Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of 1994 Lake Winnipeg cores   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. E. Vance  A. M. Telka 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,19(3):329-334

Conventional radiocarbon dating of Lake Winnipeg core samples has produced erroneously old ages due to the incorporation of pre-Quaternary carbon derived from carbonaceous rocks, soils and sediments in the watershed, as well as a hard-water effect resulting from leaching of calcareous rocks and soils. To circumvent these problems and develop a reliable chronology for the Lake Winnipeg core series, a total of 64 samples from the Lake Winnipeg core series were processed to isolate well preserved macrofossils suitable for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Here we report six radiocarbon ages derived from plant macrofossils and ostracodes, and reconstruct aspects of the depositional environment of each sample based on the associated macrofossil assemblage.  相似文献   

早白垩世Ruffordia goepperti的原位孢子及与分散孢子的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓胜徽 《地质论评》1998,44(3):243-248

海金沙特的Ｒｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａ ｇｏｅｐｐｅｒｔｉ（Ｄｕｎｋｅｒ）Ｓｅｗａｒｄ是世界上早白垩世极为重要的蕨类植物。通过对比发现,Ｒｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａ ｇｏｅｐｐｅｒｔｉ原位孢子的形态和细微纹饰与地层中分散孢子Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｏｏｋｓｏｎ）Ｐｏｔｏｎｉｅ和Ｃ．ｍｉｎｏｒ（Ｂｏｌｃｈ．）Ｐｏｃｏｃｋ一致,而且大化石与分散孢子的地史、地理分布范围也相同,  相似文献   

Topographically moderated soil water seasons impact vegetation dynamics in semiarid mountain catchments: Illustrations from the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed,Idaho, USA     

Michael J. Poulos  Toni J. Smith  Shawn G. Benner  Jennifer L. Pierce  Alejandro N. Flores  Mark S. Seyfried  James P. McNamara 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14421

Water stored in soils, in part, controls vegetation productivity and the duration of growing seasons in wildland ecosystems. Soil water is the dynamic product of precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil properties, all of which vary across complex terrain making it challenging to decipher the specific controls that soil water has on growing season dynamics. We assess how soil water use by plants varies across elevations and aspects in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho, USA, a mountainous, semiarid catchment that spans low elevation rain to high elevation snow regimes. We compare trends in soil water and soil temperature with corresponding trends in insolation, precipitation and vegetation productivity, and we observe trends in the timing, rate and duration of soil water extraction by plants across ranges in elevation and aspect. The initiation of growth-supporting conditions, indicated by soil warming, occurs 58 days earlier at lower, compared with higher, elevations. However, growth-supporting conditions also end earlier at lower elevations due to the onset of soil water depletion 29 days earlier than at higher elevations. A corresponding shift in peak NDVI timing occurs 61 days earlier at lower elevations. Differences in timing also occur with aspect, with most threshold timings varying by 14–30 days for paired north- and south-facing sites at similar elevations. While net primary productivity nearly doubles at higher elevations, the duration of the warm-wet period of active water use does not vary systematically with elevation. Instead, the greater ecosystem productivity is related to increased soil water storage capacity, which supports faster soil water use and growth rates near the summer solstice and peak insolation. Larger soil water storage does not appear to extend the duration of the growing season, but rather supports higher growing season intensity when wet-warm soil conditions align with high insolation. These observations highlight the influence of soil water storage capacity in dictating ecological function in these semiarid steppe climatic regimes.  相似文献   

Ecophysiological characteristics of invasive Spartina alterniflora and native species in salt marshes of Yangtze River estuary,China     

Li-Fen Jiang  Yi-Qi Luo  Jia-Kuan Chen  Bo Li 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Biological invasions represent one of the significant components of global change. A comparative study of invaders and co-occurring natives is a useful approach to gaining insights into the invasiveness of exotic plants. Spartina alterniflora, a C₄ grass, is a widespread invader in the coastal wetlands in China and other regions of the world. We conducted a comparative study of S. alterniflora and native C₃ species, Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter, in terms of their gas exchange and efficiencies in resource utilization. We tested the hypothesis that S. alterniflora has growth-related ecophysiological advantages over the natives in its non-native range, which result in its rapid growth and enhance its invasiveness. Photosynthesis, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), and the efficiency of resource use (light, water, and nitrogen) were examined monthly for eight months in 2004. Overall, S. alterniflora had greater LAI, higher maximal net photosynthetic rate (A_max), and longer growing season than those of the native species. On average, the efficiencies of S. alterniflora in light, water, and nitrogen utilization were respectively 10.1%, 26.1%, and 33.1% higher than those of P. australis, and respectively 70.3%, 53.5%, 28.3% higher than those of S. mariqueter. However, SLA of S. alterniflora was significantly lower than those of P. australis and S. mariqueter. Although there was no general pattern in the relationship between invasiveness and plant photosynthetic types, in this study, most of the ecophysiological characteristics that gave S. alterniflora a competitive advantage in the Yangtze River estuary were associated with photosynthetic pathways. Our results offer a greater understanding of the relationship between invasiveness and plant photosynthetic type. Our results also indicate that LAI and the length of the photosynthetic season, which vary with habitats, are also important in invasion success.  相似文献   

Integration of InVEST-habitat quality model with landscape pattern indexes to assess mountain plant biodiversity change: A case study of Bailongjiang watershed in Gansu Province   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Gong  Jie  Xie  Yuchu  Cao  Erjia  Huang  Qiuyan  Li  Hongying 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(7):1193-1210

