Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 2: Large‐amplitude shake table testing     

Lydell Wiebe  Constantin Christopoulos  Robert Tremblay  Martin Leclerc 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(7):1069-1086

This paper presents the results of 56 large‐amplitude shake table tests of a 30% scale eight‐storey controlled rocking steel frame. No significant damage or residual deformations were observed after any of the tests. The frame had four possible configurations on the basis of combinations of two higher mode mitigation mechanisms. The first mitigation mechanism was formed by allowing the upper section of the frame to rock, so as to better control the mid‐height overturning moment. The second mitigation mechanism was formed by replacing the conventional first‐storey brace with a self‐centering energy dissipative (SCED) brace, so as to better control the base shear. The mechanisms had little effect during records where higher mode effects were not apparent, but they substantially reduced the shear and overturning moment envelopes, as well as the peak floor accelerations, during more demanding records. The reduction in storey shears led to similarly reduced brace force demands. Although the peak force demands in the columns were not reduced by as much as the frame overturning moments, using an upper rocking joint allowed the column demands to be estimated without the need to assume a lateral force distribution. The tests demonstrated that multiple force‐limiting mechanisms can be used to provide better control of peak seismic forces without excessive increases in drift demands, thus enabling more reliable capacity design. These results are expected to be widely applicable to structures where the peak seismic forces are significantly influenced by higher mode effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

How can NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter projects verify the existence of the fifth force     

Ling Man Tsang 《New Astronomy》2012,17(1):18-21

The spring constant of the earth is found to be 1.1 × 10⁻⁸/s² which is based on the famous Pound and Rebka gravitational red-shift experimental data. The spring force, or so-called the fifth force of the earth is then known. This paper suggests how can NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) projects verify the existence of the fifth force by simple free fall experiment without man-mission. Such a force, as we have predicted, should be the type of intermediate range.  相似文献   

The influence of the void fraction on the particle migration: A coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method study about drag force correlations     

Manuela Kanitz  Juergen Grabe 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2021,45(1):45-63

Granular soils subjected to flow through their soil skeleton can show a behaviour in which fine particles migrate through the pore space between coarser particles. This process is called internal instability or suffusion. This contribution deals with the numerical analysis of the migration of fine particles in a soil column subjected to fluid flow with unresolved coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) with special regards to the used drag force correlation. The contribution investigates the influence of the Schiller–Naumann model and its extension with a voidage term on the migration behaviour of fine particles. The voidage term is further varied with a parameter, which controls the impact of the change of the void fraction on the drag force. It could be observed that the Schiller–Naumann model does not yield in a suffusive behaviour while the extended models show significant particle migration. Thereby, increasing the impact of the void fraction on the drag force results in stronger particle migration. These results reveal the need for good validation techniques. They indicate how the drag force correlation can be adapted to depict the correct particle migration behaviour.  相似文献   

福建晋江沿岸近21年来成片开发土地的时空变化遥感分析     

周淑玲  徐涵秋 《地球信息科学学报》2010,12(1):103-110

利用遥感技术对经济快速发展的晋江沿岸地区的成片开发土地进行时空变化监测。首先,利用归一化差值不透水面指数(NDISI)提取晋江沿岸成片开发的土地,然后,通过变化监测查明了1987-2008年间晋江沿岸成片开发土地的时空变化。研究表明,近21年来,晋江沿岸成片开发土地规模急剧扩大,其面积增加了18097hm²。研究发现,土地成片开发主要发生在城市沿江的周边地区,特别是晋江下游至河口段两岸。土地利用变化分析表明,成片开发土地主要占用了两岸大量的耕地。最后,对变化的驱动力进行分析,结果显示,晋江沿岸成片开发土地的剧增与当地经济、人口、房地产业的快速发展有密切的关系。  相似文献   

喉部结构不对称的微喷管数值计算     

童军杰  谢爱霞  岑继文 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(1):81-87

以FLUENT6.1软件为工具,利用湍流k-ε模型,求解二维稳态可压缩N-S方程,模拟了微喷管内的超音速流动,分析了喷管喉部结构不对称对喷管流场与喷管出口推力的影响。这种喉部结构不对称由于喉部上下顶点在x方向上偏离一定距离所造成。数值计算结果表明,喷管喉部上下顶点在流体流动方向的不对称,将导致喷管内部流体流场不平衡性,诱导喷管内部产生康达效应,使得喷管出口的x方向推力减小,y方向产生了多余的推力。  相似文献   

都江堰-汶川公路汶川地震次生地质灾害主要特征和形成机理   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

