FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANGShi-yu XIAOHan-liang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):259-261

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.  相似文献   

Cosmological constraints from Chandra X-ray observations of galaxy clusters     

S.W. Allen 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,285(1):247-256

Chandra X-ray observations of rich, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters allow the properties of the X-ray gas and the total gravitating mass to be determined precisely. Here, we discuss how Chandra observations may be used as a powerful tool for cosmological studies. By combining Chandra X-ray results on the X-ray gas mass fractions in clusters with independent measurements of the Hubble constant and the mean baryonic matter density of the universe, we obtain a tight constraint on the mean total matter density of the universe, Ο_m, and an interesting constraint on the cosmological constant, Ο_Λ. Using these results, together with the observed local X-ray luminosity function of the most X-ray luminous galaxy clusters, a mass-luminosity relation determined from Chandra and ROSAT X-ray data and weak gravitational lensing observations, and the mass function predicted by numerical simulations, we obtain a precise constraint on the normalization of the power spectrum of density fluctuations in the nearby universe,σ₈. We compare our results with those obtained from other, independent methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Transient chaos and resonant phase mixing in violent relaxation     

Henry E. Kandrup  Ileana M. Vass  Ioannis V. Sideris 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(3):927-936

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Wavelet analysis of inter‐annual variability in the runoff regimes of glacial and nival stream catchments,Bow Lake,Alberta     

Melissa Lafrenire  Martin Sharp 《水文研究》2003,17(6):1093-1118

Continuous wavelet analyses of hourly time series of air temperature, stream discharge, and precipitation are used to compare the seasonal and inter‐annual variability in hydrological regimes of the two principal streams feeding Bow Lake, Banff National Park, Alberta: the glacial stream draining the Wapta Icefields, and the snowmelt‐fed Bow River. The goal is to understand how water sources and flow routing differ between the two catchments. Wavelet spectra and cross‐wavelet spectra were determined for air temperature and discharge from the two streams for summers (June–September) 1997–2000, and for rainfall and discharge for the summers of 1999 and 2000. The diurnal signal of the glacial runoff was orders of magnitude higher in 1998 than in other years, indicating that significant ice exposure and the development of channelized glacial drainage occurred as a result of the 1997–98 El Niño conditions. Early retreat of the snowpack in 1997 and 1998 led to a significant summer‐long input of melt runoff from a small area of ice cover in the Bow River catchment; but such inputs were not apparent in 1999 and 2000, when snow cover was more extensive. Rainfall had a stronger influence on runoff and followed quicker flow paths in the Bow River catchment than in the glacial catchment. Snowpack thickness and catchment size were the primary controls on the phase relationship between temperature and discharge at diurnal time scales. Wavelet analysis is a fast and effective means to characterize runoff, temperature, and precipitation regimes and their interrelationships and inter‐annual variability. The technique is effective at identifying inter‐annual and seasonal changes in the relative contributions of different water sources to runoff, and changes in the time required for routing of diurnal meltwater pulses through a catchment. However, it is less effective at identifying changes/differences in the type of the flow routing (e.g. overland flow versus through flow) between or within catchments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Uses and limitations of relativistic jet proper motions: lessons from Galactic microquasars     

R. P. Fender 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,340(4):1353-1358

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On the self-consistency of evolutionary synthesis models     

Miguel Cerviño 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):897-900

Evolutionary synthesis models have been used to study the physical properties of unresolved populations in a wide range of scenarios. Unfortunately, their self-consistency is difficult to test and there are some theoretical open questions without an answer: (1) The change of the homology relations assumed in the computation of isochrones due to the effect of stellar winds (or rotation) and the discontinuities in the stellar evolution are not considered. (2) There is no consensus about how the isochrones must be integrated. (3) The discreteness of the stellar populations (that produce an intrinsic statistical dispersion) usually are not taken into account, and model results are interpreted in a deterministic way instead of a statistical one. The objective of this contribution is to present some inconsistencies in the computation and some cautions in the application of the results of such codes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

On the universal outcome of star formation: is there a link between stars and brown dwarfs?     

Pavel Kroupa †  Jerome Bouvier  Gaspard Duchêne  Estelle Moraux 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,346(2):354-368

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A high-resolution rotation curve of NGC 6822: a test-case for cold dark matter     

D. T. F. Weldrake  W. J. G. de Blok †  F. Walter 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,340(1):12-28

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Impersonal parameters from Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams     

R. E. Wilson  Jarrod R. Hurley 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,344(4):1175-1186

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Origin of the metallicity distribution of the NGC 5128 stellar halo     

K. Bekki  William E. Harris  Gretchen L. H. Harris 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,338(3):587-598

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