Sustainable development policies and measures: institutional issues and electrical efficiency in South Africa     

HARALD WINKLER  MARK HOWELLS  KEVIN BAUMERT 《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):212-229

An innovative approach is introduced for helping developing countries to make their development more sustainable, and also to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a co-benefit. Such an approach is proposed as part of the multilateral framework on climate change. The concept of sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs) is outlined, making clear that it is distinct from many other approaches in starting from development rather than explicit climate targets. The potential of SD-PAMs is illustrated with a case-study of energy efficiency in South Africa, drawing on energy modelling for the use of electricity in industry. The results show multiple benefits both for local sustainable development and for mitigating global climate change. The benefits of industrial energy efficiency in South Africa include significant reductions in local air pollutants; improved environmental health; creation of additional jobs; reduced electricity demand; and delays in new investments in electricity generation. The co-benefit of reducing GHG emissions could result in a reduction of as much as 5% of SA's total projected energy CO₂ emissions by 2020. Institutional support and policy guidance is needed at both the international and national level to realize the potential of SD-PAMs. This analysis demonstrates that if countries begin to act early to move towards greater sustainability, they will also start to bend the curve of their emissions path.  相似文献   

The design of California's cap-and-trade and its impact on electricity markets     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):277-292

California is considering the adoption of a cap-and-trade regulatory mechanism for regulating the greenhouse gas emissions from electricity and perhaps other industries. Two options have been widely discussed for implementing cap-and-trade in the electricity industry. The first is to regulate the emissions from electricity at the load-serving entity (LSE) level. The second option for implementation of cap-and-trade has been called the ‘first-seller’ approach. Conceptually, under first-seller, individual sources (i.e. power plants) within California would be responsible for their emissions, as with traditional cap-and-trade systems. Emissions from imports would be assigned to the ‘importing firm’. An option that has not been as widely discussed is to implement a pure source-based system within California, effectively excluding imports from the cap-and-trade system altogether. This article examines these three approaches to implementing cap-and-trade for California's electricity sector. The article discusses many of the issues relating to measurement and the impacts on bidding and scheduling incentives that are created by the various regulatory regimes.  相似文献   

RADIUS协议研究及在VOIP中的应用     

吴贞东  曾德胜 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(6):837-840

对RADIUS协议进行了深入研究，给出了基于RADIUS协议的具有数据采集、认证授权、计费处理、查询统计和系统管理功能的VOIP安全认证计费系统设计与实现方案；系统可运用于IP电话安全认证和灵活计费。  相似文献   

国家资源环境安全要素的综合评价   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张雷 《地球信息科学学报》2002,4(4):86-92

资源环境安全问题始终是世界各国持续发展的核心任务和基本需求。考虑到单要素和整体两大分析方法的不足 ,作者提出了一种具有针对性的要素综合分析方法。根据世界 10个人口 1亿以上国家的抽样分析表明 ,土地、水资源、矿产及生态环境的整体状态是决定国家资源环境安全的基本要素群体。与此同时 ,为了改善国家 ,特别是发展中国家的资源环境脆弱状态和提高其稳定程度 ,第一是严格控制人口增长 ;第二是努力推进本国资源环境开发的国际化进程 ;第三是增大智力投入以提高资源深化加工程度 ;第四是加大本国生态环境保护力度。  相似文献   

基于CC的防火墙安全功能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁思  刘嘉勇  胡勇  陈波 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(4):519-522

防火墙是网络安全的核心手段。依据基于CC（Common Criteria）制订的国家标准——包过滤防火墙安全技术要求和应用级防火墙安全技术要求，提出每项安全功能要求对应的实际安全措施，并分析当前防火墙未实现的安全功能要求。  相似文献   

Food Security of Shifting Cultivation Systems： Case Studies from Luang Prabang and Oudomxay Provinces, Lao PDR   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Linkham Douangsavanh Anan Polthanee Roengsak Katawatin 《山地科学学报》2006,3(1):48-57

Introduction The shifting cultivation system is one of the most important agricultural systems in Luang Prabang and Oudomxay provinces, where many production systems are found in the uplands. The factors, determining the systems, include ethnicity,Journal…  相似文献   

NECESSITY AND METHOD OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CHINA     

RENLi-jun SHANGJin-cheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):42-46

