登陆海南的热带气旋中尺度降水分布变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯文  许向春  黄耀怀  王凡 《气象》2009,35(3):15-20

利用每小时地面观测资料和卫星资料,以1996-2005年在海南岛登陆的热带气旋为研究对象,按照气旋移动路径将其分为4大类,从4类不同路径的7个个例分析揭示了登陆海南热带气旋降水的中尺度特征及其分布变化.结果表明,不同路径的热带气旋登陆前10个小时之内,中尺度强降水基本上分布于热带气旋中心附近;而热带气旋登陆后,中尺度强降水开始出现明显的"离心"或"偏心"特征.不同路径的热带气旋在登陆前后,其最大降水中心的强度变化也有明显差异.登陆前后,中尺度强降水基本均出现在气旋中心西南到东南侧100～200km内,表现出明显的南北不对称.个例分析也证明,热带气旋强降水在空间和时间上都具有明显的中尺度特征.  相似文献   

边界层辐合线在局地强风暴临近预警中的应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

刁秀广  车军辉  李静  朱君鉴 《气象》2009,35(2):29-33

利用济南CINRAD/SA雷达探测到的边界层辐合信息,结合地面实况和探空资料及NCEP资料,对近年发生在山东中部的典型局地强风暴的生成及对流参数进行了分析.结果表明:高时空分辨率的雷达能获得近地层辐合线信息,对流风暴强的出流和近地层环境风的辐合在一定条件下可产生窄带回波;远离风暴主体的出流边界和顺地面风移动的风速辐合线在热力条件较弱的情况下一般不会产生对流天气;出流边界的叠加或出流边界与环境风辐合线的叠加在有利的环境条件下可产生局地强风暴,单纯的近地层辐合线在有利的环境条件下可产生较为孤立的局地风暴,可作为强对流天气临近预警的关键参考依据;风暴初始位置、初始时间和风暴类型具有不确定性,是强对流天气临近预警的难点.  相似文献   

2006年5—9月雷暴天气及各种物理量指数的统计分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李勇  孔期 《气象》2009,35(2):64-70

对2006年5-9月全国雷暴天气时空特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:雷暴天气的发生具有明显的短时局地特征,大多数发生在17-20时,上午11时发生最少.全国范围发生过雷暴天气的站点不到总数的三分之一.从空间分布来看,广东、广西及云南三省(区)是雷暴发生最为频繁的省份,内蒙古中西部、新疆北部、青海北部等地则发生较少.此外,统计分析各物理量指数后发现,各种物理量指数对于雷暴等强对流天气发生呈现出不同的概率分布特征,其中最主要的特征是当雷暴等强对流性天气发生时,存在3个高概率区域,每个区域对应物理量指数值相对集中在一个特定范围内.  相似文献   

“浣熊”强度变化的环境背景和卫星观测分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李勋  李泽椿  赵声蓉  王勇  赵大军 《气象》2009,35(12):21-29

利用实况观测定位和强度资料、NCEP的1°×1°全球最终分析资料、NOAA周平均1°×1°海温再分析资料和FY卫星水汽图像,分析台风浣熊(0801)的环境背景条件和内核结构演变与强度变化的关系.结果表明:(1)环境风垂直切变增大至10m·s~(-1)左右与南海北部海表温度逐步减小导致最大可能强度不断降低是"浣熊"快速发展过程中断并减弱的重要外部条件;(2)卫星水汽图像显示内核结构存在眼壁破裂和复原现象,该现象精确地反映其强度变化.眼壁破裂(复原)过程导致"浣熊"减弱(增强).  相似文献   

应用AMSU B微波资料分析0509号Matsa台风水汽场分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王新  方翔  邱红  朱元競 《气象》2009,35(12):30-36

热带气旋的形成、发展、移动以及消亡与大范围水汽输送和集中息息相关.此研究以2006年7-8月的AMSU-B的183.3±1、183.3±3、183.3±7GHz三个水汽通道亮温为主要资料源,利用三个通道所在的权重高度差异,分别建立了对流层高、中、低层水汽量与三个通道亮温的e指数统计回归关系.在此基础上,选取西北太平洋2005年09号麦莎台风,利用AMSU-B亮温通过回归关系式计算出的高、中、低层水汽量,就其水汽输送与强度变化关系进行了分析.结果表明,其一,微波水汽通道亮温能够很好地表征热带气旋环境场不同高度的水汽分布和水汽输送,尤其是对流层中层亮温的变化显示出的水汽量的变化与热带气旋强度密切相关;其二,热带气旋发展过程中,除了西南季风形成的西南水汽通道是水汽维持的重要输送带外,东南水汽通道也经常成为登陆热带气旋强度维持的主要水汽供给.  相似文献   

台风凤凰形成发展过程中对流凝结潜热和感热的作用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘裕禄  方祥生  金飞胜  方素青 《气象》2009,35(12):51-57

