一次豫北春季强对流暴雨过程的螺旋度分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

牛广山  李俊杰  李秋元  王大勇 《气象与环境科学》2010,33(1):40-47

利用中尺度有限区域WRF模式输出的细网格资料和多普勒雷达观测资料,根据螺旋度理论,结合稳定度条件以及水汽和能量等物理量,对2009年3月20日夜至21日凌晨发生在豫北的一次强对流及暴雨过程的局地螺旋度演变进行诊断分析。结果表明,这次春季强对流和暴雨与西南急流和高温高湿不稳定能量密切相关,正螺旋度大值中心出现的高度与对流发展的强弱有关;500 hPa螺旋度正值区中心与强对流降水区域对应;暴雨易产生在850 hPa螺旋度中心附近,螺旋度的强度变化对强对流系统的移动、发展及暴雨的发生有一定的指示意义。  相似文献   

应用泊松耿贝尔分布估算海上极端风速          下载免费PDF全文

蒋承霖 《气象科学》2023,43(6):847-852

采用泊松耿贝尔分布，基于中国气象局发布的《CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集》资料来估算海上极端风速，并以上川岛气象站多年实测资料通过概率评估来加以验证。结果表明，采用泊松耿贝尔分布可以得到较为保守的海上极值风速取值。对于海上的小面积区域的重现期风速估算，采用50 km半径区域进行评估，可以得到较为合理的估算结果，当评估区域较大时，则需考虑适当扩大评估半径。  相似文献   

A Trophic Flow Model of the Caeté Mangrove Estuary (North Brazil) with Considerations for the Sustainable Use of its Resources     

M. Wolff  V. Koch  V. Isaac 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2000,50(6):789

The Caeté Estuary lies within the world's second largest mangrove region, 200 km south-east of the Amazon delta. It has an extension of about 220 km²and is subjected to a considerable human impact through intensive harvest of mangrove crabs (Ucides cordatus) and logging of mangroves. In order to integrate available information on biomass, catches, food spectrum and dynamics of the main species populations of the system, a trophic steady state model of 19 compartments was constructed using the ECOPATH II software (Christensen & Pauly, 1992). Ninety-nine percent of total system biomass is made up by mangroves (Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans andLaguncularia racemosa ), which are assumed to cover about 45% of the total area and contribute about 60% to the system's primary production. The remaining biomass (132 g m⁻²) is distributed between the pelagic and benthic domains in proportions of 10% and 90% respectively. Through litter fall, mangroves inject the main primary food source into the system, which is either consumed directly by herbivores (principally land crabs, Ucides cordatus) or, when already metabolized by bacteria, by detritivors (principally fiddler crabs, Uca spp.). These two groups are prominent in terms of biomass (80 g and 14·5 g m⁻²), and food intake (1120 g m⁻² yr⁻¹and 1378 g m⁻² yr⁻¹respectively). According to the model estimates, energy flow through the fish and shrimp compartments is of relatively low importance for the energy cycling within the system, a finding which is contrary to the situation in other mangrove estuaries reported in the literature. The dominance of mangrove epibenthos is attributed to the fact that a large part of the system's production remains within the mangrove forest as material export to the estuary is restricted to spring tides, when the forest is completely indundated. This is also the reason for the low abundance of suspension feeders, which are restricted to a small belt along the Caeté River and the small creeks which are watered daily. Phytoplankton, temporarily refloating benthic diatoms, neritic zooplankton and small pelagic fish dominate the (low) pelagic biomass. Total system throughput (10 559 g m⁻² yr⁻¹) and mean transfer efficiency between trophic levels (9·8%) calculated by the model fit well into the range reported for other tropical coastal ecosystems. The very high gross efficiency of the fishery (catch/net primary production) of 8·6% and its low trophic level (2·1) is explained by a high harvesting rate of mangroves and the fact that the main animal resource in the system are the mangrove crabs (Ucides cordatus), which feed at the first trophic level. The model was balanced asuming a turnover rate for the land crabs of P/B=0·25 (P/B: production per unit of biomass) which is possibly too high. If this value was replaced by a (possibly more realistic) lower value, the model would not balance, suggesting a situation in which more biomass is being harvested than produced, which hints to an overexploitation of this resource A ranking of the various system components in terms of their contribution to the system function (ascendency sensu Ulanowicz, 1997) revealed that detritus and associated bacteria contribute 34%, mangroves 19%, fiddler crabs 13%, phytoplankton and microphytobenthos 10%, mangrove crabs 10%, and the remaining 14 groups 14% to the total ascendency. Summary statistics of the model are given and compared with those of other coastal ecosystems.  相似文献   

DEVELOPING AND NON-DEVELOPING TROPICAL CYCLONES AS REVEALED BY HIGH DENSITY CLOUD MOTION WINDS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方翔  许健民  张其松 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2001,7(1):80-85