1INTRODUCTIONFor recent years, many countries have increasingly paidattention to the research on strategic environmental as-sessment (SEA) and taken it as one of key supportingtools for pursing sustainable development (BROWNand THERIVEL, 2000; PRARTIDARIO…  相似文献   

论国家对人力资源生产和再生产的宏观调控     

时新荣 《成都信息工程学院学报》2002,17(4):281-284

国家宏观调控的实质是从社会经济运行和发展的全局出发，按照预定的目标，对社会经济的决量和总体结构进行调节和管理。在社会主义市场经济条件下，人力资源的生产和再生产各个环节的经济关系错综复杂经济，人力资源生产和再生产与物质资料的生产和再生产之间也涉及方方面面的经济利益关系。市场在调节经济关系中发挥着基础性作用，但由于市场机制的运行本质上在于利益驱动，这必然造成市场失灵和市场激励机制作用的局限性，从而要求国家加强对人力资源生产和再生产中的经济关系的宏观调控。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1982,34(3):352-379

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Aerial photography and image interpretation for Resource Management . DAVID P. PAINE . Analytical Models and Techniques Spatial Processes Models and Applications A. D. CLIFF AND J. K. ORD Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical Manual JOHN A. MATTHEWS . Cartography and Maps Map Data Processing . HERBERT FREEMAN AND GOFFREDO G. PIERONI , eds. Computer-assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects, 1982 . MARK S. MONMONIER . Cultural Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions . STEPHEN C. JETT AND VIRGINIA E . SPENCER . Rational Landscapes and Humanistic Geography . EDWARD RELPH . Economic The Structure and Control of a State Economy . W. L. L'ESPERANCE . Economic Geography . JAMES O. WHEELER AND PETER O. MULLER . The Myth of the Family Farm: Agribusiness Dominance of U.S. Agriculture . INGOLF VOCELER . Libya: The Experience of Oil . J. A. ALLEN . Geography of Public Finance, Welfare Under Fiscal Federalism and local Government Finance . ROBERT BENNETT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Mountains and Man . LARRY W. PRICE . Environmental Geology . DONALD R. COATES . An Introduction to Environmental Systems . G. H. DURY . The Environment: Chinese and American Views . Edited by LAURENCE J. C. MA AND ALLEN G. NOBLE . Land Use in America . RICHARD H. JACKSON . Medical Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography . MELINDA S. MEADE (ed.). Philosophy and Geographic Thought Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird . GUNNAR OLSSON . PhysicaI Climatology: Selected Applications . J. E. OLIVER . Geomorphological Techniques . ANDREW GOUDIE (ed.). Political Politics, Geography and Behaviour . RICHARD MUIR AND RONAN PADDISON . The State of the World Atlas . MICHAEL KIDRON AND RONALD SECAL . Population The Population of the South . DUDLEY L. POSTON , JR . AND ROBERT H. WELLER , eds. Regional Latin America: Economic Development and Regional Differentiation . ARTHUR MORRIS . Developing the Amazon . EMILIO F. MORAN . Western Europe: A Systematic Human Geography . BRIAN W. ILBERY . Settlement Systems in Sparsely Settled Regions: The United States and Australia . RICHARD E. LONSDALEAND JOHN H. HOLMES , eds. African Perspectives: The Economic Geography of Nine African States . HARM DE BUJ AND ESMOND MARTIN , eds. Rural Nonmetropolitan America in Transition . AMOS H. HAWLEY AND SARA MILLS MAZIE , eds. Social Crime and Environment . R. NORMAN DAVIDSON . The Ghetto: Readings with Interpretations . JOE T. DARDEN , ed. Urban Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World . MICHAEL PACIONE (ed.) Problems and Planning in Third World Cities . Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE . The City in West Europe . D. BURTENSHAW , M. BATEMAN , AND C. J. ASHWORTH .  相似文献   

CLINICALLY APPLIED MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY: ITS ROLE IN TRAVEL MEDICINE     

Jonathan D. Mayer 《The Professional geographer》1989,41(4):421-428

Medical geography frequently contributes to public health, but rarely are medical geographic concepts applied in clinical settings. This article describes the application of medical geographic concepts to an academic travel and tropical medicine clinical service at University Hospital in Seattle, and reviews the role of a medical geographer in this particular clinical setting. Applied concepts of medical geography improve the quality of patient care for overseas travellers and recent immigrants to the United States.  相似文献