Validity of sea surface temperature observed with the TRITON buoy under diurnal heating conditions     

Yoshimi Kawai  Hiroshi Kawamura  Sumio Tanba  Kentaro Ando  Kunio Yoneyama  Norio Nagahama 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):825-838

In order to investigate the validity of buoy-observed sea surface temperature (SST), we installed special instruments to measure near-surface ocean temperature on the TRITON buoy moored at 2.07°N, 138.06°E from 2 to 13 March 2004, in addition to a standard buoy sensor for the regular SST measurement at 1.5-m depth. Large diurnal SST variations were observed during this period, and the variations of the temperatures at about 0.3-m depth could be approximately simulated by a one-dimensional numerical model. However, there was a notable discrepancy between the buoy-observed 1.5-m-depth SST (SST_1.5m) and the corresponding model-simulated temperature only during the daytime when the diurnal rise was large. The evaluation of the heat balance in the sea surface layer showed that the diurnal rise of the SST_1.5m in these cases could not be accounted for by solar heating alone. We examined the depth of the SST_1.5m sensor and the near-surface temperature observed from a ship near the buoy, and came to the conclusion that the solar heating of the buoy hull and/or a disturbance in the temperature field around the buoy hull would contribute to the excessive diurnal rise of the SST_1.5m observed with the TRITON buoy. However, the temperature around the hull was not sufficiently homogenized, as suggested in a previous paper. For the diurnal rise of the SST_1.5m exceeding 0.5 K, the daytime buoy data became doubtful, through dynamics that remain to be clarified. A simple formula is proposed to correct the unexpected diurnal amplitude of the buoy SST_1.5m.  相似文献   

地形变化对青岛地区风暴潮灾影响的一次模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

江文胜  孙文心 《海洋预报》2002,19(1):97-104

本文以8509台风为例，模拟了因地形变化而对青岛地区风暴潮灾的影响。结果显示，如果胶州湾口外局部地形变深，在8509台风的情况下，风暴增水会造成一定程度的增加，而且对底层风暴潮流会造成更大的影响。  相似文献   

9810号台风期间厦门近岸海域磷的分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴国琳  杨逸萍 《台湾海峡》2001,20(1):84-90

于1998年10号台风期间及台风解除后一周内，对九龙江口和西海域表层水中总磷（TP）、溶解态无机磷（DIP）、溶解态有机磷（DOP）、颗粒态磷（PP）、颗粒态无机磷（PIP）和颗粒态有机磷（POP）进行了为期9d（10月26日至11月3日）的现场观测。根据观测结果，讨论了台风对上述各形态磷的分布特征的影响，认为台风伴随的增水、入海径流量的骤增和底质再悬浮的加剧导致表层水体中各形态磷含量的短期增加。  相似文献   

Primary productivity in the western tropical Pacific and equatorial warm waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen Xingqun  Zhang Ming  Chen Qihuan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2001,20(1):117-129

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｙｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａｎｄｐｒｉｍａｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｏｃｅａｎ ,ｅｉｔｈｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｉｇ ｓｃａｌｅｏｒｉｎｔｈｅｓｍａｌｌｓｃａｌｅ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｎｔｈｅｔｅｍｐｏ ｒａｌａｎｄｓｐａｔｉａｌｃａｎｂｅｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ .Ｔｈｅｓｅａａｒｅａｓ ,ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌＰａｃｉｆｉｃ…  相似文献   

四川汶川大地震的构造分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王振荣  兰江华 《矿物岩石》2008,28(2):1-5

2008年5月12日在汶川映秀(北纬31.0°,东经103.4°)发生8级大地震,而后发生万余次余震,其最大震级为6.4级.此次地震属主震-余震型地震.通过构造分析认为.汶川大地震是构造地震,主要受龙门山断裂带的强烈活动控制.它是一种板内地震,其动力来源来自印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞.而成都平原处于稳定地块中,尽管离震中较近,然受地震的影响有限,是比较安全的.  相似文献   

广西崇左三合巨猿大洞早更新世小哺乳动物群   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

金昌柱  秦大公  潘文石  王元  张颖奇  邓成龙  郑家坚 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1129-1137

