基于高光谱分析的草地叶绿素含量估算研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马文勇  王训明 《地理科学进展》2016,35(1):25-34

叶绿素是草地进行光合作用最重要的色素,与氮素、蛋白质、水分等其他植被生化参数均有着密切关系,是草地光合能力及生理状况的良好指示剂。利用高光谱数据建模分析是实现大面积草地叶绿素含量估算的一种重要手段。本文将基于高光谱分析估算草地叶绿素含量的方法总结为：基于红边位置及光谱指数的经验模型和辐射传输模型两类。经验模型通过建立叶绿素含量与红边位置、光谱指数之间统计关系来估算叶绿素含量,参数简单,实用性较强;但光谱指数构造形式多样且与草地叶绿素含量关系复杂,在一定程度上影响了叶绿素的估算精度。辐射传输模型以叶绿素含量与辐射能量的作用过程作为其理论基础,模型中参数较多且对估算尺度敏感,有待于进一步完善。目前草地叶绿素估算的研究相对薄弱,专门用于估算的模型较少。未来的工作一方面应致力于发展和改进适宜于草地的光谱指数,同时确定合适的辐射传输模型参数以改进模型对草地的监测效果;另一方面,如何由叶片尺度拓展到冠层尺度进而拓展到像元尺度,从而更好地实现大面积草地叶绿素含量估算,是一项既具有重要意义又有挑战性的工作。  相似文献   

从散射辐射传输成像到定量精细遥感的信息   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金亚秋 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):768-774

星载遥感是电磁波与环境目标相互作用散射辐射传输获取数据图像,并进而反演诠释环境目标物理特征的信息技术。随着星载遥感多任务、多频段、多极化、高分辨率等多源多模式的发展与融合,星载遥感定量精细信息的需求提出了一系列新的信息链科学问题。本文概述本实验室在近十多年里在星载遥感领域的电磁散射辐射传输理论到定量精细遥感信息链的研究,包括：矢量辐射传输与星载微波遥感数据定标与验证（CAL/VAL）、极化电磁散射与全极化多模式合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像信息、高分辨率遥感与自动目标识别（ATR）技术、月球火星等外星遥感信息获取等。  相似文献   

Simulating Aerosol Optical Depth and Direct Radiative Effects over the Tibetan Plateau with a High-Resolution CAS FGOALS-f3 Model     

Min ZHAO  Tie DAI  Hao WANG  Qing BAO  Yimin LIU  Hua ZHANG  Guangyu SHI 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):2137-2155

Current global climate models cannot resolve the complex topography over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to their coarse resolution. This study investigates the impacts of horizontal resolution on simulating aerosol and its direct radiative effect (DRE) over the TP by applying two horizontal resolutions of about 100 km and 25 km to the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere Land System (CAS FGOALS-f3) over a 10-year period. Compared to the AErosol RObotic NETwork observations, a high-resolution model (HRM) can better reproduce the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of aerosol optical depth (AOD) compared to a low-resolution model (LRM). The HRM bias and RMSE of AOD decreased by 0.08 and 0.12, and the correlation coefficient increased by 0.22 compared to the LRM. An LRM is not sufficient to reproduce the aerosol variations associated with fine-scale topographic forcing, such as in the eastern marginal region of the TP. The difference between hydrophilic aerosols in an HRM and LRM is caused by the divergence of the simulated relative humidity (RH). More reasonable distributions and variations of RH are conducive to simulating hydrophilic aerosols. An increase of the 10-m wind speed in winter by an HRM leads to increased dust emissions. The simulated aerosol DREs at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface by the HRM are –0.76 W m^–2 and –8.72 W m^–2 over the TP, respectively. Both resolution models can capture the key feature that dust TOA DRE transitions from positive in spring to negative in the other seasons.  相似文献   

Evaluating the Impacts of Cloud Microphysical and Overlap Parameters on Simulated Clouds in Global Climate Models     

Haibo WANG  Hua ZHANG  Bing XIE  Xianwen JING  Jingyi HE  Yi LIU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):2172-2187

The improvement of the accuracy of simulated cloud-related variables, such as the cloud fraction, in global climate models (GCMs) is still a challenging problem in climate modeling. In this study, the influence of cloud microphysics schemes (one-moment versus two-moment schemes) and cloud overlap methods (observation-based versus a fixed vertical decorrelation length) on the simulated cloud fraction was assessed in the BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero. Compared with the fixed decorrelation length method, the observation-based approach produced a significantly improved cloud fraction both globally and for four representative regions. The utilization of a two-moment cloud microphysics scheme, on the other hand, notably improved the simulated cloud fraction compared with the one-moment scheme; specifically, the relative bias in the global mean total cloud fraction decreased by 42.9%–84.8%. Furthermore, the total cloud fraction bias decreased by 6.6% in the boreal winter (DJF) and 1.64% in the boreal summer (JJA). Cloud radiative forcing globally and in the four regions improved by 0.3%?1.2% and 0.2%?2.0%, respectively. Thus, our results showed that the interaction between clouds and climate through microphysical and radiation processes is a key contributor to simulation uncertainty.  相似文献   

Modeling three-dimensional forest structures to drive canopy radiative transfer simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor     

Wei Yang  Hideki Kobayashi  Xuehong Chen  Kenlo Nishida Nasahara  Rikie Suzuki  Akihiko Kondoh 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(10):981-1000