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Mountains in western China, hosted rich biodiversity and millions of people and inhabitant with vital ecosystem services, had experienced the most serious...  相似文献   

荒漠草原植物群落光合速率对水氮添加的响应     

李香云  岳平  郭新新  张蕊  赵生龙  张森溪  王少昆  左小安 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):116-124

氮沉降和降水格局改变对草原生态系统的结构、功能及关键过程具有重要影响。依托内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原研究站的全球变化实验平台，研究了氮添加和增减雨（+50%、-50%）及其交互作用对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征的影响，分析了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与植被特征的关系。结果表明：（1）短期氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征没有显著影响（P > 0.05）；（2）降水格局改变显著影响荒漠植物群落光合速率（P < 0.05），减雨50%显著降低了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和优势种植物高度（P < 0.05），而降水增加50%没有改变群落光合速率和植被特征，降水改变下的土壤水分能很好地解释群落光合速率；（3）氮添加和增加降水的交互效应显著提高了群落的光合速率和优势种植物高度（P < 0.05），而减少降水与氮添加没有显著影响；（4）荒漠草原植物群落盖度、优势种盖度、优势种平均高度与群落的光合速率呈现出指数增加关系，解释率为40%~58%。干旱极大地抑制荒漠草原植物群落光合速率，而氮沉降则依赖于降水增加来提高群落的光合速率，荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与水肥处理下的植物生长特征具有密切的关系。  相似文献   

不同植被盖度沙质草地生长季土壤水分动态   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王明明  刘新平  李玉霖  车力木格  罗永清  孙珊珊  魏静 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):54-61

水分是干旱半干旱沙地生态系统最大的限制因子，研究植被盖度和土壤水分之间的关系有助于沙地生态恢复和保护。基于生长季科尔沁沙质草地不同植被盖度下土壤水分动态和降水的观测试验，分析了沙质草地植被盖度和土壤水分的耦合关系。结果表明：在土壤剖面上土壤水分存在明显的分层结构，依次为水分剧变层（0~40 cm）、缓变层（40~100 cm）和稳定层（100~180 cm）；植被盖度对土壤水分有很大影响，不同植被盖度下土壤含水量存在显著差异，土壤水分与盖度之间呈倒“V”型关系，土壤水分状况在28%的盖度下最优；不同的植被盖度下土壤水分对降水的响应也存在差异，在13%盖度下响应最敏感，28%和46%的盖度下响应微弱，后二者的土壤水分也相对稳定。在沙地生态恢复建设过程中合理的植被盖度配置可提高降水利用效率，并能使土壤水分和植被达到一种良好的平衡状态，从而有利于生态系统的稳定。  相似文献   

Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine,Middle Benue Trough,Nigeria     

Nganje T.N.  Adamu C.I.  Ukpong E.E. 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):167-174

This study focused on the influence of base metal mining on heavy metal levels in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Nigeria. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) and plant samples were collected from cul-tivated farmlands in and around the mine, the unmineralized site and a nearby forest (the control site). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The physical properties of soils (pH and LOI) were also measured. Results showed that soils from cultivated farm-lands have neutral pH values (6.5-7.5), and low organic matter contents (10%). Levels of Zn, Pb and Cd in culti-vated soils were higher than the concentrations obtained from the control site. These heavy metals are most probably sourced from mining and agricultural activities in the study area. Heavy metal concentrations measured in plant parts decreased in the order of rice leavescassava tuberspeelings. In the same plant species, metal levels decreased in the order of ZnFeMnCuPbCrCd. Most heavy metals were found in plant parts at average concentrations normally observed in plants grown in uncontaminated soil, however, elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in a few cassava samples close to the mine dump. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil metal contents, pH and LOI as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake.  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠植物雾凇凝结特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周宏飞  周宝佳  代琼 《水科学进展》2010,21(1):56-62

古尔班通古特沙漠冬季稳定积雪期长,多雾凇天气.通过2007年11月~2008年3月在沙漠南缘的定位实验观测,发现植物雾凇凝结水总量平均为5.8 mm,占冬季降水量的21.8%,其中,沙漠区垄间和垄上植物雾凇凝结水总量分别是3.8 mm和9.1 mm,各占冬季降水量的14.4%和34.3%;植物雾凇凝结水量是雪面凝结水量的5倍;荒漠植物的雾凇凝结水可以增加古尔班通古特沙漠冬季植被分布区域水资源量.雾凇形成的最大风速一般小于3m/s;-15℃~-20℃是雾凇形成次数最多的气温区间,占全部雾凇日数的24.3%,气温低于-30℃时雾凇凝结量显著减少;观测期雾凇形成时大气最大相对湿度小于80%的日数占冬季雾凇日数的41%.低温、高湿、低风速的气象条件,加之梭梭枝条的细直径和针状叶特征,是古尔班通古特沙漠冬季具有丰富植物雾凇凝结水的重要原因.  相似文献   

XX核电厂附近海域生态环境及潜在致灾生物研究     

张文斌  孙伟  许歆  王洪波  郑碧琪  鲁超  李靖  穆景利 《海洋科学》2022,46(7)

为了了解XX核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了四个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻,其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母和薮枝螅水母。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹、长吻沙蚕和丝异须虫。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁XX核电厂冷源安全的潜在致灾生物。海地瓜、棘刺锚参、海葵和球型侧腕水母的风险等级较高,其分布主要受温度和盐度的影响。后续工作中,XX核电厂应根据潜在致灾生物与环境因子的关系加强暴发机制研究、提升监测预警能力,并优化驱赶消杀技术和干扰体系,为核电厂冷源安全提供理论和技术保障。  相似文献