Stable Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Experiment in Spain (SABLES 98): A Report   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

J. Cuxart  C. Yagüe  G. Morales  E. Terradellas  J. Orbe  J. Calvo  A. Fernández  M. R. Soler  C. Infante  P. Buenestado  A. Espinalt  H. E. Joergensen  J. M. Rees  J. Vilá  J. M. Redondo  I. R. Cantalapiedra  L. Conangla 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,96(3):337-370

This paper describes the Stable AtmosphericBoundary Layer Experiment in Spain (SABLES 98),which took place over the northern Spanish plateaucomprising relatively flat grassland,in September 1998. The main objectives of the campaign were to study the properties of themid-latitude stable boundary layer (SBL).Instrumentation deployed on two meteorologicalmasts (of heights 10 m and 100 m)included five sonic anemometers, 15 thermocouples,five cup anemometers and three propeller anemometers,humidity sensors and radiometers.A Sensitron mini-sodar and a tetheredballoon were also operated continuously. Atriangular array of cup anemometers wasinstalled to allow the detection ofwave events. Two nocturnal periods analysedon 14–15 and 20–21 September are used toillustrate the wide-ranging characteristics of the SBL.  相似文献   

Site effects at Euroseistest—I. Determination of the valley structure and confrontation of observations with 1D analysis     

D Raptakis  F.J Chvez-Garc&#x;&#x;a  K Makra  K Pitilakis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,19(1):411

This paper describes the process of construction of the 2D model of Volvi's geological structure and results of empirical and theoretical approaches to the evaluation of site response at Euroseistest. The construction of the 2D model is based on a re-interpretation of the available geophysical and geotechnical data in an effort to improve the definition of the subsoil structure at Euroseistest in terms of the most important parameters needed to model site response. The results of this re-interpretation are compared with a previous published 2D model of the same alluvial valley. Different analysis of the measurements and different criteria in the synthesis of data have led to a different model, even if both studies had access to the same field measurements. This underscores the fact that a model results of an interpretation and is not uniquely determined by the data, no matter how detailed they are. The well known subsoil structure opened the possibility to correlate the geometry and the dynamic properties of the 2D model with the results of site response determined from a detailed analysis of two events in frequency and time domains and 1D numerical modeling. The study of site response shows the important effect of the lateral variations on the ground motion and suggests that the contribution of locally generated surface waves to the resonant peak may be important. In the case of Volvi's graben, the limitations of the 1D approximation to simulate ground motion under complex soil conditions in both frequency and time domains are also shown. This paper lays the ground for a companion article dealing with 2D site effects in this basin.  相似文献   

Effect of soil stiffness in the attenuation of Rayleigh-wave motions from field measurements     

G. A. Athanasopoulos  P. C. Pelekis  G. A. Anagnostopoulos 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,19(4)

The amplitude of vertical ground surface vibrations generated by impact tests on the ground surface was measured at various radial distances from the point of impact at locations of Greece. The results of measurements were analyzed in the frequency domain (in the range from 0–100 Hz) and the attenuation characteristics of soil materials were studied in terms of a frequency-independent attenuation coefficient, a₀, of the empirical Bornitz equation. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of soil stiffness (expressed by the value of low-amplitude shear wave velocity of soil, V_SO) on the value of attenuation coefficient, a₀. Values of V_SO for the tested soils were estimated by applying the methodology of Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) technique and utilizing the surface vibration data. An empirical relationship between a₀ and V_SO1 (V_SO1 is the representative value of V_SO for the soil profile up to a depth of one wavelength) was established for values of V_SO1 ranging from 140 to 1000 m/s. A similar relationship in terms of the low-amplitude shear modulus of soil, G_O1, was also established by converting the V_SO1 values to G_O1 values. The experimental results were compared to values reported in the literature for comparable soil types and frequencies of vibration and a reasonable agreement was found to exist. The proposed empirical relationship can be utilized in many practical applications of soil dynamics requiring the knowledge of the attenuation rate of Rayleigh waves with distance in various types of soils.  相似文献   

The generation of non aspect sensitive plasma density irregularities by field aligned drifts in the lower ionosphere     

T. R. Robinson  K. Schlegel 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(7):799-806

A theory of the generation of plasma density irregularities with virtually no aspect sensitivity, in the lower ionosphere at high latitudes, by electron drifts aligned with the geomagnetic field, is presented. The theory is developed through fluid equations in which the destabilising mechanism involves positive feedback from electron collisional heating. When field aligned electron drift speeds exceed a few km s^–1, this effect destabilises waves with wavelengths in excess of a few tens of metres in the lower E-region, where collisional effects are sufficiently large. Furthermore, the threshold conditions are almost independent of the wave propagation direction and the unstable waves propagate at speeds well below the ion acoustic speed. The role that this new instability may play in recent radar backscatter observations of short scale irregularities propagating in directions close to that of the geomagnetic field, in the lower E-region is also considered.  相似文献   

