地震观测中的防雷技术     

邹振轩 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,26(1):106-110

作者在地震观测台站建设的实践基础上,提供一套完整而易于操作的防雷设计和运行解决方法来保护地震观测系统,使通信线路、设备正常运行。  相似文献   

SURFACE OZONE CHARACTERISTICS AT THREE STATIONS IN GAW OF WMO IN CHINA^*     

DING Guoan  XU Xiaobin  LUO Chao  TANG Jie  XIANG Rongbiao  YAN Peng  LI Xingsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(1):21-28

The characteristics of surface O₃ on clear days at Waliguan Observatory,Lin'an regional station and Longfengshan regional station in China were analyzed in this paper.The three stations belong to Global Atmospheric Watch(GAW)of WMO.There was obvious daily variation on clear days at Lin'an.with maximum(42.9 ppb)and minimum(20.3 ppb)of daily range appearing in spring and summer,respectively.The daily variation was more regular at Lonfengshan than at Lin'an.The maximum(about 27 ppb)appeared in autumn at Longfengshan.There was no obvious daily variation and also daily range was smaller in other seasons except weaker daily variation in summer at Waliguan.But the surface O₃ concentration(SOC)in summer was higher than that in winter at Waliguan.The SOC on clear days of summer at Waliguan was over 20 ppb higher than at Longfengshan and Lin'an.The global radiation and NO_x concentration were the main factors which control the SOC on clear days at Longfengshan and Lin'an.and played important role in different seasons and areas.The transportation of air flow around the area of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau was the main cause for high SOC and weak daily variation in summer at Waliguan.The similar effect of transportation was obtained at the Mauna Loa Observatory.The distribution characteristics of SOC increasing with height in the troposphere determined the difference of SOC between East China and West China.  相似文献   

热带低层大气30～60天低频动能的年际变化与ENSO循环   总被引：17，自引：7，他引：10  

龙振夏  李崇银 《大气科学》2001,25(6):798-808

利用NCEP再分析资料,通过统计相关及合成分析研究了热带大气季节内振荡(ISO)的年际变化与ENSO循环之间的关系.结果表明,热带大气季节内振荡(也称30～60天低频振荡)的年际变化在热带中西太平洋地区最强.在ElNino成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋的30～60天振荡异常活跃,其动能明显增加且逐渐东移;在E1Nino成熟以后,热带西太平洋大气30～60天低频振荡迅速减弱.与这种加强的30～60天振荡相伴随,在赤道北侧为异常的气旋式环流,赤道地区出现偏西风异常.相反,在LaNina成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋大气30～60天振荡偏弱.进一步的分析还发现,东亚冬季风的年际变化是引起热带大气30～60天振荡的年际变化的主要机制:强东亚冬季风导致热带西太平洋积云对流加强,从而引起热带西太平洋大气30～60天振荡加强;相反,对应于弱的东亚冬季风,热带西太平洋地区积云对流偏弱,大气30～60天振荡偏弱.作者的资料分析还证实,热带大气30～60天低频振荡的年际变化,作为一种外强迫,对ElNino的形成起着十分重要的作用.  相似文献   

三明市汛期中尺度降水的若干特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹长根  吴家富  刘彩青 《气象》2000,26(6):52-54

利用 1980～ 1998年三明市 11个站 5～ 6月 16 2个暴雨日的逐时降水资料 ,分析了汛期暴雨日雨团和强雨团的时空分布、移动规律、降水过程与影响系统以及地形的作用等 ,揭示出该市汛期中尺度降水的若干特征和活动规律  相似文献   

春运期大气15—25天振荡的传播与江苏连阴雨（雪）过程   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

欧阳玫君  胡洛林 《气象科学》2000,20(1):90-95

本文对６年春运期江苏附近几个经圈和纬圈８５０ｈＰａ温度格点序列, 分别计算１５－２５天带通滤波。结果表明１１０°Ｅ和３５°Ｎ剖面的低频波与江苏连阴 雨（雪）天气过程有较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

