BDS/GPS载波相位定位病态性对比分析     

邱晓璐  刘根友  段鹏硕  王彬彬  沙文东 《测绘科学》2015,40(7):24-28

针对BDS/GPS载波相位定位的病态性问题,该文提出了采用条件数法对比分析BDS/GPS在我国不同地区、不同时段载波相位定位病态性及其在8个地面站的定位精度因子PDOP值变化情况,其中PDOP值能够反映单点定位的病态性。研究结果表明:BDS在我国大部分地区可用性良好,且其平均PDOP值随纬度的增大而线性增加;然而,BDS导航定位的病态性程度比GPS更为严重,BDS载波相位定位病态性程度不仅随观测时长变化,还与所处的位置变化有关,而GPS几乎不受观测地点的影响。研究成果可在BDS/GPS模糊度的快速、准确固定方面提供参考。  相似文献   

基于动态阈值的HJ-1B图像云检测算法研究     

韩杰  杨磊库  李慧芳  梁洪有  马晓红  谢玉娟 《国土资源遥感》2012,(2):12-18

针对环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座1B星(HJ-1B)的传感器波段特征,通过对云检测阈值的年度波动性分析,提出了一种基于波谱标准差异常的“动态阈值云检测算法”.该算法的实现主要是采用图像配准、波段运算、线性回归和误差分析等方法,获取云异常区域,进而剔除图像中的云像元.研究结果表明,该算法可以很好地检测出不同时相、不同类型下垫面上空的云像元,为有效利用HJ-1B数据并提高其图像分类精度发挥作用.  相似文献   

初值影响下误差分配的微观结构     

何珊  陈锴  李婷  鹿荻 《测绘科学》2012,37(2):123-125

测量数据处理中,初值对平差结果存在很大的影响,其机理影响设计矩阵的数值特征,进而影响误差的分配结构。本文着力于大地测边控制网的模拟分析,研究初值如何影响误差分配。结果表明,在奇异的网形结构下,初值越靠近真实值,对随机误差的放大作用越大。初值对线性化误差存在影响,在图形最弱方向上,线性化误差影响最大,且误差影响随初值靠近真值而减小。平差结果是随机误差的放大倍率与线性化误差的综合作用的结果,其准确度取决于线性化误差与随机误差的平衡性。  相似文献   

基于SPOT5遥感影像的浅层滑坡体自动提取方法     

杨树文  谢飞  韩惠  冯光胜 《测绘科学》2012,(1):71-73,88

本文在前人研究的基础上,对浅层滑坡体的提取方法进行了改进。首先利用改进的MSAVI算法提取SPOT5影像中的裸地信息,进而对提取的结果进行去阴影、坡度筛选、形态学滤波、栅-矢转换、面积和顺坡性筛选,并基于改进的多峰直方图阈值自动选取算法实现了滑坡体信息的自动提取。经过实验比较表明,改进的方法既有效地去除非滑坡体等干扰信息,又真正实现了滑坡体信息的自动提取,从而极大地提高了已发生滑坡体的识别、提取效率和精度。  相似文献   

Environmental ethics and regional sustainable development     

ZHENG Du  DAI Erfu 《地理学报》2012,22(1):86-92

The scientific environmental ethics plays a key role in the recognition of the human- environment interactions. Modern environmental ethics is the philosophical re-thinking of modern human race environmental behavior. The development of environmental ethics theory, as well as its application in reality, determines the viewpoints of environmental ethics. Sustainable development implies harmony on human-environment interactions and inter- generation responsibility, with emphasis on a harmonious relationship among population, resources, environment and development, so as to lay a sustainable and healthy foundation of resources and environment for future generations. The harmonious society construction in China that is raised by the Chinese central government should be covered by environmental ethics. The connotation of open environmental ethics includes a respect for nature, care for the individual human race, and respect for the development of future generations, which means giving consideration to natural values, individual and human race benefits and welfare across generations. The role of environmental ethics in regional development consists of cognition, criticism, education, inspiration, adjusting, legislation and promoting environmental regulations. The major problems in regional development are extensive resource exploration, fast population growth, irrational industrial structure, unfair welfare distribution and the twofold effects of science and technology development. The formulation of environmental ethics that aims at regional sustainable development, can not only harmonize the relationship of population, resource, environment and economic development, but also guide behavior selection, push social and political system transformation, strengthen the legal system, and raise environmental awareness of the public.  相似文献   

中国自然文化遗产的价值体系及保护利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈耀华  刘强 《地理研究》2012,31(6):1111-1120

对自然文化遗产价值的正确认识是处理遗产地保护和利用关系的基础,也是解决遗产地"城市化、商业化、人工化"的前提。本文在梳理国内外对自然文化遗产价值的诸多认识的基础上,依据系统论观点,提出了中国自然文化遗产价值是由"本底价值、直接应用价值和间接衍生价值"构成的"价值体系"。该体系具有明显的层次性,其中本底价值是所有价值存在的基础,这决定了遗产资源必须在保护的前提下才能合理利用;该体系也有空间性,三种价值主要分别存在于遗产地范围以内、遗产地及相邻区域、遗产地范围以外的更大的区域。于是,对自然文化遗产的保护和利用要坚持三个基本原则:严格保护本底价值,确保遗产的真实性和完整性不受损害;适度利用直接应用价值,做到功能综合利用、产品综合开发、产业综合发展;大力发展间接衍生价值,充分发挥其空间结构关联效应和产业发展乘数效应,从而达到带动遗产地所在区域社会、经济发展的目的。  相似文献   