应用NCEP再分析资料,计算分析了台风凤凰发生和发展过程中的积云对流潜热加热和海面感热通量.表明:感热释放通过海气相关作用使海面风及对流层涡度增强,可能是台风初始低压的形成机制;积云对流潜热释放不但使台风中心增暖并使台风中间层上升运动增强,从而促使台风加强和发展,因此,对流凝结潜热是台风凤凰维持和发展的主要热力和动力因子.  相似文献   

On the Parameterization of Convective Entrainment： Inherent Relationships among Entrainment Parameters in Bulk Models     

孙鉴泞 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):1005-1014

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Beta gyres in global analysis fields     

Sun-Hee KIM  H. Joe KWON  R. L. ELSBERRY 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):984-994

A three-component decomposition is applied to global analysis data to show the existence of a beta gyre, which causes Tropical Cyclone (TC) to drift from a large-scale environmental steering current. Analyses from the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), the Global Forecast System (GFS) of NCEP, and the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are used in this study. The structure of the beta gyre obtained in our analyses is in good agreement with the theoretical structure, with a cyclonic circulation to the southwest of the TC center, an anticyclonic circulation to the northeast, and a ventilation flow directed northwestward near the center. The circulation of the beta gyre is strongest at the 850-hPa level where the cyclonically swirling primary circulation is strongest, and decreases with height, in a pyramid shape similar to the primary circulation. The individual structure of the beta gyre is case- and model-dependent. At a certain analysis time, one model may clearly reveal a well-defined beta gyre, but the other models may not. Within one model, the beta gyre may be well defined at some analysis times, but not at other times. The structure of the beta gyre in the analysis field is determined by the nature of the vortex initialization scheme and the model behavior during the 6-h forecast in the operational data assimilation cycle.  相似文献   

The effect of surface friction on the development of tropical cyclones     

方娟  汤剑平  伍荣生 《大气科学进展》2009,26(6):1146-1156

When tropical cyclones (hereafter referred as TCs) are over the ocean, surface friction plays a dual role in the development of TCs. From the viewpoint of water vapor supply, frictional convergence and Ekman pumping provide a source of moisture for organized cumulus convection and is propitious to the spin-up of TCs. On the other hand, surface friction leads to a dissipation of kinetic energy that impedes the intensification of TCs. Which role is dominant in the developing stage of TCs is a controversial issue. In the present work, the influence of surface friction on the growth of TCs is re-examined in detail by conducting two sets of numerical experiments initialized with different cyclonic disturbances. Results indicate that, because of the inherent complexities of TCs, the impact of surface friction on the evolution of TCs can not be simply boiled down to being positive or negative. In the case that a TC starts from a low-level vortex with a warm core, surface friction and the resultant vertical motion makes an important contribution to the convection in the early developing stage of the TC by accelerating the build-up of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and ensuring moisture supply and the lifting of air parcels. This effect is so prominent that it dominates the friction-induced dissipation and makes surface friction a facilitative factor in the spin-up of the TC. However, for a TC formed from a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) spawned in a long-lasting mesoscale convective system (MCS), the initial fields, and especially the low-level humidity and cold core, enable the prerequisites of convection (i.e., conditional instability, moisture, and lifting), to be easily achieved even without the help of boundary-layer pumping induced by surface friction. Accordingly, the reliance of the development of TCs on surface friction is not as heavy as that derived from a low-level vortex. The positive effect of surface friction on the development of TCs realized through facilitating favorable conditions for convection is nearly cancelled out by the friction-induced dissipation. However, as SST is enhanced in the latter case, the situation may be changed, and different development speeds may emerge between model TCs with and without surface friction considered. In short, owing to the fact that TC development is a complicated process affected by many factors such as initial perturbations, SST, etc., the importance of surface friction to the intensification of TCs may vary enormously from case to case.  相似文献   

拉萨春季一次雷暴天气过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何晓红  林志强  罗布坚参  唐叔乙  次仁德吉 《气象》2009,35(5):55-60

利用拉萨多普勒天气雷达、闪电定位仪、欧洲中心500hPa分析场及常规观测等资料,对2008年4月27-28日发生在拉萨的雷暴天气的环境条件和雷达回波特征进行了综合分析.结果表明:这次雷暴过程是在乌拉尔山冷空气南下,加剧了高原低涡切变辐合上升运动的发展,大气层结极不稳定的条件下产生的;雷达径向速度图和VAD风廓线均显示出非常明显的低层暖平流结构、低空急流及垂直风切变特征;γ中尺度气旋式涡旋扰动与环境垂直风切变的相互作用,导致雷暴云发展,回波顶增高,40dBz回波顶高伸展到7.0km左右;CAPE值、垂直风切变、γ中尺度气旋性扰动以及低层暖平流对拉萨雷暴天气预警、预报具有指示意义,给出了拉萨雷暴天气预报思路与着眼点.  相似文献