惯性技术视角下动态重力测量技术评述(四):无陀螺惯性导航与重力梯度测量的融合          下载免费PDF全文

常国宾  李胜全 《海洋测绘》2014,34(6):8-12

加速度差分式重力梯度仪与无陀螺惯性导航系统都采用一组在三维空间中布置的加速度计,二者在硬件配置和工作原理层面都具有紧密联系。从比力测量的空间差分公式出发,详细推导了重力梯度测量和无陀螺惯性导航系统共同的工作原理,指出当前对后者的研究中存在的忽略重力梯度的问题,并论述了二者的融合应用。  相似文献   

Characteristics from a hydrodynamic model of a trapezoidal artificial reef   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜昭阳  梁振林  黄六一  刘扬  唐衍力 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1329-1338

Flume experiments and numerical simulation were conducted to characterize the hydrodynamics of a trapezoid artificial reef. Measurements in particle image velocimetry were conducted to observe the formation of upwelling and vortices; and forces for the reef model were measured by load cell. The results of flume experiments agree well with the numerical data. In addition, the flow structure around a reef combining trapezoidal and cubic blocks was simulated numerically under two deployment schemes, showing a more complicated flow structure than that of a stand-alone reef. Relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number suggest that the degree of turbulence can be assessed from the value of drag coefficient downstream from the reef. The role of the reef in water flow is to reduce flow velocity and generate turbulence.  相似文献   

Land-use change and socio-economic driving forces of rural settlement in China from 1996 to 2005     

Wei Song  Baiming Chen  Ying Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(5):511-524

While urbanization has accelerated, the rural population in China has started decreasing in recent years. However, the expan- sion of rural settlement has not been sufficiently curbed. The questions of why this has happened and who has driven the land-use change （LUC） of rural settlement in China have aroused great interests among researchers. In this paper, it is suggested that population is not always a positive driving force for the LUC of rural settlement in China. Furthermore, socio-economic driving forces other than urbanization, population and industrialization are analyzed. On a national scale, the major driving forces are the per-capita rural housing area and the cultivated land area. On a regional scale, the main driving forces in the eastern China are the house-building capacity of rural households and the per-capita rural housing area; while in the central China, the main driving forces are rural housing investment, the proportion of primary industry employees in the rural working population, and the cultivated land area. For the western China, the main driving forces are rural register population and cultivated land area.  相似文献   

基于ANN-CA的银川平原湿地景观演化驱动力情景模拟分析     

张美美  张荣群  郝晋珉  艾东 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(3):418-425

本文通过对湿地景观的时空动态发展过程其形成空间格局的分析,构建了基于ANN-CA的银川平原湿地景观时空模拟模型,并对湿地景观格局过程与主要驱动力因子间的响应关系进行了情景模拟。研究结果表明:年降水量对天然湿地中的河流湿地和湖泊湿地的驱动作用呈正相关关系,对水稻田和坑塘湿地的影响不显著;人口密度对人工湿地的驱动作用呈正相关,随着人口密度的增加,水稻田和坑塘向各个方向大面积蔓延,河流和湖泊等天然湿地的面积则逐渐减少;随着农业生产活动的加强、农业总产值的增加,河流和湖泊缓慢减少,水稻田和坑塘等人工湿地分布迅速扩张。  相似文献   

登陆台风 “凡亚比”（1011）合力散度分布及演变特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

许娈  高守亭  崔晓鹏  何金海 《大气科学》2014,38(1):110-120

本文利用1011号台风“凡亚比”高分辨率数值模拟资料及合力散度方程,诊断分析了“凡亚比”台风的合力散度水平分布及演变过程。首先将模拟的“凡亚比”生命史划分为五个阶段,然后计算各阶段整层垂直积分的合力散度,得到以下发现：在“凡亚比”快速增强阶段,台风中心附近首先出现合力辐合区,外围为合力辐散区;“凡亚比”成熟期和鼎盛期,合力辐合区呈现出以台风中心为圆心,半径约150 km的近似圆形分布,且中心附近辐合强度最大,向外逐渐减弱,外围合力辐散区呈螺旋云带状分布,宽度约200 km;“凡亚比”第一次登陆过程中,台风中心与合力辐合极值中心发生偏离,合力散度强度逐渐减小,对称结构被破坏;二次登陆后,辐散区迅速衰减甚至消失,但台风中心附近仍存在比较明显的合力辐合。“凡亚比”整个生命史中,合力辐合的平均强度普遍大于辐散的平均强度,前者与台风强度有显著的正相关关系。总体上,合力散度的强信号始终与台风环流系统相伴随,其演变能较好地反映出台风强度及结构的发展和演变。  相似文献   

核电站附近海域漂流海藻的漂移路径数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

关春江  王昆  田新华  徐鹏  陆宏亮  刘永健  赵行行  孔芳 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(2):229-239

