Predictability of the summer East Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet in ENSEMBLES multi-model forecasts     

Chaofan Li  Zhongda Lin 《大气科学进展》2015,32(12):1669-1682

The interannual variation of the East Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet(EAJ) significantly affects East Asian climate in summer. Identifying its performance in model prediction may provide us another viewpoint,from the perspective of uppertropospheric circulation,to understand the predictability of summer climate anomalies in East Asia. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of year-to-year variability of the EAJ based on retrospective seasonal forecasts,initiated from1 May,in the five state-of-the-art coupled models from ENSEMBLES during 1960–2005. It is found that the coupled models show certain capability in describing the interannual meridional displacement of the EAJ,which reflects the models' performance in the first leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) mode. This capability is mainly shown over the region south of the EAJ axis. Additionally,the models generally capture well the main features of atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies related to the interannual meridional displacement of the EAJ. Further analysis suggests that the predicted warm SST anomalies in the concurrent summer over the tropical eastern Pacific and northern Indian Ocean are the two main sources of the potential prediction skill of the southward shift of the EAJ. In contrast,the models are powerless in describing the variation over the region north of the EAJ axis,associated with the meridional displacement,and interannual intensity change of the EAJ,the second leading EOF mode,meaning it still remains a challenge to better predict the EAJ and,subsequently,summer climate in East Asia,using current coupled models.  相似文献   

徐州持续性霾过程的季节特征分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

吕翔  刘端阳  李冰峰  田园  段培法  孙建印 《气象》2015,41(9):1134-1143

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料及污染物浓度小时资料,从天气形势、地面气象要素特征、污染物浓度变化、霾形成及维持的机制等方面,分析了徐州2013年持续性霾过程的季节特征。结果表明：秋、冬季中高层为西到西北气流,低层暖脊,地面为高压后部或鞍型场;春、夏季在中高层西南风、低层高压后部偏南气流、地面风场不是很弱的情况下出现持续性霾。秋、冬季霾日夜间风速接近静风,白天风速较夜间略大,风向以偏北和偏东居多;春、夏风向、风速相对稳定,风速维持2~3 m·s-1,风向多为东到东南。秋、冬季出现霾时层结稳定,具有明显的贴地层逆温结构,逆温层顶较低,春季逆温层顶略高于秋、冬季,而夏季出现霾时可以是不稳定的层结,低层也不具备明显逆温特征。冬、夏季霾区上空多为微弱的上升运动,高度不高,其上为下沉气流;春、秋季夜间到早晨霾区上空多为下沉气流。  相似文献   

环境磁学在城市环境污染监测中的应用和进展   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

张春霞  黄宝春 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(3):705-711

环境磁学是一门介于地球科学、环境科学和磁学之间的边缘科学，已广泛应用于很多领域.本文在简述了环境磁学参数和不同环境中磁性矿物变迁和演化过程的基础上,介绍了环境磁学在城市环境污染的不同方面所取得的进展,探讨了环境磁学在土壤污染和大气等城市环境污染研究中的不足,提出了环境磁学在城市环境污染研究领域的发展趋势.  相似文献   

Population dynamics and chemical ecology of New Zealand Demospongiae Latrunculia sp. nov. and Polymastia croceus (Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae: Polymastiidae)     

Alan R. Duckworth  Christopher N. Battershill 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):935-949

For 3 years aspects of the population dynamics, growth, and bioactivity (measure of biologically active metabolite biosynthesis) of the Demospongiae Latrunculia sp. nov. and Polymastia croceus (Kelly‐Borges & Bergquist) were examined on a subtidal reef on the Wellington south coast, New Zealand. For both species, survival of adult sponges was high in all seasons, whereas juvenile sponges had poor survival. Recruitment of Latrunculia sp. nov. occurred in all seasons indicating that this species is reproductively active throughout the year. P. croceus recruited mostly in autumn, supporting previous work that found the sponge to be reproductively active in summer and early autumn only. For both sponge species, growth rates varied greatly between individuals and were unaffected by initial sponge size within the range examined. Sponges generally grew during winter and spring as the water temperature rose, and shrank during summer and autumn as the water temperature fell. This growth pattern may relate to seasonal variation in food abundance, and for P. croceus it may result also from seasonal differences in reproductive investment. After 2 years, Latrunculia sp. nov. and P. croceus had on average, halved and doubled in size, respectively. Latrunculia sp. nov. showed a seasonal pattern of bioactivity, being most active in spring possibly to prevent the surface overgrowth of fouling organisms. P. croceus had no seasonal pattern of bioactivity, but individuals were either very active or inactive. The bioactive metabolites in both species possibly aid in competitive interactions and prevent predation and biofouling.  相似文献   

多角辐散地极技术在高电阻率地区的应用     

廖必军 《气象科技》2007,35(4):567-570

在高电阻率地区,建造符合要求且经济实用的地网一直是防雷工程施工的难点。因为组成地网的接地极的形状关系到材料利用效率和施工难易程度。提出了"多角辐散地极"的概念,设计制作了多角辐散地极,并选择了3个不同的地域环境,对这一设计技术进行了试验。通过与普通地网的比较,证明了在高阻率地区多角辐散地极组成的地网优于普通地网。通过对不同安装距离,不同降阻剂投放量的比较,确定了多角辐散地极的最佳安装方法,并根据试验测量的数据计算出并联系数,得出工程量的估算方法。  相似文献   

