were developed. They are subsequently extended to cater for response of pile groups by incorporating p‐multipliers. The newly established solutions were substantiated by existing numerical solutions for piles and pile groups. They offer satisfactory prediction of the nonlinear response of all the 6 single piles and 24 pile groups investigated so far after properly considering the impact of semi‐FixH restraints. They also offer the extent to ultimate state of pile groups via the evaluated slip depths. The study allows ad hoc guidelines to be established for determining input parameters for the solutions. The solutions are tailored for routine prediction of the nonlinear interaction of laterally loaded FixH piles and capped pile groups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

非线性四阶边值问题的正解     

孔令彬  郑慧军 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(3):115-118,12

利用锥不动点指数研究一类四阶非线性边值问题,证明了正解的存在性.  相似文献   

How far have management practices come in ‘working with the river’?     

Kirstie Fryirs  Gary Brierley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(15):3004-3010

The philosophy of ‘working with nature’ and ‘working with the river’ is increasingly embedded in global management practice. However, what does this mean? Has real progress been made in operationalizing what is known, how scientists and practitioners work and how rivers are conceptualized as integral parts of landscapes, culture and society? The first sections of this commentary outline what this philosophy means to us (the authors) and briefly summarize the evolution of associated concepts and principles in recent decades. In the final section, we comment on what we believe needs to be done to ‘work with the river’ in practice. We are communicating to both river scientists and practitioners as a collective when we ask: Will we be brave enough to hold the course in the face of many global challenges, be ready to respond when called upon, and commit to creation of diverse, inclusive and open access communities of practice in geoethical programmes that ‘work with the river’?  相似文献