Three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo-based radiative transfer (MCRT) models are usually used for benchmarking in intercomparisons of the canopy radiative transfer (RT) simulations. However, the 3-D MCRT models are rarely applied to develop remote sensing algorithms to estimate essential climate variables of forests, due mainly to the difficulties in obtaining realistic stand structures for different forest biomes over regional to global scales. Fortunately, some of important tree structure parameters such as canopy height and tree density distribution have been available globally. This enables to run the intermediate complexities of the 3-D MCRT models. We consequently developed a statistical approach to generate forest structures with intermediate complexities depending on the inputs of canopy height and tree density. It aims at facilitating applications of the 3-D MCRT models to develop remote sensing retrieval algorithms. The proposed approach was evaluated using field measurements of two boreal forest stands at Estonia and USA, respectively. Results demonstrated that the simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) based on the measured forest structures agreed well with the BRF based on the generated structures from the proposed approach with the root mean square error (RMSE) and relative RMSE (rRMSE) ranging from 0.002 to 0.006 and from 0.7% to 19.8%, respectively. Comparison of the computed BRF with corresponding MODIS reflectance data yielded RMSE and rRMSE lower than 0.03 and 20%, respectively. Although the results from the current study are limited in two boreal forest stands, our approach has the potential to generate stand structures for different forest biomes.  相似文献   

Helium reionization and the thermal proximity effect     

Avery Meiksin  Eric R. Tittley  Calum K. Brown 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2010,401(1):77-87

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RADIATIVE AND MICROPHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ICE CLOUDS ON A TORRENTIAL RAINFALL EVENT OVER HUNAN, CHINA     

许凤雯  许小峰  崔晓鹏  王志 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2012,18(3):393-402

The radiative and microphysical effects of ice clouds on a torrential rainfall event over Hunan,China in June 2004 are investigated by analyzing the sensitivity of cloud-resolving model simulations.The model is initialized by zonally-uniform vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature and vapor advection from National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) /National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data.The exclusion of radiative effects of ice clouds increases model domain mean surface rain rates through the increase in the mean net condensation associated with the increase in the mean radiative cooling during the onset phase and the increases in the mean net condensation and the mean hydrometeor loss during the mature phase.The decrease in the mean rain rate corresponds to the decreased mean net condensation and associated mean latent heat release as the enhanced mean radiative cooling by the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds cools the mean local atmosphere during the decay phase.The removal of microphysical effects of ice clouds decreases the mean rain rates through the decrease in the mean net condensation during the onset phase,while the evolution of mean net condensation and the mean hydrometeor changes from decrease to increase during the mature phase.The reduction in the mean rain rate is primarily associated with the mean hydrometeor change in the absence of microphysical effects of ice clouds during the decay phase.  相似文献   

RTTOV和CRTM对“罗莎”台风卫星微波观测的模拟研究与比较   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘硕松  董佩明  韩威  张文军 《气象学报》2012,70(3):585-597

快速辐射传输模式中水成物辐射效应的考虑对卫星观测模拟具有重要的影响。利用区域中尺度数值模式WRF预报输出水成物含量和温湿廓线等参数,使用欧洲中期数值天气预报中心和美国卫星资料同化联合中心发展建立的快速辐射传输模式RTTOV和CRTM,结合雅可比模式计算得到的响应函数,分析了各种水成物辐射效应对AMSUA/B卫星微波观测各通道亮温模拟的影响,并比较了RTTOV和CRTM结果间的异同。结果表明,RTTOV和CRTM两个快速辐射传输模式计算得到的水成物响应函数和水成物辐射效应对模拟亮温影响特征基本一致,但量级上存在差异。雅可比表征的水成物响应函数和水成物本身的分布层次对应关系良好,云水和雨水的响应函数主要分布在中下层,冰水和雪则分布在中上层。相对于RTTOV,CRTM计算得到的水成物响应函数要大一些。对AMSUA,云水和雨水的辐射效应对通道模拟亮温主要以增温为主,尤其是在低频的窗区通道,冰晶和雪则体现散射效应为主的降温作用。对AMSUB,水成物辐射效应的考虑使得模拟亮温降低,尤其是通道2降温幅度最大。CRTM计算出的水成物辐射效应带来的模拟亮温变化幅度大于RTTOV。目前,CRTM除了考虑云、雨、冰和雪4种水成物外,还考虑霰和雹的辐射效应,对水成物辐射效应的考虑比RTTOV更完善一些。  相似文献   

FY-2C静止气象卫星红外通道辐射特性研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘香娥  王广河 《气象》2010,36(2):39-47

FY-2C静止气象卫星中红外通道(3.5～4.0μm)比较特殊,在该通道,地球长波辐射和太阳短波入射辐射的强度基本相同,因此在应用时需要同时考虑大气的散射和热发射两种过程。作者对这两种过程进行了分析,用SBDART辐射传输模式模拟计算了FY-2C中红外通道接收的总辐射、热辐射及散射辐射,分析了它们的特性及对云滴粒子有效半径的敏感性,并提出从该通道接收总辐射中扣除地面及云热辐射贡献项的经验关系式。  相似文献   

北京及其周边地区一次大雾的数值模拟及诊断分析   总被引：27，自引：7，他引：20  

董剑希  雷恒池  胡朝霞  肖稳安  张晓庆 《气候与环境研究》2006,11(2):175-184

利用美国国家大气研究中心研制的第5代中尺度模式系统MM5对2002年12月1~4日北京及其周边地区出现的一次大雾进行了数值模拟研究,模拟的雾出现和消散时间与实况一致。同时对雾形成和维持的机制进行了分析,讨论了雾发生发展阶段的物理过程,并对影响大雾过程的辐射条件做了敏感性试验。结果表明:形成大雾的主要原因是大气层结稳定,水汽充沛,地面的长波辐射冷却;近地面层微物理过程充分发展和雾顶的强烈辐射降温致使雾在垂直空间上出现爆发性发展;而太阳短波辐射对雾的减弱消散有着重要影响;深厚逆温层的维持对雾层长时间维持起着决定性作用。  相似文献