Comment on “Concerning the generation of geomagnetic giant pulsations by drift-bounce resonance ring current instabilities” by K.-H. Glassmeier et al., Ann. Geophysicae, 17, 338/350, (1999)     

I. R. Mann  G. Chisham 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(2):161-166

  相似文献   

广义地震活动窗及其对震前异常过程的跟踪应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王琤琤  刘红桂  王炜  陈兴东  梅卫萍  张晓勇 《地震》2000,20(4):19-27

提出了广州地震窗的概念,并以此作为研究范围以突出局部构造特点。用多年地震频次等值线划分广义地震窗的方法,在中国东部得到４５个广义地震窗,它们具有明显的构造意义,应用原有地震活动参数提出一个相对指标ｆ,用以消除局部的地域特点和地震活动涨落的时段特点,提高原指标的异常信息提取能力。用地震活动指数Ａ（ｂ）值的相对指标ｆ（Ａ（ｂ）,提出了用多窗异常组合图综合平面的时间的三维信息以跟踪异常过程,结果显示主震  相似文献   

饱和土半空间中圆柱形孔洞对平面P波的散射   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李伟华  赵成刚 《岩土力学》2004,25(12):1867-1872

在 Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论的基础上,首次建立了求解饱和土半空间中圆柱形孔洞对平面 P 波散射问题的波函数展开法。首先。分析了具有圆柱形孔洞的饱和土半空间场地在平面 P 波入射下产生散射波系,并将入射波和散射波的波函数在圆柱坐标下展开。然后,引入边界条件,求出散射波函数的待定系数,从而,得到饱和土半空间中圆柱形孔洞对平面P波的散射问题的解析解。根据所得的波函数的解,可求解区域内的位移、应力的值,同时,分析了入射波频率、入射角对柱面上的应力集中因子的影响。  相似文献   

Influence of Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming on the Unprecedented Cold Wave in East Asia in January 2021   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yingxian ZHANG  Dong SI  Yihui DING  Dabang JIANG  Qingquan LI  Guofu WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):576-590

An unprecedented cold wave intruded into East Asia in early January 2021 and led to record-breaking or historical extreme low temperatures over vast regions.This study shows that a major stratospheric sudden warming(SSW)event at the beginning of January 2021 exerted an important influence on this cold wave.The major SSW event occurred on 2 January 2021 and subsequently led to the displacement of the stratospheric polar vortex to the East Asian side.Moreover,the SSW event induced the stratospheric warming signal to propagate downward to the mid-to-lower troposphere,which not only enhanced the blocking in the Urals-Siberia region and the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation,but also shifted the tropospheric polar vortex off the pole.The displaced tropospheric polar vortex,Ural blocking,and another downstream blocking ridge over western North America formed a distinct inverted omega-shaped circulation pattern(IOCP)in the East Asia-North Pacific sector.This IOCP was the most direct and impactful atmospheric pattern causing the cold wave in East Asia.The IOCP triggered a meridional cell with an upward branch in East Asia and a downward branch in Siberia.The meridional cell intensified the Siberian high and low-level northerly winds,which also favored the invasion of the cold wave into East Asia.Hence,the SSW event and tropospheric circulations such as the IOCP,negative phase of Arctic Oscillation,Ural blocking,enhanced Siberian high,and eastward propagation of Rossby wave eventually induced the outbreak of an unprecedented cold wave in East Asia in early January 2021.  相似文献   

Study on horizontal relative diffusion in the troposphere and lower stratosphere     

Zheng Yi 《大气科学进展》2000,17(1):93-102

The behaviour of relative diffusion theory and Gifford’s random-force theory for long-range atmospheric diffusion is examined. When a puff scale is smaller than the Lagrangian length scale, 2KTL, an accelerative relative diffusion region exists, i.e., σy∝t3/2. While the puff diffusion enters a two-dimensional turbulence region, in which the diffusion scale is larger than 500 km, or time scale is larger than 1 day, divergence and convergence are main cause of horizontal diffusion. Between the two above-mentioned regimes, diffusion deviation is given byσy=2KTL. The large-scale horizontal relative diffusion parameters were obtained by analyzing the data of radioactive cloud width collected in air nuclear tests.  相似文献   

一个陆面过程参数化模式与 MM5的耦合   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

殷达中  陈家宜 《大气科学》2000,24(2):177-186

在法国陆面过程模式的基础上,为了表示冠层叶片遮挡对水分蒸发阻抗的影响,在植被覆盖部分引入了遮盖因子,然后将这个修正的陆面过程参数化模式耦合到MM5模式中。耦合后的模式模拟出了因为降水造成土壤湿度变化和植被覆盖动态作用对地面通量的影响,而原MM5模式模拟结果则没有反映上述动态变化对地面通量的作用。原MM5模式和耦合模式模拟了1993年8月17日到20日以内蒙古半干旱草原为中心的中尺度区域的气象场,模拟结果和IMGRASS预观测资料进行了对比,对比说明新的陆面过程模式提高了MM5模式对地面通量和边界层各物理量（风、温、湿）的模拟精度。  相似文献