青藏铁路沿线1966-2004年冻结与融化指数的变化趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜逢清  胡汝骥  李珍 《地理学报》2007,62(9):935-945

利用日气温观测值计算了青藏铁路沿线7 个主要气象站1966-2004 年的年冻结与融化指数,分析了这些指数的统计与分布特征,并应用两种趋势检验方法：非参数Mann-Kendall 检验法和简单线性回归法分析了这些台站年冻结与融化指数的变化趋势。结果表明,青藏铁路沿线多年平均冻结指数大致分布在95~2300 ^oC·日之间, 多年平均融化指数大致在630~3250 ^oC·日之间。7 个站点的冻结指数均呈减少趋势,其线性倾向率分布在-16.6~-59.1 ^oC·日/10a 之间;融化指数均呈增加趋势,其线性倾向率分布在19.8~45.6 ^oC·日/10a 之间。MK 趋势检验的结果显示,除格尔木表现出微弱的减少趋势外,其他站点都呈现了0.05 水平 下的显著减少趋势;年融化指数除格尔木和沱沱河表现出弱增加趋势外,其他5 个台站都显示出了0.05 水平下的显著增加趋势。简单线性回归方法得到的趋势结果与MK 趋势检验结果相一致。  相似文献   

School-based indicators of tuna population status     

Dell  James T.; Hobday  Alistair J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(4):612-622

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我国皱纹盘鲍底播增养殖历史、现状及未来发展趋势     

吴富村  阙华勇  张国范 《海洋科学》2020,44(8):56-68

皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai）为我国原产贝类之一,自然分布于我国辽东和山东半岛等黄渤海海区,自古被誉为海珍之冠。我国皱纹盘鲍的资源调查、增养殖相关研究始于1958年,20世纪70年代突破了人工繁育技术并自20世纪80年代初开始人工种苗的试验性底播及人工养殖。鲍野生资源随着过度采捕而急剧下降,我国开始通过底播增养殖工作以恢复皱纹盘鲍的生物资源,其中底播养殖取得了一定进展,但生物资源恢复与增殖未能取得理想效果。20世纪90年代皱纹盘鲍杂交技术获得突破并产业化应用,推动了我国鲍养殖产业南移,目前福建养殖鲍产量已占到全国总产量的82.7%,而北方海区底播增养殖产业受养殖周期、成本和市场价格的冲击,以及底播越冬期间高死亡率等问题制约,已严重萎缩。自2009年起,在国家贝类产业技术体系支持下,相关研发及产业单位合作建立皱纹盘鲍底播型海洋牧场技术研发的产学研平台,进而于2013年提出并实施了“北鲍北养”产业计划。通过开展技术联合攻关及示范,部分地区的底播皱纹盘鲍已进入商业性收获等显著进展。本文针对我国皱纹盘鲍底播增养殖产业中亟需解决问题、发展目标、可实现途径以及未来发展趋势开展讨论,以期为我国皱纹盘鲍底播增养殖、原种保护、资源增殖提供借鉴。  相似文献   

通辽市近50年气候变化分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王俊  申广立  李春云  刘亚玲  姜秀萍  夏莹 《内蒙古气象》2010,(6):18-22

利用通辽市7个气象台站1959—2008年平均气温、降水量、日照时数资料,用趋势分析和累积距平、信噪比、F检验等方法,分析通辽市近50年的气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)年平均气温上升趋势显著,近50年增温1.9℃,且通过0.001显著检验,突变发生在1988年,近10年是最温暖时期。其中南部、西部升温较少,北部、东部升温较多。四季均温变化与年均温趋势一致,但略有差异。增温幅度最大为冬季,其次为春季,最小为夏季;突变时间最早为秋季、发生在1987年,最晚为夏季、发生在1994年。(2)年降水量呈减少趋势,近50年约减少71mm,且通过0.10信度检验,南部的库伦和北部的鲁北减少最为显著。四季降水量的变化不同步,夏、秋季减少,冬、春季稍有增加。年降水量呈阶段性变化,目前是降水量最少时期。年日照时数西南部及扎旗北部是增多的,其余地区明显减少。  相似文献   

青藏高原东部龙羊峡水库气候效应的变化趋势分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

隋欣  杨志峰 《山地学报》2005,23(3):280-287

以青海省境内黄河干流龙羊峡水库为例,应用基于气象要素分析水库气候效应的数学模型,计算了水库蓄水后对局地气候的净影响,深入探讨了气候效应随时间的变化趋势。结果表明,龙羊峡水库蓄水以来,对局地气候有明显影响,环境风险度有较大提高,且水库对不同的气象要素的影响随蓄水时间的增加呈现不同趋势。  相似文献   

Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977–1997) in a small forested area,Krusné hory,northern Bohemia,Czech Republic     

N. E. Peters  Jiri Cerny  Miroslav Havel  Radovan Krejci 《水文研究》1999,13(17):2721-2741

The Krusné hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long‐term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977–1996) and stream water (1977–1998) in a forested area on the south‐eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume‐weighted Ca²⁺ and SOconcentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume‐weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H⁺. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H⁺ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SONOwere highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die‐back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca²⁺ concentrations occurred after 1995 and may be due to the depletion of Ca²⁺, which was provided by catchment liming in 1986, 1988 and 1989. Solute flux trends in bulk atmospheric deposition and stream water generally were not significant and the lack of trend is attributed to the large interannual variability in precipitation quantity and runoff, respectively. All solutes except Na⁺ varied seasonally. The average seasonal concentrations varied between the solutes, but for most solutes were highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer, correlating with the seasonal trend in runoff. For Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and SOthe concentration minimum occurs in September and the maximum occurs in February or March, correlating with the seasonal baseflow. These solutes are primarily controlled by the contribution of soil water and groundwater to stream flow. During snowmelt, the meltwater generally causes concentrations to decrease as soil water and groundwater are diluted. For NO₃ , average minimum concentrations occur in August at the end of the growing season concurrent with the lowest stream flow, and the maximum occurs in February and March with high stream flow during snowmelt. Seasonal stream water NOconcentration variations are large compared with the long‐term decrease. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高原湖泊水质变化趋势及驱动因素研究:以四川邛海为例     

