世界政治新形势下的中国经济安全观     

徐忠  娄昭 《世界地理研究》2004,13(3):25-29,49

当前，世界政治形势处于动荡催生调整，调整蕴含机遇，在单极与多极矛盾的碰撞与互动中，正在形成某种更有效的机制，培育更为成熟、理性竞争的意识，促使各主要大国为世界的持久和平与繁荣共同担负起应有的责任。因此，国家经济安全是世界各国都普遍关注的战略问题。本文首先总结了就当今世界政治发展的四个特点，并在分析国际形势新变化对中国经济安全影响的基础上，提出了维护我国经济安全的六点思考。  相似文献   

以色列解决水资源短缺对我国西北地区水资源开发的启示     

王传惠  杨兴礼  龙明锋 《世界地理研究》2004,13(3):89-96

以色列解决水资源问题的经验对新时期中国经济社会可持续发展有着现实的借鉴意义。本文分析了以色列的水资源问题及解决措施，结合我国西北地区的实际情况提出了对西北水资源开发的建议和设想。  相似文献   

基于全球一体化的中原城市群城市竞争力研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

罗亚  徐建华  岳文泽 《世界地理研究》2004,13(4):17-24

全球化背景下，城市群主导世界经济的趋势不可阻挡，关于城市群的研究随之也越来越受到人们的重视。近几年，中原城市群悄悄崛起，但只是一个雏形，还存在很多问题。为了更好的促进中原城市群的发育，特别是加强城市群内部各城市发挥特长、合理分工、优势互补，进而提升中原地区区域经济的发展水平，文章选用了九大类44项城市竞争力指标，建立了城市竞争力的指标体系，从定量的角度对中原城市群的城市竞争力进行了排序、对比、分析，其城市竞争力排名依次是郑州、济源、洛阳、焦作、漯河、新乡、许昌、平顶山及开封。得到的结论如下：(1)首位城市竞争力强，但还没有发挥核心城市的作用。(2)工业型的城市经济实力竞争力强。(3)农业型城市的经济竞争力较弱。(4)产业竞争力和资金实力是影响城市综合竞争力的主要因子。(5)个别城市的单项指标存在异常点，显现出其优劣势。最后根据分析结果，笔者提出了四点优化对策，为城市群中的城市定位、产业分工、资源优化配置及相应区域互动政策的制定提供决策依据。  相似文献   

中国农情遥感速报系统   总被引：49，自引：3，他引：49  

吴炳方 《遥感学报》2004,8(6):481-497

介绍了中国农情遥感速报系统的建设情况 ,系统内容包括农作物长势监测、农作物种植面积监测、农作物单产预测与粮食产量估算、作物时空结构监测和粮食供需平衡预警等。简要介绍了 1998年以来中国农情遥感速报系统在监测内容与监测范围、监测频率、技术发展以及质量控制与过程检验体系建立等方面的进展 ,并就中国农情遥感速报系统的发展方向提出了展望。  相似文献   

南方NGS200应用实践中的若干问题     

李玉宝 《四川测绘》2004,27(1):39-41

对南方NGS200在工程控制测量领域应用实践中的一些问题作了阐述，提出了一些见解和措施。  相似文献   

Recent progress of glaciological studies in China     

LIU Shiyin  WANG Ninglian  DUAN Keqin  XIAO Cunde  DING Yongjian  HAN Haidong 《地理学报》2004,14(4):401-410

Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km2 and 5601 km3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China, ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources. Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica.  相似文献   

Estimation of ocean primary productivity and its spatio-temporal variation mechanism for East China Sea based on VGPM model     

LI Guosheng  GAO Ping  WANG Fang  LIANG Qiang 《地理学报》2004,14(1):32-40

According to calculation results of ocean chlorophyll concentration based on SeaWiFS data by SeaBAM model and synchronous ship-measured data, this research set up an improved model for CaseⅠand CaseⅡwater bodies respectively. The monthly chlorophyll distribution in the East China Sea in 1998 was obtained from this improved model on calculation results of SeaBAM. The euphotic depth distribution in 1998 in the East China Sea is calculated by using remote sensing data of K490 from SeaWiFS according to the relation between the euphotic depth and the oceanic diffuse attenuation coefficient. With data of ocean chlorophyll concentration, euphotic depth, ocean surface photosynthetic available radiation (PAR), daily photoperiod and optimal rate of daily carbon fixation within a water column, the monthly and annual primary productivity spatio-temporal distributions in the East China Sea in 1998 were obtained based on VGPM model. Based on analysis of those distributions, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a clear bimodality character of primary productivity in the monthly distribution in the East China Sea. In detail, the monthly distribution of primary productivity stays the lowest level in winter and rises rapidly to the peak in spring. It gets down a little in summer, and gets up a little in autumn. The daily average of primary productivity in the whole East China Sea is 560.03 mg/m2/d, which is far higher than the average of subtropical ocean areas. The annual average of primary productivity is 236.95 g/m2/a. The research on the seasonal variety mechanism of primary productivity shows that several factors that affect the spatio-temporal distribution may include the chlorophyll concentration distribution, temperature condition, the Yangtze River diluted water variety, the euphotic depth, ocean current variety, etc. But the main influencing factors may be different in each local sea area.  相似文献   

The causes and environmental effects of land use conversion during agricultural restructuring in Northeast China     

LIU Yansui  GAN Hong  Jay GAO  DENG Xusheng 《地理学报》2004,14(4):488-494

During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact. Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990, 1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland, water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.  相似文献   

Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall: a case study in the wet and dry tropics of North East Australia     

A.K.L. Johnson 《The Australian geographer》2004,35(1):39-57

Rainfall regimes with strong spatial and temporal variation are characteristic of many coastal regions of north and eastern Australia. In coastal regions of north eastern Australia, regimes vary considerably over short distances. This occurs because of changes in local topography, including the height and orientation of mountain ranges and the direction of the coastline with respect to the prevailing moist south east air stream. Northern Australia experiences a tropical monsoon climate with rainfall occurring predominantly during the summer months. Areas with a closer proximity to the coast typically experience the heavier rainfalls. While networks of rainfall gauges have been established and continuous records are available for most of these stations from the 1890s, their low distribution density relative to the complexity of rainfall pattern they are required to represent means that there remains a poor understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in the wet tropics. An enhanced knowledge of rainfall distribution in both space and time has the potential to deliver significant economic and environmental benefits to managers of natural resources. This paper reports on the application of a technique for estimating mean annual and mean monthly rainfall across the Herbert River catchment of north east Australia's dry and wet tropics. The technique utilises thin plate smoothing splines to incorporate both location and elevation into estimates of rainfall distribution. We demonstrate that the method can be applied successfully at the meso scale and within the domain of routinely available data. As such, the method has broad relevance for decision making.  相似文献   

Water Quality Impacts of Climate and Land Use Changes in Southeastern Pennsylvania*     

Heejun Chang 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(2):240-257

This study investigates potential changes in nitrogen and phosphorus loads under a warmer and wetter climate, urban growth, and combined changes in the Conestoga River Basin and its five subbasins in southeastern Pennsylvania. A GIS‐based hydrochemical model was employed for assessing the sensitivity of the basins to the projected changes in 2030. Under the HadCM2 climate change scenario, mean annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads are expected to increase, with great increases in spring but slight decreases in fall primarily because of changes in monthly precipitation. When climate change and urbanization occur concurrently, mean annual nitrogen loads further increase by 50% in the most urbanizing subbasin. Point source nitrogen control could mitigate negative effects of climate and land use changes, reducing mean annual nitrogen loads to the contemporary baseline level.  相似文献