二阶精度半隐式半拉格朗日轨迹计算和时间积分方案在GRAPES区域模式中的应用     

张旭  黄伟  陈葆德 《气象学报》2015,73(3):557-565

将两时间层稳定外插方案(Stable Extrapolation Two-Time-Level Scheme,SETTLS)引入GRAPES区域模式,并将其用于上游点和非线性项的时间外插计算。对线性项采用二阶精度的非中央权重时间平均,并取等温参考大气的温度大于实际大气平均温度,以保证半隐式积分方案的稳定性。原GRAPES时间积分方案对线性项做一阶非中央权重时间平均,对参考大气的选择并无限制,而为保证稳定性,须取较大的非中央权重系数,但非中央权重系数会对低波数波动产生较强的衰减作用。理想试验结果表明,相比原GRAPES半隐式半拉格朗日(SISL)时间积分方案,新SISL时间积分方案计算稳定且对波动的衰减作用较弱。  相似文献   

Improved Weather Radar Echo Extrapolation Through Wind Speed Data Fusion Using a New Spatiotemporal Neural Network Model     

耿焕同  谢博洋  葛晓燕  闵锦忠  庄潇然 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(4):482-492

Weather radar echo extrapolation plays a crucial role in weather forecasting. However, traditional weather radar echo extrapolation methods are not very accurate and do not make full use of historical data. Deep learning algorithms based on Recurrent Neural Networks also have the problem of accumulating errors. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain higher accuracy by relying on a single historical radar echo observation. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Fusion GRU module, which leverages a cascade structure to effectively combine radar echo data and mean wind data. We also designed the Top Connection so that the model can capture the global spatial relationship to construct constraints on the predictions. Based on the Jiangsu Province dataset, we compared some models. The results show that our proposed model, Cascade Fusion Spatiotemporal Network (CFSN), improved the critical success index (CSI) by 10.7% over the baseline at the threshold of 30 dBZ. Ablation experiments further validated the effectiveness of our model. Similarly, the CSI of the complete CFSN was 0.004 higher than the suboptimal solution without the cross-attention module at the threshold of 30 dBZ.  相似文献   

Do 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline data support the conclusion of threshold carcinogenic effects?     

Chao Chen  Kate Z. Guyton 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(4):487-494

The objectives of this paper are to (1) reexamine the data that were used to support the conclusion of a threshold effect for 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx)-induced initiation and carcinogenicity at low doses in the rat liver, and (2) discuss issues and uncertainties about assessing cancer risk at low doses. Our analysis is part of an effort to understand proper interpretation and modeling of data related to cancer mechanisms and is not an effort to develop a risk assessment for this compound. The data reanalysis presented herein shows that the low-dose initiation activity of MeIQx, which can be found in cooked meat, cannot be dismissed. It is argued that the threshold effect for carcinogenic agents cannot be determined by statistical non-significance alone; more relevant biological information is required. A biologically motivated procedure is proposed for data analyses. The concept and procedure that are appropriate for analyzing MeIQx data are equally applicable to other compounds with comparable data. The ideas and approaches in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the positions or policies of the USEPA.  相似文献   

求解二阶解耦弹性波方程的低秩分解法和低秩有限差分法          下载免费PDF全文

袁雨欣  胡婷  王之洋  郭鹏  刘洪 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3324-3333

时间域的波场延拓方法在本质上都可以归结为对一个空间-波数域算子的近似.本文基于一阶波数-空间混合域象征,提出一种新的方法求解解耦的二阶位移弹性波方程.该方法采用交错网格,连续使用两次一阶前向和后向拟微分算子,推导得到了解耦的二阶位移弹性波方程的波场延拓算子.由于该混合域象征在伪谱算子的基础上增加了一个依赖于速度模型的补偿项,可以补偿由于采用二阶中心差分计算时间微分项带来的误差,有效地减少模拟结果的数值频散,提高模拟精度.然而,在非均匀介质中,直接计算该二阶的波场延拓算子,每一个时间步上需要做N次快速傅里叶逆变换,其中N是总的网格点数.为了减少计算量,提出了交错网格低秩分解方法;针对常规有限差分数值频散问题,本文将交错网格低秩方法与有限差分法结合,提出了交错网格低秩有限差分法.数值结果表明,交错网格低秩方法和交错网格低秩有限差分法具有较高的精度,对于复杂介质的地震波数值模拟和偏移成像具有重要的价值.  相似文献   

Application of the Characteristic CIP Method to a Shallow Water Model on the Sphere     

PENG Xindong  CHANG Yan  LI Xingliang  XIAO Feng 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):728-740