An algorithm for computation of cloud motion winds has been developed at the National Satellite Meteorological Center in China. Since 1997, it has been applied to calculate the cloud motion winds for a 1.25 lat. 1.25 long. mesh over the northwest Pacific region with the satellite data from GMS-5. The development of the tropical cyclones is studied. It shows that the tropical cyclone is usually intrigued by the westerly jet streams at the upper levels of the troposphere, which may be caused by mid-latitude troughs well extending into the tropics. During the prime season of summer, the westerly flowing equatorward of the TUTT may also be a cause for the generation of typhoons.  相似文献   

THE DYNAMICAL BASIS OF GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT MOTIONS IN TROPICS^*          下载免费PDF全文

CHAO Jiping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(1):40-48

Some dynamic constrains in the process of the tropical baroclinic geostrophic adjustment are discussed.The dispersion equation of three-dimensional inertia-gravitational wave and the equation of temporal conservation of potential vorticity are given,without considering the gradient of planetary potential vorticity.It indicates that the motions will be horizontal,meaning that Taylor-Proudman theorem is still right for tropics.At the same time,the semi-geostrophic balance is easier to appear in the tropical belt.Therefore the motions are generally horizontal and non-divergent,but still are stratified after the geostrophic balance establishes.  相似文献   

SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF CONVECTIVE ACTIVITIES OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD AND THEIR COMPARATIVE ANALYSES IN THE STRONG AND WEAK CONVECTION YEARS^*          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Weiqing  QIAN Yongfu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(2):205-217

The seasonal variations of convective activities over the South China Sea(SCS) and its neighborhood.as well as the similarities and differences of convection in the different key regions during the strong and weak convection years are analyzed by using the pentad data of TBB from 1980 to 1993.The results show that in winter and summer the seasonal variations of the convective activities are synchronous over the SCS and its neighborhood,the anomalous convection amplitudes are obviously different in different regions.The significant extents of convective activities have somewhat seasonal differences in the strong and weak convection years.In the strong convection years,it is in winter,spring and autumn that the convection anomaly is more evident than that in the normal years,however,after the summer monsoon onset the convection is sustained.stable and similar to that in the normal years.In the weak convection years.the convection weakens greatly in each season.but the primary weakening occurs in spring.summer and autumn.No matter in the strong or the weak convection years.the convective activities are somewhat of difference in the Bay of Bengal.the Indochina Peninsula.the SCS and the Philippines.In addition.the convective activities are also different over the south and the north parts of the SCS.the convection variation in the strong year is similar to that in the weak year over the north part of the SCS.but over the south part there are great differences.  相似文献   

登陆热带气旋引发的龙卷过程之个例分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

徐继业  姚祖庆 《气象》2001,27(7):27-29

将卫星云图与物理量场相结合，对9909号热带风暴（WENDY）登陆北上并与西风带系统相互作用，引发上海东南部地区龙卷天气的过程进行分析研究，发现中低纬度系统的相互作用使WENDY倒槽得以维持和发展，并对WENDY残存低压长时间存在并北上起重要作用，当WENDY低压北上与西风带系统相接、叠加时，高层辐散、低层辐合的良好环境使WENDY环流内的对流云团进一步加强发展，中尺度干涌的涌入促使强对流云团群合并发展，并加剧对流辐合体内水平风切变，最终导致龙卷产生。  相似文献   

冬季赤道西太平洋环流状况与后期亚洲季风   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

武炳义  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2001,25(5):609-626

基于月平均NCEP再分析资料(1958～1997年)以及中国336个台站月降水总量(195l～1994年),通过合成、相关以及统计显著性检验方法,研究了赤道西太平洋区域冬季环流状况与后期春夏季亚洲(东亚和南亚)季风环流变化的关系.研究结果表明,冬季赤道西太平洋环流状况对后期南亚季风和东亚季风以及我国夏季降水均有显著的滞后影响.冬季赤道西太平洋海域海平面气压偏高(低),对应反气旋(气旋)性环流异常,致使后期东亚和南亚夏季风均偏弱(强)以及我国长江流域夏季降水偏多(少),揭示了实施这种滞后影响的一般特征.  相似文献   

广东省暴雨强对流历史信息查询系统的设计     

冯业荣  林镇国 《广东气象》2001,(2):7-9

利用Visual Basic5.0设计了广东省暴雨强对流历史信息查询系统，该系统不仅能查询暴雨和强对流天气的历史资料，而且能查询发生某类天气的天气形势。此外，系统还提供实时天气图与历史天气图之间的比较，对预报非常有帮助。  相似文献   

热带气旋登陆地段与湛江市风雨的相关统计分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈理森 《广东气象》2001,(3):8-10

湛江市每年5～11月份都可受到热带气旋的影响,每个热带气旋造成风力、降水的大小,与热带气旋的登陆地段、登陆时的强度及登陆后的移动路径密切相关.本文利用50年来在广东台山至海南省南部沿海地区登陆或影响该地区的热带气旋资料与湛江市的风雨关系进行统计分析,从中找出相关规律,为热带气旋风雨预报提供参考.  相似文献