利用FY-2C静止卫星资料反演云粒子有效半径的试验研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈英英  周毓荃  毛节泰  杨军 《气象》2007,33(4):29-34

为充分发挥FY-2C静止卫星在人工影响天气和气候领域的重要作用，基于SBDART辐射传输模式，利用该卫星通道4（3．5～4．0μm）的探测数据，反演了云粒子有效半径，并与TERRA上MODIS的相应产品做了比较。结果表明，FY-2C和MODIS资料能一致地反映云粒子有效半径分布的主要特征，但反演的粒子大小存在差异。反演算法、卫星分辨率及选取通道的不同可能是造成两种资料间差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

东亚夏季风强弱年大气环流和热源异常对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吕俊梅张庆云陶诗言琚建华 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):442-451

根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。  相似文献   

Non-destructive estimation of potato leaf chlorophyll from canopy hyperspectral reflectance using the inverted PROSAIL model     

Elizabeth J. Botha  Brigitte Leblon  Bernie Zebarth  James Watmough   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(4):360-374

Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilization in crop production by in-season measurements of crop N status may improve fertilizer N use efficiency. Hyperspectral measurements may be used to assess crop N status by estimating leaf chlorophyll content. This study evaluated the ability of the PROSAIL canopy-level reflectance model to predict leaf chlorophyll content. Trials were conducted with two potato cultivars under different N fertility rates (0–300 kg N ha⁻¹). Canopy reflectance, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll and N contents were measured. The PROSAIL model was able to predict leaf chlorophyll content with reasonable accuracy later in the growing season. The low estimation accuracy earlier in the growing season could be due to model sensitivity to non-homogenous canopy architecture and soil background interference before full canopy closure. Canopy chlorophyll content (leaf chlorophyll content × LAI) was predicted less accurately than leaf chlrophyll content due to the low estimation accuracy of LAI for values higher than 4.5.  相似文献   

利用多角度POLDER偏振资料实现陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率的同时反演 I. 理论与模拟          下载免费PDF全文

段民征  吕达仁 《大气科学》2007,31(5):757-765

陆地上空标量辐射对地表反射率和大气气溶胶散射都具有很强的敏感性,而偏振反射只对大气气溶胶敏感,对地表不敏感。根据这个原理并结合POLDER(POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectance)资料的特点,作者提出综合利用标量辐射和偏振反射信息来实现陆地上空大气气溶胶和地表反照率的同时反演。首先,利用多角度偏振辐射观测提取大气气溶胶光学参数,再利用标量辐射测量对偏振反演结果作进一步筛选和订正,同时获得地表反射率。数值模拟试验结果证明,仅利用偏振信息只能获取大气气溶胶信息,而且其结果误差较大,特别是对于散射作用较强的短波长通道如670 nm误差更大,但经过标量辐射订正后的结果得到明显改善,气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率与真实值之间相关系数都达到0.99以上。为提高查找表的计算效率,提出并建立了反演方案所需要的半参数化数值表,利用内插方法寻求气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的数值解的反演方法。  相似文献   

Sea level,climate change and coastal evolution in Morar,northwest Scotland     

Shennan  Ian  Tooley  Michael  Green  Frances  Innes  Jim  Kennington  Kevin  Lloyd  Jeremy  Rutherford  Mairead 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1998,77(3-4):247-262

Analyses of geomorphologically contrasting sites in Morar, NW Scotland, describe the forcing mechanisms of coastal change. Isolation basins (i.e. basins behind rock sills and now isolated from the sea following isostatic uplift) accumulated continuous marine and freshwater sediments from c.12 to 2 ka BP. Raised dune, marsh and wetland sites register breaching, migration and stability of dunes from c. 9 to 2 ka BP. High-resolution methods designed to address issues of macroscale and microscale sea-level changes and patterns of storminess include 1-mm sampling for pollen, dinocyst and diatom analyses, infra-red photography, X-ray photography and thin-section analysis. The data enhance the record of relative sea-level change for the area. Major phases of landward migration of the coast occurred during the period of low sea-level rise in the mid-Holocene as the rate of rise decreased from c. 3 to < 1 mm/year. Relative sea-level change controls the broad pattern of coastal evolution at each site; local site-specific factors contribute to short-term process change. There is no record of extreme events such as tsunami. Within a system of dynamic metastable equilibrium, the Holocene records show that site-specific factors determine the exact timing of system breakdown, e.g. dune breaching, superimposed on regional sea-level rise. The global average sea-level rise of 3 to 6 mm/yr by AD 2050 predicted by IPCC would only partly be offset in the Morar area by isostatic uplift of about 1 mm/yr. A change from relative sea-level fall to sea-level rise, in areas where the regional rate of uplift no longer offsets global processes, is a critical factor in the management of coastal resources.  相似文献   

