中国现代浙江省动态变化及其发展趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钟德才 《地球科学进展》1999,14(3):229-234

用遥感,地图和野外考察研究等方法,首次揭示了我国现代沙漠动态变化规律和发展趋势,认为我国现代沙漠动态变化的总趋势是向草原化和绿洲化方向缓慢发展,其变化速度为４４５ｋｍ＾２／ａ,我国现代沙漠还在继续蔓延,但其扩大速度比较缓慢,约为３１０ｋｍ＾２／ａ。  相似文献   

近50年华北地区极端气候分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

韩晖  龚道溢 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):469-479

Climate extremes for agriculture-pasture transitional zone, northem China, are analyzed on the basis of daily mean temperature and precipitation observations for 31 stations in the period 1956-2001. Analysis season for precipitation is May-September, i.e., the rainy season. For temperature is the hottest three months, i.e., June through August. Heavy rain events, defined as those with daily precipitation equal to or larger than 50 mm, show no significant secular trend. A jump-like change, however, is found occurring in about 1980. For the period 1980-1993, the frequency of heavy rain events is significantly lower than the previous periods. Simultaneously, the occurring time of heavy rains expanded, commencing about one month early and ending one month later. Long dry spells are defined as those with longer than 10 days without rainfall. The frequency of long dry spells displays a significant (at the 99% confidence level) trend at the value of 8.3% /10a. That may be one of the major causes of the frequent droughts emerging over northern China during the last decades. Extremely hot and low temperature events are defined as the uppermost 10% daily temperatures and the lowest 10% daily temperatures, respectively. There is a weak and non-significant upward trend in frequency of extremely high temperatures from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. But the number of hot events increases as much as twice since 1997. That coincides well with the sudden rise in mean summer temperature for the same period. Contrary to that, the fiequency of low temperature events have been decreasing steadily since the 1950s, with a significant linear trend of-15%/10a.  相似文献   

1951-2002年长江流域降水特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏布达  姜彤  施雅风  Stefan BECKER  Marco GEMMER 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(2):204-218

The monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation trends in the Yangtze river catchment have been detected through analysis of 51 meteorological stations‘ data between 1950-2002 provided by National Meteorological Administration. Results reveal that: 1) Summer precipitation in the Yangtze river catchment shows significant increasing tendency. The Poyanghu lake basin, Dongtinghu lake basin and Taihu lake basin in the middle and lower reaches are the places showing significant positive trends. Summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches experienced an abrupt change in the year 1992; 2) The monthly precipitation in months just adjoining to summer shows decreasing tendency in the Yangtze river catchment. The upper and middle reaches in Jialingjiang river basin and Hanshui river basin are the places showing significant negative trends; 3) Extreme precipitation events show an increasing tendency in most places, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river catchment.  相似文献   

Can the pattern of juvenile recruitment and population structure of the speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius (Decapoda: Brachyura) be determined by geographical variations?          下载免费PDF全文

Luciana Segura de Andrade  Israel Fernandes Frameschi  Antônio Leão Castilho  Rogério Caetano da Costa  Adilson Fransozo 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):950-958

This study evaluated the effect of environmental stimuli and selective pressures in different geographical areas along a latitudinal gradient, on the juvenile recruitment, population structure, and sex ratio of the speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius. Samples were collected monthly during 1 year in three locations along the Brazilian coast: Macaé, state of Rio de Janeiro (MAC, 22°47′ S, 41°45′ W); Ubatuba, São Paulo (UBA, 23°27′ S, 44°58′ W); and São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina (SFS, 26°08′ S, 48°34′ W). The specimens of A. cribrarius were identified, counted, sexed, and measured for maximum carapace width (CW). The largest juvenile found was in UBA (47.7 ± 1.36 mm); and the largest adult females and males in MAC (74.26 ± 0.93 and 77.04 ± 0.79 mm, respectively). Recruitment in MAC was continuous, whereas in UBA and SFS, recruitment showed seasonal characteristics. The sex ratio was skewed toward females only in UBA; in MAC and SFS, males and females were present in equal proportions. These results indicate that geographical variations can cause differences in the recruitment and population structure of A. cribrarius. These regional differences call attention to the necessity for improved management plans and control of shrimp fishing, which can affect population patterns such as juvenile recruitment, population structure and life history of the target species and species that are caught in bycatch from shrimping, such as the swimming crab A. cribrarius.  相似文献   

Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Nekton and Micronekton in the Northern California Current Transition Zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard D. Brodeur  William G. Pearcy  Stephen Ralston 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(4):515-535