最近在广西崇左三合大洞发现了步氏巨猿和似人似猿共生的新层位,与之伴生的有52种小哺乳动物,占三合大洞巨猿动物群总数的62%,其中苏门答腊兔（Nesolagus）是东南亚地区首次发现的化石。小哺乳动物群以南方早更新世常见的偏皮氏毛耳飞鼠（Belomys parapearsoni）、中间猪尾鼠（Typhlomys intermedius）、拟低冠竹鼠（Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides）、硕豪猪（Hystrix magna）、先社鼠（Niviventer preconfucianus）、拟爱氏巨鼠（Leopoldamysedwardioidesi）等为代表,根据小哺乳动物群性质和与其他动物群对比以及磁性地层年代测定,表明其时代应是早更新世中期（约距今120¹60万年前）。该动物群由树鼩、扁颅蝠、小彩蝠、飞松鼠、笔尾树鼠、猪尾鼠等几乎是旧大陆热带-亚热带森林型动物组成,缺少北方类型,基本上属于热带森林动物群,这表明了当时的自然景观为温暖湿润的热带雨林环境。三合大洞小哺乳动物群是广西地区的首次发现,对华南早更新世巨猿动物群详细划分,探讨步氏巨猿演化和早期人类环境背景等目前科学界关注的问题具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

国内外城市雨水径流水质的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

蒋德明  蒋玮 《物探与化探》2008,32(4):417-420,429

综合国内外综合资料,对城市不同建筑材料屋面和不同路面的雨水径流水质特征进行了对比分析,阐明了影响城市雨水径流水质的三大因素,并论述了城市雨水收集利用的现实意义。  相似文献   

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin     

Fu Bin  Wang Yu-kuan  Ren Yi  Liu Cheng  Xu Pei 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):183-188

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.  相似文献   

GPS observations of the ionospheric F2-layer behavior during the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Shuanggen Jin  O. F. Luo  P. Park 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(12):883-892

The ionospheric F2-layer peak density (NmF2) and its height (hmF2) are of great influence on the shape of the ionospheric electron density profile Ne (h) and may be indicative of other physical processes within the ionosphere, especially those due to geomagnetic storms. Such parameters are often estimated using models such as the semiempirical international reference ionosphere (IRI) models or are measured using moderately priced to expensive instrumentation, such as ionosondes or incoherent scatter radars. Global positioning system (GPS) observations have become a powerful tool for mapping high-resolution ionospheric structures, which can be used to study the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. In this paper, we describe how 3-D ionospheric electron density profiles were produced from data of the dense permanent Korean GPS network using the tomography reconstruction technique. These profiles are verified by independent ionosonde data. The responses of GPS-derived parameters at the ionospheric F2-layer to the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea are investigated. A fairly large increase in the electron density at the F2-layer peak (the NmF2) (positive storm) has been observed during this storm, which is accompanied by a significant uplift in the height of the F2 layer peak (the hmF2). This is confirmed by independent ionosonde observations. We suggest that the F2-layer peak height uplift and NmF2 increase are mainly associated with a strong eastward electric field, and are not associated with the increase of the O/N₂ ratio obtained from the GUVI instruments aboard the TIMED satellite. It is also inferred that the increase in NmF2 is not caused by the changes in neutral composition, but is related to other nonchemical effects, such as dynamical changes of vertical ion motions induced by winds and E × B drifts, tides and waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region, which can be dynamically coupled upward to generate ionospheric perturbations and oscillations.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF A CASE OF EAST ASIA COASTAL CYCLOGENESIS^*          下载免费PDF全文

Chen Shoujun  Guo Ying-Hw  Bai Lesheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1993,7(4):385-411

The evolution of an explosive cyclone off the East Asia coast in March 1979 is described.A shortwave trough in the southern branch of upper-level westerlies initiated the incipient cyclone.Later,a polar trough in the north amplified and became in phase with the southern shortwave to form a major trough.This major trough was responsible for the rapid intensification of the surface cyclone.In the early development stage,warm and moist air was transported northward to the developing area by a strong low-level jet.The ageostrophic wind associated with the low-level jet contributed to the frontogenesis,creating a favorable low-level environment for the rapid deepening.A low-level positive potential vorticity anomaly was created prior to the onset of rapid deepening.It was a result of frontal cloud condensation.The cyclone intensified rapidly when stratospheric air with high potential vorticity penetrated to the mid-troposphere.The rapid deepening took place at a location under the left-exit region of an amplifying jet streak behind the major trough and the right-entrance region of another anticyclonically-curved subtropical jet streak in a quasi-stationary ridge overJapan.Due to the blocking effect of the Tibetan Plateau,two shortwave disturbances were observed in the upper-level westerlies on the north and south sides of the Plateau.The southern disturbance initiated the incipient surface cyclone,while the amplifying northern disturbance was responsible for the rapid deepening.Thus,the evolution of the explosive cyclone in this case can be regarded as consecutive Petterssen's "type-B" cyclogenesis in two separate stages.  相似文献