甘建军  黄润秋  李前银  叶晓华  高文军 《地质力学学报》2010,16(2):146-158

汶川特大地震发生后, 都江堰至汶川公路两旁次生地质灾害尤为严重, 先后多次完全中断震中交通生命线, 严重地影响了公路的安全运行和灾后重建。通过对汶川地震前后都江堰-汶川公路边坡现场调查资料对比分析, 研究了该地段边坡的主要次生地质灾害类型及其破坏模式、形成机制和时空分布特点。破坏类型主要为碎屑流式、碎裂滑移式崩塌和碎裂-俯冲式、振荡-高速滑移式泥石流等, 造成沿线边坡发生大面积浅表生改造破坏。此类灾害具有丛集性、相关性、分段性的明显特点。成因复杂的高陡岩土体是次生地质灾害的主要物质基础;强烈的场地地震效应和内外动力耦合作用是该地区地质灾害成生的主要因素。   相似文献   

基于离心模型试验的软基路堤基底压力和垫层筋带拉力分析     

张良  罗强  陈虎  张敏静  裴富营 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2772-2779

为掌握垫层结构性能对基底压力和垫层筋带拉力的影响,设计了3种不同垫层结构的软土地基路堤离心模型试验,测试了在路堤荷载作用下的基底压力和垫层筋带拉力等数据。试验数据及分析表明,（1）随垫层结构性增强,路堤中心处的基底压力逐渐减小,路基面范围的基底压力分布由“中大边小”的凸型曲线逐渐变为“中小边大”的凹型曲线;（2）随垫层结构性的降低垫层筋带拉力减小,路堤土体也由静止稳定状态变为主动极限状态;（3）随路堤荷载增加,地基土体状态由弹性进入弹塑性直至塑性屈服,垫层筋带拉力的分布也逐渐由双峰的马鞍型向单峰的抛物线型转变。  相似文献   

吹填土自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力消散的试验研究     

宋晶  王清  孙铁  李晓茹  张中琼  焦志亮 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2935-2940

利用真空预压法处理吹填土时,细颗粒常堵塞排水管,导致土体排水不畅。为提高吹填土固结效率,采用自重沉淤排水与加负压排水固结相结合的方式在室内进行吹填土固结试验。试验第一阶段用排水管作为吹填土自重沉淤的竖向排水通道;第二阶段以装入中粗砂的排水管作吹填土排水通道,同时也是压力传递通道。试验监测到吹填土固结过程中不同位置孔隙水压力的变化,通过监测数据着重研究自重沉淤排水阶段吹填土的固结规律。借助渗流平衡方程确定吹填土在自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力变化主要由排水管中水位、单位土面积控制,解释自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力变化机理。同时,为了减小由于排水距离远近造成的固结不均,利用自重沉淤与加压固结结合的方法使吹填土达到较为理想的固结效果,将砂井设计理论与孔隙水压力变化曲线相结合确定排水管有效排水范围等效直径,为实际工程提供排水管间距的设计参数。  相似文献   

用抗剪强度指标计算预制桩软黏土侧摩阻力的参数统计分析     

楼晓明  赵春风  陈广  蔚林 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):354-359

参照现有的静力法计算桩侧摩阻力的公式,提出了根据固结快剪c、j指标计算桩侧摩阻力的计算公式,其中有多个参数待定。根据收集到的上海地区19个工程摩擦型预制桩的试桩成果,采用最小二乘法,确定了上海地区主要软土层的待定参数,由统计得到的桩侧摩阻力的计算公式,计算出各试桩在各主要软土层的桩侧摩阻力和各试桩的极限承载力。结果表明,同一土层的各试桩桩侧摩阻力相关性较好,基本符合正态分布规律;单桩承载力计算值与实测值之间的误差较小;用上海地区主要软土层固结快剪c、j指标的上下限可以计算得到桩侧摩阻力上下限,根据19个工程统计得到的平均桩侧摩阻力在上下限之间;桩侧摩阻力的深度效应不明显,桩端持力层条件对桩侧摩阻力发挥有影响。  相似文献   

特厚表土层钢板混凝土复合井壁竖向承载力试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

姚直书  余贵华  程桦  荣传新 《岩土力学》2010,31(6):1687-1691

通过模型试验和理论分析,对特厚表土层双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁的竖向受力特性进行了研究。首先,根据相似理论,进行了双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁结构的模型设计和试件加工;然后,通过加载试验,得到了井壁结构在竖向荷载和侧压共同作用下的竖向应力、变形和强度特性。结果表明：由于内、外钢板筒的约束作用,井壁结构中的混凝土完全处于三向受压应力状态下,其抗压强度提高了1.73～1.92倍,且井壁破坏时混凝土的竖向极限压应变达到-3.9×10-3,表现出较好的延性特性。通过钢板与混凝土的相互约束,改善了各自的力学特性,使井壁竖向承载力显著提高,远比钢板筒和中间混凝土层的竖向极限承载力之和大,并根据理论分析和试验结果推导出了井壁竖向承载力的计算公式,对理论研究和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献