Radium isotopes in river sediments of Czech Republic     

Eduard Hanslík  Eva Kalinov  Martina Brtvov  Diana Ivanovov  Barbora Sedl&#x;ov  Jitka Svobodov  Vra Jedinkov-K&#x;íov  Mark Rieder  Ji&#x;í Medek  Karel Forejt  Ladislav Vondrk  Karel Jahn  Ji&#x;í Jusko 《Limnologica》2005,35(3):177-184

In the Czech Republic, river bottom sediments have been systematically monitored since 1999. In the paper, their radioactive contamination due to uranium mining and milling is assessed. The sediments samples were analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Especially the radium-226 and radium-228 activities were further evaluated.The highest values of the radium-226 activities were found at river profiles where the uranium industry impact was obvious. It turned out that the radium-226 and radium-228 activities ratio is more convenient to assess the level of radium-226 contamination than only the radium-226 activity itself. Based on this hypothesis, the sediment classification scheme for uranium industry contamination was suggested. The natural background activities of radium-226 and radium-228 in the Czech Republic were also evaluated. The case of radium-226 contamination due to the uranium industry was studied in details at the Ploučnice River.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in iron transport and nature of dissolved organic matter in a humic river in northern Finland     

Kaisa Heikkinen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(7):583-596

Changes in the concentration of iron and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and in the colour and fluorescence properties in the River Kiiminkijoki were investigated as functions of the seasonal flow regime over a two-year period. The iron concentration in filtrates and the ratio of Fe to DOC in the river increased under low flow conditions and decreased during the flood periods. The colour of the dissolved organic matter increased with increasing iron content, the effect being more pronounced during the warm period of the year than in winter. The ratio of fluorescence to DOC increased during the warm period of the year but not in winter, and decreased rapidly with discharge at the beginning of the flood period in autumn. The results give indications of the origin, formation, nature, and fate of the DOM in the river water. Temperature-dependent microbiological processes in the formation and sedimentation of iron-organic colloids seem to be important. Estimates are given for the amounts and transport rates of iron discharged into the Gulf of Bothnia by the river.  相似文献   

Origin of organic sulphur compounds and sulphur-containing high molecular weight substances in sediments and immature crude oils     

Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst  W. Irene  C. Rijpstra  Jan W. de Leeuw  P.A. Schenck 《Organic Geochemistry》1988,13(4-6)

The distribution patterns of Organic Sulphur Compounds (OSC), occurring in certain sediments and immature crude oils, were compared with those of the corresponding hydrocarbons. Because of the complexity of the OSC mixtures, they were desulphurized to hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes, steranes, triterpanes and branched alkanes). The hydrocarbons produced by desulphurization of the OSC exhibited distribution patterns different from those of the hydrocarbons originally present. Therefore reaction of elemental sulphur with these hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures must be considered as an unlikely origin for these OSC. Sulphur incorporation reactions on an intramolecular basis with suitable functionalized precursors at the early stages of diagenesis are probably the major origin for these OSc. Desulphurization of high molecular weight fractions also produced hydrocarbons, dominated by n-alkanes up to C₄₀. Therefore it is assumed that these substances contain n-alkanes, 2,5-dialkyl-thiophenes and -thiolanes linked to each other by sulphur briddges. These findings stronly suggest that sulphur-containing high molecular weight substances are formed by the same sulphur incorporation reactions as OSC, but in an intermolecular fashion.  相似文献   

Thermal characterization of natural and synthetic humic substances     

P. Ioselis  Y. Rubinsztain  R. Ikan  Z. Aizenshtat  M. Frenkel 《Organic Geochemistry》1985,8(1):95-101

Thermogravimetric technique was used for the characterization of natural (humic) and synthetic (melanoidins) substances. The influence of pH on the thermal stability of humic substances was studied. A similarity in thermal behaviour of natural humic substances and of melanoidins (prepared from an excess of sugar) and the unique thermal properties of melanoidins (prepared from basic amino acids) was observed. Thermal behavior of natural and synthetic substances was compared with model compounds of sugar, peptide and kerogen types.  相似文献   

Cl^-/SO₄^2-铁盐对含可溶性胞外多聚物Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans溶液中铁矿物形成的影响     

张笛  徐轶群  姚婷  熊慧欣 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(2):309-317

铁细菌胞外多聚物作用下聚集的铁可通过氧化或者沉淀作用使铁稳定或沉积,从而形成铁矿物。本文基于铁细菌胞外多聚物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)对铁矿物形成的调控作用,介绍了Cl-/SO_4~(2-)的Fe(Ⅲ)或Fe(Ⅱ)盐作用下,含可溶性EPS的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)溶液中铁矿物的形成,观察了溶液pH值变化及形成铁矿物的矿相与结构,并采用XRD、FTIR和FESEM对其进行表征。结果发现反应溶液中OH-离子可与Fe3+形成微米级"针垫"聚集球状或纳米级小球形施威特曼石和微米级"菱形"块状黄钾铁矾铁矿物沉淀。反应溶液中的可溶性EPS可调控和促进铁矿物的形成,但对Fe2+的氧化未产生影响;外源Fe盐可促进施威特曼石向黄钾铁矾转化。随着Cl-/SO_4~(2-)摩尔比例的增加(即Cl-含量的不断增加),两矿相间的转化明显受到抑制,且铁矿物颗粒之间的集聚作用明显减弱;反之,SO_4~(2-)含量升高时,有利于铁矿物间的转化和聚集球状颗粒形貌结构的形成。  相似文献   