The epipelagic and mesopelagic nekton communities of the northern California Current have been sampled somewhat continuously over the last four decades with bottom and pelagic trawls, small midwater trawls, and purse seines. We review the zoogeography and community and environmental associations of the dominant pelagic micronekton and nekton species in this region with a view to understanding their role in this dynamic marine ecosystem. As is typical of many upwelling eastern boundary current regions, the pelagic biomass is dominated by a few species that fluctuate dramatically through time. The abundance trends of pelagic nekton caught in this region demonstrated large-scale ecosystem changes about the time of the regime shifts of 1976/77 and 1989 and possibly another beginning in 1999. The rapidity of the changes in composition indicates that the response was due to a change in migration or distribution patterns as opposed to recruitment patterns. The 1989 regime shift led to a dramatic increase in sardine and a decrease in anchovy populations. The most pronounced interannual signals were attributed to strong El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions in 1983 and 1998 that altered the latitudinal ranges and proximity to the coast of many pelagic species. Variations in abundance and cross-shelf distribution patterns were noted for both pelegic nekton and micronektonic from surveys off California, Oregon, and Washington.  相似文献   

青藏高原积雪变化趋势及其与气温和降水的关系   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

柯长青  李培基 《冰川冻土》1997,19(4):289-294

根据６０个地面基本气象台站１９５７￣１９９０年逐日雪深，月平均气温，月降水量观测记录，用ＡＲＭＡ（ｐ，ｑ）模型检验了青藏高原积雪变化趋势。结果表明，高原积雪变化呈增加趋势，与南极大陆及格陵兰冰盖表面雪积累率的增加相一致。  相似文献   

天山西部中山带积雪变化趋势与气温和降水的关系——以巩乃斯河谷为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张丽旭  魏文寿 《山地学报》2001,19(5):403-407

根据位于巩乃斯河谷的天山积雪雪崩研究站近30a来的年最大雪深、月平均气温、月降水量观测记录，用平均差值法、最小二乘法、自回归滑动平均法检验了天山西部中山带积雪、冷季降水、冷季平均气温的变化趋势，结果表明，天山西部中山带积雪呈增加趋势，近30a来年平均增加1．43％，与青藏高原、南极大陆及格陵兰冰盖表面积雪积累增加相一致。天山西部中山带冷季气温和降水的变化趋势也是增加的，其中冷季降水平年平均增加0．12％，而冷季气温升高了0．8℃，积雪与冷季气温之间存在着弱的负相关关系，而与冷季降水呈显著的正相关关系。积雪的增加主要是因为气候变暖引起的冷季降水的增加对积雪增加的贡献大于由于冷季气温升高而造成积雪减少的贡献的结果。  相似文献   

“九七”后香港与内地合作趋向及港资进入内地策略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨英  周辉 《热带地理》1997,17(2):122-130

本文讨论香港与内地进行经济合作基础与环境，分析了“九七”后两地经济合作的新趋向及港资进入内地将采取的基本策略，并对如何更好地引导港资进入内地提出若干对策和措施。  相似文献   

Trends in Interdiurnal Temperature Variation for the Central United States, 1945–1985     

Kay R. S. Williams  Kathleen C. Parker 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(3):342-355

Temporal variation in the absolute value of interdiurnal variability (AIDV) of January maximum temperatures is examined for the period 1945–1985 in the central United States (90°–105°W). AIDV indicates the magnitude of day-to-day changes in the maximum temperature. Five-year running-mean AIDV values decreased significantly throughout the period. This trend was apparent for the region overall and for the 10 of the 20 study sites analyzed individually. Temporal variation in AIDV values was significantly related to mid-tropospheric flow patterns over the central United States. Meridional circulation was associated with smaller AIDV values in all sites except those in the northwestern and southeastern corners of the study area, whereas zonal flow was linked to larger interdiurnal temperature change. The analysis of selected individual years indicated that mid-tropospheric circulation patterns were more persistent with meridional flow, and surface cyclones and their associated surface fronts tracked through the study area less frequently than in years with zonal flow. Analysis at a daily temporal resolution revealed an added dimension of trends in temperature variability beyond those apparent with a coarser monthly resolution. These results emphasize the importance of finer temporal resolution in the analysis of both past and projected climate change; regionally summarized monthly temperature values mask important variation in temperature trends apparent at shorter temporal and more local spatial scales.  相似文献   

Trends in planetary wave activity inferred from Hungarian radio wave absorption measurements     

Jan Lastovička  Ferenc Märcz 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1995,39(4):420-424

Summary The nighttime and sunset LF radio wave absorption measured at Nagycenk, western Hungary over 1967–1991 is used to infer planetary wave activity and its long-term trend in the upper middle atmosphere (85 – 100 km). The very moderate positive and mostly statistically insignificant trends are consistent with the pattern provided by previous analyses of various day- and night-time absorption measurements. The trends could be of anthropogenic origin.  相似文献