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481.
ABSTRACTThe trends in hydrological and climatic time series data of Urmia Lake basin in Iran were examined using the four different versions of the Mann-Kendall (MK) approach: (i) the original MK test; (ii) the MK test considering the effect of lag-1 autocorrelation; (iii) the MK test considering the effect of all autocorrelation or sample size; and (iv) the MK test considering the Hurst coefficient. Identification of hydrological and climatic data trends was carried out at monthly and annual time scales for 25 temperature, 35 precipitation and 35 streamflow gauging stations selected from the Urmia Lake basin. Mann-Kendall and Pearson tests were also applied to explore the relationships between temperature, precipitation and streamflow trends. The results show statistically significant upward and downward trends in the annual and monthly hydrological and climatic variables. The upward trends in temperature, unlike streamflow, are much more pronounced than the downward trends, but for precipitation the behaviour of trend is different on monthly and annual time scales. Furthermore, the trend results were affected by the different approaches. Specifically, the number of stations showing trends in hydrological and climatic variables decreased significantly (up to 50%) when the fourth test was considered instead of the first and the absolute value of the Z statistic for most of the time series was reduced. The results of correlations between streamflow and climatic variables showed that the streamflow in Urmia Lake basin is more sensitive to changes in temperature than those of precipitation. The observed decreases in streamflow and increases in temperature in the Urmia Lake basin in recent decades may thus have serious implications for water resources management under the warming climate with the expected population growth and increased freshwater consumption in this region.
Editor Z. W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor Q. Zhang 相似文献
482.
Rodrigo Valdés-Pineda Roberto Pizarro Juan B. Valdés Jorge F. Carrasco Pablo García-Chevesich Claudio Olivares 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):2110-2132
ABSTRACTPrecipitation is the most critical climatic element that directly affects the availability of water resources. The objective of this study was to describe and discuss spatio-temporal patterns of annual precipitation, its aggressiveness, and its concentration along the southwest coast of South America (36°–49°S) from 1930 to 2006. An annual and multi-decadal analysis was applied to 107 sampling stations distributed throughout this region, using the Mann-Kendall test (MK), and the Sampling Uncertainty Analysis (SUA) coupled with Gumbel probability density function (SUA-Gumbel). The analysis revealed positive but not significant trends in annual precipitation and aggressiveness for the region between 36° and 44°S, at least during the last 50 years of the analysed period. However, a significant decrease in annual precipitation and aggressiveness was observed between 44° and 49°S during the same period. The annual concentration of precipitation became slightly more seasonal in the last 50 years within the entire study area. 相似文献
483.
腰沙位于江苏省南通市东南侧海域,是江苏岸外辐射状沙脊南翼最大的沙洲,其滩槽地貌形态较为复杂,但潮滩和深槽均相对比较稳定,深水岸线富有。通过对1987,1995,2000,2008,2015年五个时期的卫星遥感数据和辐射沙洲地区调查资料分析,利用适合腰沙沙洲岸线演变的遥感波段组合,获得了腰沙地区20多a来岸滩典型地理特征演变的信息,结果表明:1987-2015年,腰沙潮滩内缘区围垦发展迅速,人工岸线愈加复杂。腰沙"水道—沙洲系统"组合形态总体态势呈现外缘区东侧及南侧淤涨,北侧侵蚀。小庙洪水道总体有向南偏移的趋势。潮滩南北方向在形态及演变动态上存在空间分异。 相似文献
484.
海洋是一个巨大的碳库,通过吸收大气中的二氧化碳减缓了全球变暖的局势。海洋同时也是蕴含丰富资源的宝库,过量二氧化碳的吸收造成海水pH值发生变化,海洋酸化对这个资源宝库的影响不容忽视。文章通过文献计量与统计分析的方法,从宏观角度研究了海洋酸化研究的整体发展现状、主要研究力量与研究主题分布,分析了未来的发展趋势,并结合现有问题给出了讨论建议,以期为未来的海洋酸化研究提供一定的参考借鉴。研究结果表明：海洋酸化研究经历了探索、成型、快速增长与稳步增长4个时期,澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和英国是主要研究国家,美国国家海洋与大气管理局、美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所、美国加州大学、澳大利亚昆士兰大学和詹姆斯库克大学是主要研究机构。海洋酸化过程与成因、敏感性生物与生命过程影响、生态系统影响与生态效应、珊瑚礁与藻类典型研究等内容则是该领域的主要研究主题。未来的海洋酸化研究还应该拓展广度和深度、提升方法和技术,并注意制定综合研究计划、慎重定性与量化研究结果、考虑多方面差异耦合因子并加强基础研究与国际合作。 相似文献
485.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(9-10):213-222
Two and a half decade (1985–2009) surface air temperature from Giovanni database available for the Naradu valley at High Himalaya Mountain range of Himachal Pradesh has been analysed to determine the changes in the maximum, minimum and mean air temperatures. The analysis was subjected for seasonal, annual and monthly basis and revealed a tendency towards warmer years all around, with significantly warmer winter and more significant increase in minimum temperatures. The annual maximum, minimum and mean temperatures have increase by 1,41 °C, 1,63 °C and 1,49 °C, respectively. The seasonal analysis indicates that the tendency is more pronounced in winter followed by post-monsoon, pre-monsoon and monsoon season. The trends were also examined on a maximum temperatures, and it showed a significant warning in all the months in annual mean, minimum and maximum temperatures, except February during the period of 1985–2009 in the valley. Different trend detection statistical tools have been exercised by using variety of non-parametric tests and all are in agreement. 相似文献
486.