任春坪  郑丙辉 《湖泊科学》2024,36(3):756-769

邛海是四川第二大湖泊,地处高原,距离西昌市城区不足5 km,生态位置重要。本文以近20年邛海湖区主要水质监测数据为依据,采用M-K检验定量解析了水生态环境历史变化特征,建立邛海污染物浓度、营养状态指标的时空对应关系,分析其驱动因素,识别风险并提出对策建议。结果表明:(1)1980s-2000年是有记录以来邛海水质最差的时期,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)浓度远超地表水Ⅲ类标准;(2)2003—2020年,邛海氨氮(NH₃-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)年际变化总体呈下降趋势,TN、TP、透明度、溶解氧浓度年际变化趋势总体不明显,COD_Mn、TN、TP浓度在研究期间出现多个显著变化过程;(3) 2003—2020年,邛海营养状态整体为中营养水平,综合营养状态指数TLI(Σ)为33.82±6.88,叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度为(4.234±3.903) μg/L,TLI(Σ)和Chl.a浓度年际变化没有显著趋势;(4)多年数据统计表明,邛海宾馆所在区域水质最差,邛海湖心水质最好,2003—2020年COD_Mn、TP等指标最大单月浓度均出现在邛海宾馆所在水域;(5)COD_Mn浓度在枯水期低于丰水期,NH₃-N浓度在枯水期高于丰水期,TP浓度高值和低值集中出现在枯水期,TN各月浓度没有显著差异,Chl.a浓度与COD_Mn、TP、NH₃-N浓度呈显著正相关,从水体中氮磷比来看,磷是邛海藻类生长限制性元素;(6)面源污染主要通过邛海大小支流入湖,环湖湿地对邛海面源污染削减效果总体有限,未来邛海发生水华的风险较大,建议以小流域为单元推进陆源污染控制,按照“游在邛海,吃、住在城区”的理念布局旅游发展,探索用“物理+生态”方式调控和预防邛海水生态系统失衡的问题。  相似文献   

全球清洁能源发展现状与趋势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔荣国  郭娟  程立海  张迎新  刘伟 《地球学报》2021,42(2):179-186

一次能源尤其是化石能源的大规模开发利用,导致环境破坏越来越严重,对人类生活造成了极大的负面影响,因此,清洁能源的开发利用引起全球的广泛重视,美国、日本、欧盟、中国、印度等国家或地区从20世纪开始开展清洁能源的开发利用工作.本文在前人的研究基础上,首先明确了清洁能源的概念和能源种类.其次,从投资、装机容量和消费变化等方面...  相似文献   

1949—2019年中国乡村振兴主题演化过程与研究展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

文琦  郑殿元  施琳娜 《地理科学进展》2019,38(9):1272-1281

实施乡村振兴战略是坚持农业农村优先发展、实现农业农村现代化总体目标、建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系的重要途径。论文系统回顾了乡村发展的历程,将1949年以来中国乡村发展分为：人民公社为主体的城乡二元结构阶段、小农经济为主体的家庭联产承包责任制阶段、城市反哺农村的城乡统筹发展阶段、城乡融合发展与乡村振兴阶段4个发展时段。从时间序列深入刻画了乡村振兴的主体分化、产业演变、环境整治、文化重构、乡村治理5个振兴主题及乡村规划的演化过程与研究趋势。最后,着眼于新时代乡村振兴战略需求与研究热点,从学科交叉融合的理论与实践研究、城乡一体化与城乡融合发展研究、乡村产业融合发展与提质增效研究、乡村“三生”空间融合发展研究、乡村跨区域协作与联动研究5个方面对乡村振兴未来研究趋势展开了讨论。  相似文献   

Can the pattern of juvenile recruitment and population structure of the speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius (Decapoda: Brachyura) be determined by geographical variations?          下载免费PDF全文

Luciana Segura de Andrade  Israel Fernandes Frameschi  Antônio Leão Castilho  Rogério Caetano da Costa  Adilson Fransozo 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):950-958

This study evaluated the effect of environmental stimuli and selective pressures in different geographical areas along a latitudinal gradient, on the juvenile recruitment, population structure, and sex ratio of the speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius. Samples were collected monthly during 1 year in three locations along the Brazilian coast: Macaé, state of Rio de Janeiro (MAC, 22°47′ S, 41°45′ W); Ubatuba, São Paulo (UBA, 23°27′ S, 44°58′ W); and São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina (SFS, 26°08′ S, 48°34′ W). The specimens of A. cribrarius were identified, counted, sexed, and measured for maximum carapace width (CW). The largest juvenile found was in UBA (47.7 ± 1.36 mm); and the largest adult females and males in MAC (74.26 ± 0.93 and 77.04 ± 0.79 mm, respectively). Recruitment in MAC was continuous, whereas in UBA and SFS, recruitment showed seasonal characteristics. The sex ratio was skewed toward females only in UBA; in MAC and SFS, males and females were present in equal proportions. These results indicate that geographical variations can cause differences in the recruitment and population structure of A. cribrarius. These regional differences call attention to the necessity for improved management plans and control of shrimp fishing, which can affect population patterns such as juvenile recruitment, population structure and life history of the target species and species that are caught in bycatch from shrimping, such as the swimming crab A. cribrarius.  相似文献