Semi-implicit algorithms are popularly used to deal with the gravitational term in numerical models. In this paper, we adopt the method of characteristics to compute the solutions for gravity waves on a sphere directly using a semi-Lagrangian advection scheme instead of the semi-implicit method in a shallow water model, to avoid expensive matrix inversions. Adoption of the semi-Lagrangian scheme renders the numerical model always stable for any Courant number, and which saves CPU time. To illustrate the efficiency of the characteristic constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method, some numerical results are shown for idealized test cases on a sphere in the Yin-Yang grid system.  相似文献   

CloudSat云底高度外推估计的可行性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王帅辉  姚志刚  韩志刚  赵增亮 《气象》2012,38(2):210-219

云底高度对于全球辐射平衡以及航空飞行均具有重要影响。针对CloudSat与MODIS主、被动观测的优缺点,本文提出了利用MODIS云分类信息进行CloudSat云底高度外推估计的技术。首先使用MODIS和CloudSat数据,利用回归分析方法比较了基于云类型（CSAT）与基于距离（MSAT）的云底高度估计方法的优劣。此外,分析了中国及周边地区CloudSat各类云云底高度的均一性特征。最后,利用CloudSat各类云云底高度的统计特征,建立了一种基于云类型和距离权重的云底高度估计方法,并对该方法进行了验证和分析。结果表明,利用该方法得到的MODIS各类云云底高度估计误差的标准差均小于1.5 km,除了积雨云在观测点与待测点距离大于400 km的估计误差均值稍大于1.5 km外,各种情况下其他各类云的云底高度估计误差的均值均小于1.5 km。  相似文献   

Progresses of Researches on Numerical Weather Prediction in China： 1999-2002   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

XUE Jishan 《大气科学进展》2004,21(3):467-474

The recent progresses in the research and development of (NWP) in China are reviewed in this paper. The most impressive achievements are the development of direct assimilation of satellite irradiances with a 3DVAR (three-dimentional variational) data assimilation system and a non-hydrostatic model with a semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit scheme. Progresses have also been made in model physics and model application to precipitation and environmental forecasts. Some scientific issues of great importance for further development are discussed.  相似文献   

一种基于多项式外推的局部透射边界位移解(外行波为非平面波情形)   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

张晓志  谢礼立  屈成忠 《地震工程与工程振动》2004,24(1):1-6

一般情况下,通过人工边界向外透射的波动常为非平面波。对于近场非平面波在人工边界上的透射问题,不能采用简单的平面波透射方法。本文针对近场非平面波在人工边界上的透射特点,分析了非平面波沿人工边界法向视波速的变化规律及其近场失稳机制,推导了适合近场非平面波的、人工边界点位移解的不等步距线性外推公式。  相似文献   

利用雷达和自动站资料综合分析风暴移动和发展规律   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐亚钦  翟国庆  黄旋旋 《大气科学》2011,35(1):134-146

为了研究地面中尺度辐合对对流回波发展趋势的影响,本文利用多普勒雷达和经过质量控制的地面加密自动站资料,选取浙江宁波地区较典型的10次强对流天气过程,逐时统计地面辐合场、累计雨量、雷达回波之间的相互对应情况,并进一步通过Shuman-Shapiro滤波来揭示地面中尺度风场辐合与风暴发展的内在联系,最后基于所统计的回波发展...  相似文献   

The Application of Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian Transport Scheme in a Spectral Atmosphere Model     

WANG Xiaocong  LIU Yimin  WU Guoxiong  Shian-Jiann LIN  BAO Qing 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):89-100

A flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport scheme(FFSL) was implemented in a spectral atmospheric GCM developed and used at IAP/LASG.Idealized numerical experiments show that the scheme is good at shape preserving with less dissipation and dispersion,in comparison with other conventional schemes.Importantly,FFSL can automatically maintain the positive definition of the transported tracers,which was an underlying problem in the previous spectral composite method(SCM).To comprehensively investigate the impact of FFSL on GCM results,we conducted sensitive experiments.Three main improvements resulted:first,rainfall simulation in both distribution and intensity was notably improved,which led to an improvement in precipitation frequency.Second,the dry bias in the lower troposphere was significantly reduced compared with SCM simulations.Third,according to the Taylor diagram,the FFSL scheme yields simulations that are superior to those using the SCM:a higher correlation between model output and observation data was achieved with the FFSL scheme,especially for humidity in lower troposphere.However,the moist bias in the middle and upper troposphere was more pronounced with the FFSL scheme.This bias led to an over-simulation of precipitable water in comparison with reanalysis data.Possible explanations,as well as solutions,are discussed herein.  相似文献