黑潮化学物质输入东海的途径与通量   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Liu Wei  Song Jinming  Yuan Huamao  Li Xuegang  Li Ning  Duan Liqin  Zuo Jiulong 《地球科学进展》2015,30(8):904-914

在对黑潮水文特征分析的基础上,探讨了黑潮对中国近海化学物质输入途径,归纳总结了黑潮对东海生源要素、痕量元素、同位素及其他化学物质的输入特征,提出了黑潮对中国近海化学物质输入研究应着重关注的问题。主要的结论包括:吕宋海峡、中国台湾东北部及日本九州西南海域是黑潮向中国近海输送化学物质的3个关键区域;黑潮表层水向东海陆架的扩展、次表层水和中层水的涌升以及黑潮季节性流轴摆动是黑潮向东海输送化学物质的基本途径。黑潮主体生源要素的浓度随深度的增加而增大。黑潮对东海生源要素的影响夏季最弱、春季次之、秋冬季最强,其对东海生源要素的输入通量要远高于河流、大气等其他输入源,并且各水层中以中层水的生源要素输入通量为最大。痕量元素在黑潮主体的分布、对东海的输入通量等方面均表现出了与生源要素的差异,各痕量元素的分布及输入通量随痕量元素的不同而不尽相同,其中次表层水的涌升在对邻近海域痕量元素分布的影响中起到了重要作用。同位素可指示黑潮对东海陆架的入侵程度及变化规律,并与营养盐等有一定的相关性。黑潮是东海微量温室气体N2O,CH4等其他化学物质的重要输入源,进而对东海生态环境产生影响。进一步研究应着重从系统性外海观测、痕量元素及同位素等化学物质调查、黑潮对中国近海输入化学物质的控制过程等方面深入开展。  相似文献   

Comparison of Laurentian Fulvic Acid luminescence with that of the hydroquinone/quinone model system: Evidence from low temperature fluorescence studies and EPR spectroscopy     

Freek?Ariese  Sander?van Assema  Cees?Gooijer  Aldo?G.?Bruccoleri  Cooper?H.?LangfordEmail author 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2004,66(1):86-94

  相似文献   

具有免疫活性多糖海洋细菌菌株的筛选   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

黄耀坚  黄益丽  刘三震  郑忠辉  宋思扬  苏文金 《台湾海峡》2004,23(1):38-42

从厦门海区潮间带的动植物体及底泥分离到的177株海洋细菌中筛选出一株高产胞外多糖的1202菌株.其产生的胞外多糖可显著地促进昆明种小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL 2(白介素 2)的合成,并对小鼠S180肉瘤具有较强的抑制作用.经初步分类鉴定,确定该菌株归属于土壤杆菌属(Agrobacteriumsp.).  相似文献   

The role of biogeochemical processes in minimising uranium dispersion from a mine site     

Barry N. Noller  Roger A. Watters  Peter H. Woods 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(1):37-50

The Ranger Uranium Mine located in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory lies in the tropical zone and has an annual wet-dry monsoonal climate. Following the commencement of the wet season, runoff from the waste rock dump accumulates in a retention pond (RP4). This water is permitted to discharge to the nearby Magela Creek once minimum flow of 5 m³/sec is reached and following filling of the pond. The discharge proceeds via a channel, experimental wetland and a backflow billabong (Djalkmarra Billabong) which acts as a natural wetland filter and flows out to Magela Creek.This study examines monitoring data for water releases over 3 wet seasons. I wet season with no release and 4 dry seasons. The monitoring data comprised electrical conductivity (EC). pH, Na, K. Ca, Mg. HCO⁻₃ SO²⁻₄, Cl⁻ and U (total or filtered, < 0.45 μm). Some ICP-MS scans of trace elements were also undertaken with particular reference being made to Re and U.Specific features of the sequence of water accumulation, release and reconstitution of Djalkmarra Billabong are able to show that U is effectively removed from solution, from about 50 ppb down to < 1 ppb. Soluble salts may remain in the water column and are removed by dilution following discharge to Magela Creek. Sediment levels show no increase in U concentration with time.The pH of the billabong water during releases (6.0–6.6) suggests that cationic forms of U, such as (UO₂)₃ (OH)⁵, predominate, favouring adsorption on to the humic-rich sediments of the natural wetland. The application of this principle enables U to be removed efficiently from waste water and to be contained within the mine lease.  相似文献   

Stable carbon isotope evidence for tracing the diet of the host <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hepialus</Emphasis> larva of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordyceps sinensis</Emphasis> in the Tibetan Plateau     

Di Chen  JianPing Yuan  ShiPing Xu  XiaoGang Zhou  Yan Zhang  XiaoMing Xu  ZhiWen Zou  GuRen Zhang  JiangHai Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(5):655-659

Two types of Hepialus larvae with different diets were distinguished in the Sejila Mountain, Tibetan Plateau based on the stable carbon isotope data of the host Hepialus larva of Cordyceps sinensis and its closely adjacent tender plant roots and humus fractions. Type I is the larva chiefly fed by soil humus, and characterized by the δ ¹³C values of −22.6‰ to −23.4‰, and more than −23.4‰ in its heads. Type II is the larva chiefly fed by tender plant roots, and characterized by the δ ¹³C values of −24.6‰ to −27.6‰, and less than −24.6‰ in its heads. Our result has exceeded the traditional understanding that their food sources only come from the tender plant roots, and may provide evidence for choosing cheap and high-quality foods and further establishing artificial habitats in their large-scale reproduction. Supported by the National Key Technology R & D Program (Grant No. 2007BAI32B05)  相似文献