昆仑山北麓克里雅绿洲生态服务价值对土地利用变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜  海米提·依米提  迪拉娜·尼加提  魏彬 《地理科学》2012,(9):1148-1154

基于1991、2002与2008年卫星遥感资料,采用中国陆地生态系统的服务价值测算方法,分析克里雅绿洲土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值与结构的影响。研究表明:①研究区生态服务价值从1991年的144 224.8万元降到2008年的128 716.3万元,生态服务价值损失10.8%,每年净损失生态服务价值达24.2元/hm2。生态服务总价值的减少主要是由湿地、水域总面积的减少而导致的;②研究区各生态服务功能对区域总生态服务价值贡献率由高到低依次为:废物处理、土壤形成、生物多样性保护、水源涵养、气候调价、气体调价、食物生产、娱乐休闲和原材料;③研究区生态服务价值对生态服务功能指数缺乏弹性。  相似文献   

基于全球转移的乐器制造业价值链空间分布——以钢琴制造业为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱华友  刘金俭 《世界地理研究》2012,(1):93-99

作为一个发展成熟的全球性产业,乐器制造业也正经历着快速的发展和演变。鉴于作为乐器之王的钢琴在乐器中的地位,本文以钢琴为例,研究全球乐器产业的转移及价值活动分布。研究认为,钢琴制造业了5次全球转移,即西欧内部的转移、由欧洲向美国的转移、由美国向西欧和日本的转移、由日本向东亚的转移和由韩国向东亚的转移,形成了当前的全球价值分布格局,即全球钢琴制造业价值量分布整体上呈现阶梯状分布的格局,以欧美为第一阶梯,日本和韩国为第二阶梯,中国为第三阶梯。在研发、核心产品设计及品牌等的核心竞争力上表现更是如此。基于上述研究,论文最后对我国的乐器制造业发展提出了一些思考。  相似文献   

山岳旅游地生态服务价值时空分异及其与环境因子关系——以武夷山风景名胜区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

游巍斌  何东进  巫丽芸  洪伟  詹仕华  黄德华  覃德华  游惠明 《山地学报》2012,(1):113-120

以山岳型旅游地武夷山风景名胜区为例,估算了风景区景观生态服务价值,分析1986年、1997年、2009年风景区景观生态服务价值时空变化特征,并运用相关分析和逐步回归分析方法对生态服务价值与环境因子的关系进行了探讨,以期揭示风景区景观生态服务价值与环境因子间的作用规律。结果表明:1.武夷山风景名胜区景观类型单位面积生态服务价值最高为水体(9 3707元/(hm2.a)),最低为裸地(354元/(hm2.a)),建设用地价值(12 000元/(hm2.a))仅高于裸地、农田、灌草等景观类型,杉木林、马尾松林、竹林、阔叶林等森林景观服务价值相差不大;2.风景区内景观生态服务价值在1986—1997年间服务价值有较大损失,在1997—2009年间得到一定程度弥补,但1986-2009年间景观生态服务价值变化呈亏损趋势,植被景观类型向建设用地的转变导致景观生态服务价值的降低;3.风景区内景观类型生态服务价值与环境因子(坡向除外)间呈现中等相关性,其中,郁闭度与生态服务价值相关系数最高(0.7**),环境因子中蓄积量与郁闭度相关系数最高(0.86**);4.植被景观生态服务价拟合结果(R2=0.7524,p<0.0001)值优于非植被景观(R2=0.5370,p<0.0001),拟合效果能较好地揭示景观类型生态服务价值与环境因子间的数量关系。  相似文献   

1961-2010年三江源地区气温变化与突变分析(英文)     

易湘生  李国胜  尹衍雨 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(3):451-469

In this study, a monthly dataset of temperature time series (1961-2010) from 12 meteorological stations across the Three-River Headwater Region of Qinghai Province (THRHR) was used to analyze the climate change. The temperature variation and abrupt change analysis were examined by using moving average, linear regression, Spline interpo-lation, Mann-Kendall test and so on. Some important conclusions were obtained from this research, which mainly contained four aspects as follows. (1) There were several cold and warm fluctuations for the annual and seasonal average temperature in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions, but the temperature in these regions all had an obviously rising trend at the statistical significance level, especially after 2001. The spring, summer, autumn and annual average temperature increased evidently after the 1990s, and the winter average temperature exhibited an obvious upward trend after entering the 21st century. Except the standard value of spring temperature, the annual and seasonal temperature standard value in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions increased gradually, and the upward trend for the standard value of winter average temperature indicated significantly. (2) The tendency rate of annual average temperature in the THRHR was 0.36℃10a?1, while the tendency rates in the Yellow River Headwater Region (YERHR), Lancangjiang River Headwater Region (LARHR) and Yangtze River Headwater Region (YARHR) were 0.37℃10a?1, 0.37℃10a?1 and 0.34℃10a?1 respectively. The temperature increased significantly in the south of Yushu County and the north of Nangqian County. The rising trends of temperature in winter and autumn were higher than the upward trends in spring and summer. (3) The abrupt changes of annual, summer, autumn and winter average temperature were found in the THRHR, LARHR and YARHR, and were detected for the summer and autumn average temperature in the YERHR. The abrupt changes of annual and summer average temperatures were mainly in the late 1990s, while the abrupt changes of autumn and winter average temperatures ap-peared primarily in the early 1990s and the early 21st century respectively. (4) With the global warming, the diversities of altitude and underlying surface in different parts of the Tibetan Plateau were possibly the main reasons for the high increasing rate of temperature in the THRHR.  相似文献