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981.
LI Qiugen LIU Shuwen HAN Baofu WANG Yueran & DANG Qingning The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(10)
Clastic sedimentary rocks record a number of in-formation about the compositions and paleoweathering conditions of the source areas, and the tectonic setting of the depositional basin[1―6]. The traditionallypetrological study commonly utilizes the major com-ponents (Quartz, Feldspar and Lithics) of the silici-clastic sedimentary rocks to investigate the source rock composition and tectonic setting[7]. However, thepetrological method is somewhat limited, because many of the mafic components f… 相似文献
982.
Vertical dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of urban lower boundary layer and its relationship with aerosol concentration over Beijing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
By utilizing observational data from a 325 m tower of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on March 19-29, 2001 and August 11-25, 2003, a comprehensive study was conducted on the vertical dynamical and thermodynamic characteristics of the urban lower boundary layer (ULBL) and its relationship with aerosol concentration over Beijing. Firstly, a comparative analysis was made on the gradient data (wind, temperature and humidity), ultrasonic data (atmospheric turbulences) and air-quality observations at different tower heights (47, 120 and 280 m). Secondly, a diagnosis was made to reveal the major features of normalized variances of velocity and temperature, turbulence kinetic energy as well as their relationship with aerosol concentrations. Furthermore, the characteristics of the ULBL vertical structure and the TSP concentration/distribution variations during a sand/dust weather process were also analyzed. The outcome of the study showed that under unstable stratification, the normalized variances of velocity (σu/u*, σv/u*, σw/u*) and temperature (σT/T*) at 47 and 120 m heights fit the Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) framework and the fitting formulas were given out accordingly. According to the stratification parameter (z′/L), the stable ULBL could be divided into 2 zones. With z′/L<0.1, it was a weakly stable zone and MOS framework was applicable. The other was a highly stable zone with z′/L>0.1 and the normalized velocity variances tended to increase along with higher stability, but it remained constant for normalized temperature variances. At daytime, the near-surface layer includes two heights of 47 and 120 m, while 280 m has been above it. The ULBL analysis in conjunction with a sand/dust weather process in Beijing in March 2001 indicated that the maximum concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) at 320 m reached 913.3 μg/m3 and the particles were transported from the upper to lower ULBL, which was apparently related to the development process of a low-level jet and its concomitant strong sinking motion. 相似文献
983.
对东北四海龙湾玛珥湖SHLF6孔纹层沉积物的137Cs放射性测量表明:137Cs比活度的最大值出现在55cm处,对应于1963年世界原子弹试爆高峰期。纹层计年表明0~6cm共有35个纹层层偶。从75cm到65cm,137Cs比活度从256±009dpm/g急剧增加到1868±017dpm/g,可能65cm对应于1954年。通过测量226Ra子核214Pb和214Bi(能量为295keV,352keV和609keV)放射的光子数获得226Ra比活度数据,然后求得过剩210Pb比活度(210Pbuns)。210Pbuns比活度随深度增加而呈指数衰减,其异常波动可能与人类活动以及沉积速率变化有关,例如55cm处210Pb比活度较高,与137Cs的峰值对应,这可能与1963年前后人工核实验的高峰有关,因为核试验不仅产生137Cs,而且可以产生208Pb和210Pb;45cm处210Pb比活度较低,而226Ra较高,可能与人类活动加剧,导致沉积速率增加有关。根据210PbunsCRS模式,SHLF6孔0~19cm的平均沉积速率为20mg/cm2·a,或约为011cm/a。210Pb测年数据与137Cs时标及纹层计年均有很好的一致性。四海龙湾玛珥湖发育的纹层为年纹层,可以建立高分辨率时间序列。 相似文献
984.
985.
三峡水库区巫山新县域库岸综合治理工程范围内涉及到滑坡、泥石流、塌岸等多种地质灾害。治理工程综合运用了多种技术与结构措拖,工程的复杂性和典型性在整个三峡库区具有极强的代表意义。笔者对整个治理方案的布置情况进行了归纳总结,并以翔实的第一手资料对治理工程设计过程中出现的几种典型问题一一进行了分析与论述.提出了相应的解决方案与合理化建议。结论认为,库岸综合治理工作,必须根据不同的地形特征,结合城区总体布局及沿线市政工程建设,综合考虑,有机结合,做到治理和利用相结合,最大限度地改善新城建设用地环境和城市生态环境。设计人员必须依照现场实际条件进行动态设计,确保工程方案合理、可靠、经济。文中讨论的问题和实践经检对同类工程具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
986.
987.
Land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: classification and evaluation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Land degradation imposes a great threat to the world. It is not merely an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. Land desertification is among the main aspects of environment changes in the source region of the Yellow River. Previous studies focused on water resource utilization and soil erosion, but land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River even the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received little attention. Based on the data obtained by field investigation and TM satellite images of 2000, this study provides the classification and evaluation information of the land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. There are six types of land degradation in this region: water erosion in the northern mountains around the Gonghe Basin, sandy desertification in the Gonghe Basin and Upland Plain Area, aridization in the lower reaches, salinization in the Gonghe Basin, vegetation degradation in the intramontance basin and freezing and thawing erosion in the high mountains. The total degraded area is 34,429.6 km2, making up 37.5% of the land in the study area. Finally, land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River was evaluated according to changes in the physical structure and chemical component of soils, land productivity, secondary soil salt and water conditions. 相似文献
988.
989.
本文综合运用不同时代幔源包体平衡温压对比、玄武岩地球化学性质对岩石圈厚度的反演以及不同时代岩石圈地幔地球化学性质的对比的方法,把华北地块东部岩石圈的减薄时间限定在晚中生代至新生代之间。减薄的机制可能是华北东部地区晚白垩世以来大陆岩石圈的拉张作用。由于机械性拉薄和热、机械和化学侵蚀作用,岩石圈厚度最终减薄到70km以下。但古老的岩石圈地幔并没有完全因减薄而消失,残留部分受到了来自软流圈物质的强烈改造,使其Sr、Nd同位素组成类似于软流圈,但Os同位素没有受到明显的改变。改造后的岩石圈地幔成为华北地块东部新生代岩石圈地幔的主体。在时空上,岩石圈的减薄具有不均一的性质。 相似文献
990.
Thermodel for Windows系统的模拟及实例研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thermodel for Windows是一个在结构上由盆地尺度上的古温标热历史正、反演和岩石圈尺度上的盆地构造一热演化模拟两部分构成。通过对Thermodel for Windows系统模拟方法的研究及其主要组件的功能和数据的输入方法等的了解,分析了本系统的优缺点。通过对沁水盆地T1003号孔的实例研究,介绍了利用镜质体反射率(R0)反演非稳态热状态条件下盆地的热流史和地层的剥蚀量,进而重建盆地内地层热历史的工作方法和技巧。对盆地地热史软件的进一步开发和盆地地热演化史的研究具有较大的应用意义。 相似文献