高光谱遥感由于"图谱合一"的技术特点,能够提供更加丰富的对地观测信息,是一种较为先进的探测技术,目前已应用到地球科学的各个方面.本文首先介绍了高光谱成像仪的成像特点,进而从航空高光谱和航天高光谱两个角度分别介绍了成像仪的工程应用概况.最后,根据近几年国内外的有关论文及研究报告,综述了国内外高光谱成像仪最新发展态势,重点介绍了天宫一号高光谱成像仪的研制技术情况,与目前国际上的在轨运行的卫星高光谱仪相比,其在空间分辨率、波谱范围和波段数目等成像技术参数上具有相当优势,是我国光谱仪技术发展的里程碑. 相似文献
487.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):407-421
This article investigates spatio-temporal trends for different return periods of extreme significant wave height (SWH) in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), northeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, based on a 37-year (1980–2016) wave hindcast. High-resolution reanalysis windfield datasets were used to force the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III. The wave hindcast information was validated using data gathered from the US National Data Buoy Center. The model performance was adequate. In a spatial analysis, the trends were less than 0.3 m decade?1 in all parts of the GG, and were increasingly positive westwards, extending to the far western part of the GG; trends below 0.01 m decade?1 dominated in the eastern part and some areas of the northern part of the gulf. Temporal analysis showed that the trends were negative in all cases. Spatio-temporal trends in the return periods for the 99th-percentile wave height were generally weak. Also, trends in the yearly, seasonal and monthly means of extreme SWH all generally increased from east to west in the GG. Furthermore, temporal trend analysis showed that extreme SWH exhibited an increasing trend of 0.0041 m y–1 throughout the 37-year period; by season, it exhibited a declining trend of ?0.0005 m y–1 in winter, and an increasing trend of 0.0048 m y?1 in summer. The observed increasing positive trend of extreme SWH westward in the GG, however, suggests an increasing storminess towards the western part of the gulf, with potential implications for coastal flooding and erosion, and consequences for coastal structures. 相似文献
488.
渭干河流域由木扎提河、卡普斯浪河、台勒维丘克河、卡拉苏河、克孜尔河5条支流汇合而成,支流均发源于天山南坡,单独出流,汇集于拜城盆地的克孜尔水库,始称渭干河.渭干河是天山南麓三大河流之一,主要支流木扎提河发源于汗腾格里峰东坡的冰川集结区,河流源头多接冰川,以冰川融水为主要补给源.5条支流多年平均实测径流量27.98×108m3,干河流域地表水资源量为31.59×108m3,其中地表水资源可利用量为26.05×108m3.从渭干河流域的河川径流量组成可以看出,集水区河水来源于冰川融水、融雪径流、降雨径流,冰川融水量变化和降水量的波动,控制着河流径流量的大小变化.利用现有的观测数据和研究成果粗估分析流域地表水资源的变化趋势,预计近、中期径流量会相应增多. 相似文献
489.
近50年华北地区极端气候分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Climate extremes for agriculture-pasture transitional zone, northem China, are analyzed on the basis of daily mean temperature and precipitation observations for 31 stations in the period 1956-2001. Analysis season for precipitation is May-September, i.e., the rainy season. For temperature is the hottest three months, i.e., June through August. Heavy rain events, defined as those with daily precipitation equal to or larger than 50 mm, show no significant secular trend. A jump-like change, however, is found occurring in about 1980. For the period 1980-1993, the frequency of heavy rain events is significantly lower than the previous periods. Simultaneously, the occurring time of heavy rains expanded, commencing about one month early and ending one month later. Long dry spells are defined as those with longer than 10 days without rainfall. The frequency of long dry spells displays a significant (at the 99% confidence level) trend at the value of 8.3% /10a. That may be one of the major causes of the frequent droughts emerging over northern China during the last decades. Extremely hot and low temperature events are defined as the uppermost 10% daily temperatures and the lowest 10% daily temperatures, respectively. There is a weak and non-significant upward trend in frequency of extremely high temperatures from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. But the number of hot events increases as much as twice since 1997. That coincides well with the sudden rise in mean summer temperature for the same period. Contrary to that, the fiequency of low temperature events have been decreasing steadily since the 1950s, with a significant linear trend of-15%/10a. 相似文献
490.
1951-2002年长江流域降水特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation trends in the Yangtze river catchment have been detected through analysis of 51 meteorological stations‘ data between 1950-2002 provided by National Meteorological Administration. Results reveal that: 1) Summer precipitation in the Yangtze river catchment shows significant increasing tendency. The Poyanghu lake basin, Dongtinghu lake basin and Taihu lake basin in the middle and lower reaches are the places showing significant positive trends. Summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches experienced an abrupt change in the year 1992; 2) The monthly precipitation in months just adjoining to summer shows decreasing tendency in the Yangtze river catchment. The upper and middle reaches in Jialingjiang river basin and Hanshui river basin are the places showing significant negative trends; 3) Extreme precipitation events show an increasing tendency in most places, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river catchment. 相似文献