陕西省泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属地质累积指数评价     

易秀  谷晓静  侯燕卿  刘秀花  谢娟 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(3):288-291

通过对陕西省泾惠渠灌区现场调查及土壤样品的采集,分析了灌区土壤中Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Zn等7种元素的含量,应用地质累积指数对灌区土壤进行了评价。结果表明：从区域分布看,阎良区、临潼区、高陵县所属采样点污染较严重;Hg污染最严重,地质累积指数为1.007～3.117,58%的采样点级别为3级,属中度污染到强污染,38%的采样点级别为2级,属中度污染;Zn污染程度次之,地质累积指数为-0.407～1.644,71%的采样点级别为1级,属无污染到中污染;Cd污染变异程度最大,地质累积指数为-2.705～3.312,70%的采样点级别0级,属无污染,但个别采样点达到了强污染;Cu的地质累积指数为-0.535～0.421,Pb为-1.119～-0.144,Cr为-1.005～-0.458,As为-0.562～0.077,除个别点外这些重金属污染级别皆为0级,属无污染。  相似文献   

极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响     

李红寿  汪万福  张国彬  邱飞  詹鸿涛 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(2):183-188

基于建立在莫高窟窟顶的密闭拱棚,通过监测棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度,对极干旱地区典型极干旱气候条件下土壤与大气水分的相互影响进行综合分析。棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度的监测结果表明,在热动力作用下存在地下水分向大气输送的过程,其原因主要是在温度作用下土壤结合水分的分解蒸发与土壤盐分的吸湿吸附的交替作用。这也是形成所谓“土壤凝结水分”与“土壤水分呼吸”的根源。当温度升高时,土壤结合水分分解蒸发“呼出”水分,当温度降低时土壤盐分吸湿吸附,“吸入”大气水分,形成土壤与大气不对称水分交流。称质量实验表明：土壤水分的变化与空气温度的变化完全对应;有深层水分支持的土壤吸收大气水分的能力相对较差。极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响研究结果能为莫高窟珍贵文物的保护提供参考。  相似文献   

软土隧道盾构出洞灾害的渗流应力耦合分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏纲  郭志威  魏新江  陈伟军 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z1):383-387

对盾构出洞口涌水涌砂灾害问题作了分析。利用Midas-GTS软件,建立了盾构出洞施工的有限元模型。考虑盾构出洞施工的渗流-应力耦合效应,研究了盾构工作井外加固土体前方高水位工况下,地下水绕加固土体下卧土层的渗流规律以及加固土体前方原状土的沉降规律。研究结果表明,在假定井外加固土体完全隔水情况下,洞门涌水涌砂灾害的发生与否受到土体加固长度、井外地下水等因素影响;土体加固长度的增加对工程安全有利,但成本较高;地下水位的降低能有效减小盾构出洞洞门涌水灾害的发生,需综合考虑工程安全性、经济性和工期等来确定合理的施工参数。  相似文献   

Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine,Middle Benue Trough,Nigeria     

Nganje T.N.  Adamu C.I.  Ukpong E.E. 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):167-174

This study focused on the influence of base metal mining on heavy metal levels in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Nigeria. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) and plant samples were collected from cul-tivated farmlands in and around the mine, the unmineralized site and a nearby forest (the control site). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The physical properties of soils (pH and LOI) were also measured. Results showed that soils from cultivated farm-lands have neutral pH values (6.5-7.5), and low organic matter contents (10%). Levels of Zn, Pb and Cd in culti-vated soils were higher than the concentrations obtained from the control site. These heavy metals are most probably sourced from mining and agricultural activities in the study area. Heavy metal concentrations measured in plant parts decreased in the order of rice leavescassava tuberspeelings. In the same plant species, metal levels decreased in the order of ZnFeMnCuPbCrCd. Most heavy metals were found in plant parts at average concentrations normally observed in plants grown in uncontaminated soil, however, elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in a few cassava samples close to the mine dump. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil metal contents, pH and LOI as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake.  相似文献   

干旱半干旱区土壤含水量反演与验证   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李琴  陈曦  包安明  刘铁  王金林 《水科学进展》2010,21(2):201-207

基于MODIS遥感影像和表观热惯量法,以新疆为研究区,建立了适用于干旱半干旱区1 m土体的土壤含水量反演模型。模型根据高表观热惯量,高土壤含水量,低表观热惯量,低土壤含水量这一理论,通过日地表温差和宽波段反照率确定土壤含水量的时空变化。假设通过1 m土体的土壤水通量正比于上下底层土壤含水量的差值,利用水平衡方程建立土壤表面和底层土壤含水量关系方程,并利用中国土壤类型特点确定优化模型。通过验证结果表明,壤土和壤质粘土这两类土壤含水量接近真实值,砂土在区域验证中,模拟与实测差值为2.16%,整个模型模拟精度较好,能够准确地从时空上反演干旱半干旱地区1 m土体的土壤水分情况。  相似文献