研究核电站附近海域漂流海藻的漂流路径对保障核电站冷源安全具有重要意义。本研究根据辽东湾东部海域漂流海藻的分布特征,构建该海域的二维水动力和粒子追踪数值预测、预报模型,基于近年实际观测的海流和潮位数据,对水动力模型进行验证,并根据2019年5月至8月释放北斗和GPS浮标采集数据,对该海域相同工况下的海藻漂移路径进行校验,均吻合良好。同时,对该海域7月大潮期,取水口附近海域的海藻堵塞风险进行了模拟分析,得到各不同工况下,漂流海藻到达取水口定义威胁区范围内的时间。结果表明,该数值模型能够对漂流海藻的漂移路径进行准确模拟,可为科学规避或有效减轻漂流海藻对核电站冷源取水口的堵塞风险提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

快速城镇化背景下建设用地扩展驱动力研究述评与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张乐勤  陈素平  王文琴  许信旺 《干旱区地理》2013,36(1):164-175

 快速城镇化及经济发展背景下,我国建设用地扩展特征明显,建设用地扩展驱动力研究可为政府制定土地利用管控策略提供依据。采用文献分析法、归纳法,对已有研究成果进行了综述,综合分析表明：已有研究存在理论体系不健全;驱动因子遴选缺乏科学性;尺度界定不清晰;数据获取口径不一,遥感数据与统计数据不匹配;研究方法存在一定缺陷等不足与弊端。从人类与环境相互作用的系统观视角出发,加强学科交流,构建完整理论体系框架;注重驱动因子遴选的整体性、层次性、动态性、差异性;构建揭示空间异质差异的非线性模型,创建对模型可靠性和科学性进行检验方法;将数学模型方法、数据库技术和3S技术结合起来,创新研究方法;规范数据获取口径;加强时空尺度的敏感性研究;建设用地扩展对自然、社会经济反馈机制等方面进行了展望,以期为建设用地扩展驱动力进一步研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

长周期潮汐与全球地震能量释放          下载免费PDF全文

解朝娣  吴小平  雷兴林  冒蔚  孙楠 《地球物理学报》2013,56(10):3425-3433

采用1850-2012年期间USGS全球M≥5.0地震目录资料,构成全球地震能量-时间序列,进行小波变换和准周期分析. 结果表明,全球地震能量释放的时间序列存在9年、19年和45年的3个准周期,其中,45年准周期最为突出. 结合起潮力周期的物理背景,对长周期潮汐起潮力与地震能量释放准周期的关系进行了探讨,没有发现全球地震活动的能量释放与潮汐短周期相关的准周期.  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带安徽段中小地震震源机制及现代应力场特征          下载免费PDF全文

倪红玉  刘泽民  何康 《地震工程学报》2013,35(3):677-683

应用垂直向P波和SV波振幅比和联合利用P波、SV波和SH波的初动和振幅比两种计算震源机制解的方法,得到郯庐断裂带安徽段及邻近地区1970年以来239次中小地震的震源机制解;基于震源机制解,根据力轴张量计算法反演得到郯庐断裂带安徽段及其两个分段的平均构造应力场,与震源机制参数统计结果一致,表现为近EW向的水平挤压和近NS向的水平拉张作用;分析最大主压应力轴σ1的方位角随时间变化特征,结果表明郯庐断裂带安徽段两个分段的σ1的方位角总体变化趋势一致,均呈现出1998年前后由顺时针偏转转折至逆时针偏转。  相似文献   

Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 2: Large‐amplitude shake table testing     

Lydell Wiebe  Constantin Christopoulos  Robert Tremblay  Martin Leclerc 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(7):1069-1086

This paper presents the results of 56 large‐amplitude shake table tests of a 30% scale eight‐storey controlled rocking steel frame. No significant damage or residual deformations were observed after any of the tests. The frame had four possible configurations on the basis of combinations of two higher mode mitigation mechanisms. The first mitigation mechanism was formed by allowing the upper section of the frame to rock, so as to better control the mid‐height overturning moment. The second mitigation mechanism was formed by replacing the conventional first‐storey brace with a self‐centering energy dissipative (SCED) brace, so as to better control the base shear. The mechanisms had little effect during records where higher mode effects were not apparent, but they substantially reduced the shear and overturning moment envelopes, as well as the peak floor accelerations, during more demanding records. The reduction in storey shears led to similarly reduced brace force demands. Although the peak force demands in the columns were not reduced by as much as the frame overturning moments, using an upper rocking joint allowed the column demands to be estimated without the need to assume a lateral force distribution. The tests demonstrated that multiple force‐limiting mechanisms can be used to provide better control of peak seismic forces without excessive increases in drift demands, thus enabling more reliable capacity design. These results are expected to be widely applicable to structures where the peak seismic forces are significantly influenced by higher mode effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献