玉林市低温、霜冻的统计分析     

肖世芳  匡昭敏 《气象研究与应用》2000,21(1):22-24

通过对玉林市各站建站至1999年12月的霜冻及低温日(日极端最低气温≤5℃的低温天气)天气的分析,得出了平均初、终霜日的出现日期和平均低温日的开始和终止日期。  相似文献   

Seasonal length-of-day changes and atmospheric angular momentum oscillations in their temporal variability     

J. Höpfner 《Journal of Geodesy》2000,74(3-4):335-358

Recently, effective atmospheric-angular-momentum (AAM) functions as calculated from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (formerly National Meteorological Center, NMC) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Reanalyses have become available for the years 1958 to 1998. Concerning the wind terms, the top level in the atmosphere used here is 10 hPa. Compared with earlier NMC model versions, which incorporate wind fields up to 100 hPa since 1976 and up to 50 hPa since 1981, the reanalyses have produced improved data series over a longer period than before. The axial AAM component χ₃ is associated with changes in length of day (LOD). Motivated by better quality and continuity of the series AAM (NCEP) Reanalysis, the problem of the seasonal imbalances in the solid Earth–atmosphere axial angular momentum budget is re-examined. To assess better the estimates of the annual and semiannual oscillations in LOD and AAM and of the residual oscillations derived as difference series between LOD and AAM, the series of LOD data from three analysis centers [International Earth Rotation Service (IERS), GeoForschungZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena (JPL)] and of AAM data in terms of χ₃(W), χ₃(P) and χ₃(P+IB) from four meteorological centers [NCEP, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the UK Meteorological Office (UKMO)] are used in this study. The main analysis steps were removing gaps, filtering out the seasonal oscillations, calculating optimal estimates of the parameters of the oscillations and calculating the difference series between the LOD and AAM systems as well as the residuals in the axial angular momentum budget in the LOD–AAM systems. The results derived as difference series between the different LOD, AAM and LOD–AAM systems show to what extent the variations reflect systematic differences and significant signals, respectively, which is important for future activities in this field. Received: 2 February 1999 / Accepted: 30 November 1999  相似文献   

Secular changes of LOD associated with a growth of the inner core     

C. Denis  K. R. Rybicki  P. Varga 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2006,327(4):309-313

From recent estimates of the age of the inner core based on the theory of thermal evolution of the core, we estimate that nowadays the growth of the inner core may perhaps contribute to the observed overall secular increase of LOD caused mainly by tidal friction (i.e., 1.72 ms per century) by a relative decrease of 2 to 7 µs per century. Another, albeit much less plausible, hypothesis is that crystallization of the inner core does not produce any change of LOD, but makes the inner core rotate differentially with respect to the outer core and mantle. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

佳木斯市雷暴的气候特征及其成因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

初桂华 《黑龙江气象》2005,(2):1-1,3

根据佳木斯市常规地面气象观测记录,分析了雷暴的时空分布特征。雷暴主要集中在春夏之交及盛夏季节,且变化趋势比较平稳;地理分布是沿江低海拔地势,简要分析雷暴时空分布的原因。  相似文献   

重污染下我国中东部地区1960~2010年霾日数的时空变化特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

符传博  丹利 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(2):219-226

对1960~2010年我国中东部地区霾日数的时空变化特征的分析结果表明:1)霾日数大值区主要分布在人口众多的四川盆地、北京-天津-河北地区、长江中下游地区以及广东-广西中部。2)季节变化上,霾日数冬季较多,其中北京-天津-河北地区中部和西南部、四川盆地和东北地区东部和南部等地超过20 d,夏季最少。3)霾日数气候趋势系数在北京-天津-河北地区、长江三角洲地区和珠江三角洲地区趋势系数高达0.8。4)霾日数呈现明显的上升趋势[3.69 d(10 a)–1],其气候趋势系数为0.82,通过了99.9%的信度检验。5)我国中东部气溶胶光学厚度和对流层NO2的空间分布与年平均霾日数的分布基本一致,近51年来能源消耗量的稳定上升趋势也表明,人为因素导致的大气污染物排放量增加是引起霾天气出现频率上升的重要因素。  相似文献