探讨气候变化的新热点:大气气溶胶的气候效应   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

付培健  王世红  陈长和 《地球科学进展》1998,13(4):387-392

气溶胶的气候效应是近年来研究的热点问题。针对这一问题已开展过许多观测研究和模式研究。但是由于气溶胶问题的复杂性以及对气溶胶的观测历史短,至今尚缺少全球范围的气溶胶系统观测资料,所以目前气溶胶的辐射强迫仍是个很不确定的量。这直接影响对全球气候变化的预测。目前国内外正在加强这方面的研究工作,并且有了一些初步的结果。概述了近期国内外对气溶胶的气候效应的研究状况及结果,介绍了今后国际上将要在这一领域开展的研究工作。  相似文献   

    

Li Xingsheng  Zhou Jianqiang  Li Zhe  Fang Xiumei  He Zhuanshi  Farn Parungo 《大气科学进展》1998,15(1):63-73

Combining the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale (MM4) model, the dust transport model and an atmospheric radiative transfer model, a super duststorm process occurred in the Gansu province on 5 May 1993 has been simulated. Based on the observations of duststorms occurred in the northern China and the field measurements of dust particles' physical and optical properties, model simulating dust plume transport processes and dust particle radiative forcing have been devloped. The models are described and verified with real cases of dustorms.  相似文献   

SOUTHERN BOUNDARY FORCING RELATIVE TO GENESIS, MAINTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF A SUBTROPICAL HIGH^*     

Lu Weisong  Tao Li 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(1):40-49

A nonlinear critical layer and a Kelvin cat's eye excited thereupon are simulated through four schemes in the context of a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation model with forced stationary wave acting along the southern boundary to investigate effects of tropical steady forcing on the genesis,maintenance and oscillation of a subtropical high(STH).Evidence suggests that the southern forcing is responsible for the planetary quasi-steady anticyclonic Kelvin cat's eye-form flow field inside the nonlinear critical layer,with the eye shifting,vigor and shape changing quite similar to the behaviors of a summer STH,in striking contrast to the northern stationary forcing.As such,the southern boundary-caused cat's eye is likely to be an even more important mechanism for STH genesis and evolution.In addition,a physical mechanism is introduced for quasi-steady planetary wave moving through the critical layer at subtropical latitudes.  相似文献   

气候系统及模式中反馈机制研究 I.概念和方法     

林朝晖  曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》1998,(1)

气候系统中存在着各种各样的气候反馈机制,而气候模式对这些反馈机制描述的差异,正是造成不同模式对同一直接辐射强迫（如二氧化碳加倍）的响应不同的主要原因。因此,只有正确描述气候系统中的各种反馈作用,气候模式才可能用来对未来的气候变化进行预测。为此,本文首先介绍了气候系统及模式反馈机制分析研究时所常用的一些概念,如气候敏感性参数、云辐射强迫等,随后概述了气候模式反馈机制比较分析时常用的各种方法,并指出了这些方法各自的优缺点。而详细的有关气候系统及模式中反馈作用及其机制的分析则在文章的第ＩＩ部分给出。  相似文献   

中国地区大气气溶胶辐射强迫及区域气候效应的数值模拟   总被引：47，自引：5，他引：42  

周秀骥  李维亮  罗云峰 《大气科学》1998,22(4):418-427

利用太阳直接辐射日总量和日照时数等多年观测资料,反演了中国地区大气气溶胶0.75 μm光学厚度的年、月平均值,分析了我国大气气溶胶状况的时空分布特征。据此,在中国区域气候模式中考虑气溶胶的辐射影响,模拟中国地区气溶胶直接辐射强迫的大小及气候响应的季节变化特征。计算结果表明: 我国大气气溶胶光学厚度多年平均分布状况是以四川盆地为大值中心向四周减少;长江中下游武汉附近和南疆盆地为另两个大值中心;青藏高原为气溶胶低值区;我国绝大部分地区春季气溶胶光学厚度值最大,各地气溶胶光学厚度最小值出现的季节则有所不同。气溶胶辐射强迫介于-5.3～-13 W/m2之间;辐射强迫具有春、夏季大,秋、冬季小,冬季南方偏大,夏季北方偏大的特征。气溶胶辐射强迫的分布与其光学厚度的分布基本一致。由于气溶胶的影响,中国大陆地区地面气温均有所下降,四川盆地到长江中下游地区以及青藏高原北侧到河套地区降温最为明显,分别可达-0.4℃和-0.5℃。气候响应具有明显的季节特征。地面气温的变化除与辐射强迫的大小有关外,还受大气环流的影响。  相似文献