中国西北干旱区年降雨量的时空变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田荣湘  高玲  高由禧 《高原气象》1995,(1)

通过对中国西部地区６８个站３０年年降雨量的分析，把中国西部划分为６个降雨量性质不相关的区。通过对西北３个区的分析，把年降雨量划分为８种不同的空间分布类型。分析表明，控制中国西北干旱区的天气系统主要为西风系统。在过去的３０年间，西北干旱区的气候并非都是变得越来越干，不同的地区变化情况不同。  相似文献   

对流边界层中的一个双高斯型PDF扩散模式     

朱忠湛  李宗恺 《气象学报》1995,53(1):74-81

对流边界层（ＣＢＬ）中的污染扩散是非高斯型的。本文在下列三个假设下建立了双高斯型几率分布函数（ＰＤＦ）模式：１．对流边界层任一确定高度铅直速度Ｗ的几率分布函数ｐｗ由两个高斯分布迭加而成；２．从污染源释放的粒子具有源高的铅直速度几率分布，且其轨迹是线性的；３．粒子在地面的反射为全反射，在混合层高度Ｚｉ为全反射或有部分吸收。然后分析了三个高度上铅直速度Ｗ的一些统计特征量，比较了由ＰＤＦ模式计算的横风向积分浓度和Ｌａｍｂ的数值模拟［１－３］，Ｄｅａｒｄｏｒｆｆ的水槽模拟［４－６］结果，并用美国ＣＯＮＤＯＲＳ计划的外场试验资料［７］对ＰＤＦ模式进行了验证，结果均相当一致。  相似文献   

暴雨类冷涡与非暴雨类冷涡的合成对比分析   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

孙力  王琪  唐晓玲 《气象》1995,21(3):7-10

选择了８例典型的东北冷涡暴雨过程和８例典型的东北冷涡弱降水过程进行了合成对比分析，发现暴雨类冷涡其暴雨主要出现在冷涡的发展阶段，而非暴雨类冷涡的降水主要发生在冷涡的成熟阶段；暴雨类冷涡与其南侧的副热带低值系统联系密切，非暴雨类冷涡的这一特点不甚明显；暴雨类冷涡的两个降水中心分别出现在系统东侧偏南和南侧偏东一些的地，距系统中心大约３００－４００ｋｍ和７００－８００ｋｍ，这些区域处于低层辐合、高层辐菜  相似文献   

数字卫星云图估算面雨量的应用试验   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

杨扬  戚建国 《气象》1995,21(3):35-39

使用云分类降水率估计的方法，有静止气象卫星数字云图进行面雨量估算。对１９９３年８月４日华北南部一次降水过程的实测雨量与估算结果的对比分析表明，这种估算方法对雨区的差别有相当高的精度，对雨量的估计有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

我国5月降水的气候特点和长期变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨义文  王慕真 《气象》1995,21(5):31-35

从月尺度降水长期预报业务的需要出发，根据中央气象台长期科１６０站月降水资料，分析了中国５月份降水的基本气候特点和长期变化，进一步明确了５月份降水预报业务的工作重点，揭示出某些对５月份降水预报业务有价值的气候现象，其中５月份南北方降水长期变化的阶段性及其反位相振荡现象（ＳＮ现象）对５月份降水长期预报业务具有重要实践意义。  相似文献   

Appraisal of regional and index flood quantile estimators     

J. R. Stedinger  L. -H. Lu 《Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics》1995,9(1):49-75

Our results illustrate the performance of at-site and regional GEV/PWM flood quantile estimators in regions with different coefficients of variation, degrees of regional heterogeneity, record lengths, and number of sites. Analytic approximations of bias and variance are employed. For realistic GEV distributions and short records, the index-flood quantile estimator performs better than a 2-parameter GEV/PWM quantile estimator with a regional shape parameter, or a 3-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimator, in both humid and especially in arid regions, as long as the degree of regional heterogeneity is moderate. As regional heterogeneity or record lengths increases, 2-parameter estimators quickly dominate. Flood frequency models that assign probabilities larger than 2% to negative flows are unrealistic; experiments employing such distributions provide questionable results. This appraisal generally demonstrates the value of regionalizing estimators of the shape of a flood distribution, and sometimes the coefficient of variation.  相似文献   

Transport and sedimentation of particles in a fluid flow     

J. Gani  P. Todorovic 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1987,1(3):209-216

A simple two-dimensional random walk model is developed for the motion of a particle in a fluid flow. Some earlier results for the persistent injection of particles into the flow are extended, and the distribution of the maximum number of particles in suspension over the period (0,t) is derived.  相似文献   

Aerosol concentrations and size distribution in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Thumba     

B. H. Subbaraya  A. Jayaraman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1982,120(3):407-421

Rocket-borne ultraviolet photometers operating at =0.31 m have been used at Thumba (8°33N, 76°52E) to make measurements of atmospheric scattering at tropospheric and lower stratospheric altitudes. Measurements could be made of the amplitude of the scattered fluxes and the angular distribution up to an altitude of about 24 km on three rocket flights conducted as part of the 16 February 1980 solar eclipse campaign. These measurements have been used to study the size distribution as well as the number densities of aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Thumba.  相似文献   

南沙基础地理信息系统设计与实现   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

郭大海  和正民  李建存  王轶  何宇华 《国土资源遥感》2001,12(3):47-53,68

“南沙基础地理信息系统”是以岛礁和水深遥感调查成果为基础,汇集近年来航磁调查解释成果,综合利用计算机、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库及网上发布等技术建设而成的,是一个可为海洋规划、环境保护、资源开发、划界谈判、区域合作及为可持续发展提供全面、准确基础资料和决策依据的专业化信息系统。文中重点介绍了系统数据库的建设及系统功能的开发,阐述了系统功能的实现方式,列举了系统的应用实例.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial rainfall analysis across a humid tropical catchment     

P. Campling  A. Gobin  J. Feyen 《水文研究》2001,15(3):359-375

Temporal and spatial rainfall patterns were analysed to describe the distribution of daily rainfall across a medium‐sized (379km²) tropical catchment. Investigations were carried out to assess whether a climatological variogram model was appropriate for mapping rainfall taking into consideration the changing rainfall characteristics through the wet season. Exploratory, frequency and moving average analyses of 30 years' daily precipitation data were used to describe the reliability and structure of the rainfall regime. Four phases in the wet season were distinguished, with the peak period (mid‐August to mid‐September) representing the wettest period. A low‐cost rain gauge network of 36 plastic gauges with overflow reservoirs was installed and monitored to obtain spatially distributed rainfall data. Geostatistical techniques were used to develop global and wet season phase climatological variograms. The unscaled climatological variograms were cross‐validated and compared using a range of rainfall events. Ordinary Kriging was used as the interpolation method. The global climatological variogram performed better, and was used to optimize the number and location of rain gauges in the network. The research showed that although distinct wet season phases could be established based on the temporal analysis of daily rainfall characteristics, the interpolation of daily rainfall across a medium‐sized catchment based on spatial analysis was better served by using the global rather than the wet season phase climatological variogram model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献