Radar-based Characteristics and Formation Environment of Supercells in the Landfalling Typhoon Mujigae in 2015     

Lanqiang BAI  Zhiyong MENG  Ruilin ZHOU  Guixing CHEN  Naigeng WU  Wai-Kin WONG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(5):802-818

This study presents the radar-based characteristics and formation environment of supercells spawned by the tornadic landfalling Typhoon Mujigae(2015)in October 2015.More than 100 supercells were identified within a 24-hour period around the time of the typhoon’s landfall,of which three were tornadic with a rotational intensity clearly stronger than those of non-tornadic supercells.The identified supercells were concentrated within a relatively small area in the northeast quadrant beyond 140 km from the typhoon center.These supercells were found more likely to form over flat topography and were difficult to maintain in mountainous regions.During the study period,more supercells formed offshore than onshore.The mesocyclones of the identified supercells were characterized by a small diameter generally less than 5 km and a shallow depth generally less than 4 km above ground level.An environmental analysis revealed that the northeast quadrant had the most favorable conditions for the genesis of supercell in this typhoon case.The nondimensional supercell composite parameter(SCP)and entraining-SCP(E-SCP)were effective in separating supercell from non-supercell environment.Even though the atmosphere in the typhoon’s northeast quadrant was characterized by an E-SCP/SCP value supportive of supercell organization,orography was an impeditive factor for the supercell development.These findings support the use of traditional parameters obtained from midlatitude supercells to assess the supercell potential in a tropical cyclone envelope.  相似文献   

Climatology of landfalling tropical cyclones in Bangladesh 1877–2003     

Tanveerul Islam  Richard E. Peterson 《Natural Hazards》2009,48(1):115-135

Bangladesh is highly susceptible to tropical cyclones. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of climatological studies on the tropical cyclones of Bangladesh. The Global Tropical Cyclone Climatic Atlas (GTCCA) lists historical storm track information for all the seven tropical cyclone ocean basins including the North Indian Ocean. Using GIS, tropical cyclones that made landfall in Bangladesh during 1877–2003 are identified and examined from the climatological perspective. For the convenience of study, the coast of Bangladesh is divided into five segments and comparisons are made among the coastal segments in terms of cyclone landfall and vulnerability. There is a large variability in the year-to-year occurrence of landfalling tropical cyclones in Bangladesh. Most of the tropical cyclones (70%) hit in the months of May–June and October–November generally show the well-known pattern of pre- and post-monsoon cyclone seasons in that region.  相似文献   

末次盛冰期太平洋赤道辐合带对暖池外热带海表温度变化的敏感性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王跃  翦知湣  赵平 《第四纪研究》2009,29(2):221-231

利用美国NCAR CAM3大气环流模式,分析了末次盛冰期（LGM）两个不同的热带海表温度重建方案中,北半球冬季热带中、西太平洋对流活动及大气环流对暖池外（赤道东太平洋和热带大西洋）热带SST异常的敏感性。结果表明：  1）SST异常首先引起大气环流的改变。  赤道东太平洋对流层下沉增强,而作为经向补偿,副热带东太平洋上升运动增强,其中南半球尤为明显,同时南半球热带中、西太平洋上升运动增强,加剧了该区纬向逆时针环流,说明冰期热带海气耦合过程受气候背景场（如SST）影响很大;   2）大气环流格局改变引起热带中西太平洋的大气加热、对流活动、表层风场及降雨的巨大变化。  140°E以西的婆罗洲和菲律宾区域,总的大气加热减少是由于对流与辐射加热减少所致,对应于该区风场辐散和降雨减少;   而140°E以东的南半球热带中、西太平洋,大气吸收热量增加,对流与辐射加热均增强,总降雨量也随之增加,反映该区赤道辐合带南移并增强。该项研究为探索热带太平洋在冰期/间冰期旋回中的古海洋学变化提供了新的数据支撑。此外,不同重建SST对赤道辐合带的影响比较大,因此利用重建SST进行数值模拟或者利用耦合模式研究LGM热带海气相互作用时,应该十分重视全球热带SST分布特征。  相似文献   

热带森林植被生物量遥感估算探讨   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

杨存建  刘纪远  张增祥 《地理与地理信息科学》2004,20(6):22-25

该文以我国云南省西双版纳的热带森林植被为例,对热带森林植被生物量的遥感地学估算进行初步探讨。研究表明,只用LANDSAT TM的波段数据建立生物量的回归估算模型时,其模型的复相关系数只有0．118,而利用其主成分或植被指数建立回归估算模型时,其模型的复相关系数不仅没有提高,反而在一定程度上有所降低。原始波段与其主成分结合能提高估算模型的复相关系数,其效果比原始波段与植被指数结合的效果要好。模型中如果考虑气象因子中的年平均降雨量,能在很大程度上提高其复相关系数。在此基础上引入地形因子,未能显著提高模型的复相关系数。有气象因子参与建立的遥感气象模型和遥感地学模型在0．01水平上回归显著。  相似文献   

LAND-SEA THERMAL CONTRAST OVER SOUTH ASIA AND ITS INFLUENCES ON TROPICAL MONSOON CIRCULATION     

王同美  吴国雄 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):77-80

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the thermodynamic features and the effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the circulation of the tropical monsoon area in South Asia due to the land- sea distribution have been analyzed, The influences of the subcontinent topography on the Asian tropical circulation are mostly characterized by its thermodynamic effects on low-level circulation, of which the strongest is observed in winter and spring but the relatively weak in summer, followed by the weakest in autumn. The thermodynamic difference between the lndo china Peninsula and Indian Peninsula and its influence on the circulation are regulated by the Tibetan Plateau. During the transitional period from spring to early summer, the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing generates a large-scale cyclonic circulation in low latitudes in the lower troposphere. As a result, the southerlies/northerlies are increased to the east/west of the Bay of Bengal, Therefore latent heating of the atmosphere is strengthened and the surface sensible heating over the Indochina Peninsula is weakened. On the other hand the surface sensible heating over the Indian Peninsula is increased. It is shown that heating with various scales and different kinds can affect the tropical atmosphere in different ways, which lead to the unique characteristics of the tropical Asian circulation.  相似文献   

DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF A RAINSTORM IN SHANDONG PENINSULA INFLUENCED BY A DISTANT TROPICAL DEPRESSION     

闫淑莲  周淑玲  李宏江 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):73-76

Based on the observational data as well as data of satellite, NCEP reanalysis and moist potential vortex, the heavy rainfall event that occurred away from the outer cycle of tropical depression Kaemi (No.0605) on July 27, 2006 in Shandong Peninsula has been analyzed. The results show that there are three severe convective cloud clusters during the heavy rainfall. The uprightness of coupling pattern between upper-layer jet and low jet and a divergence area, which appeared in the right of upper-layer jet, provided favorable environmental conditions for convective cloud clusters. The strong convective weather happens over the prefrontal warm sector and the storm rainfall mainly distributes in the front of a high-energy area.Positive vorticity distribution and transportation of warm advection in low levels provide dynamic and thermal conditions for the rainstorm. The spatial-temporal evolvements of physical variable fields and MPV2 as the horizontal component of moist potential vorticity show that the rain intensity change is determined by upper and low level jets and the area of MPV2>0 occurs at the front of the low jet cores.  相似文献   

Bank erosion and channel width change in a tropical catchment     

Rebecca Bartley  Rex J. Keen  Aaron A. Hawdon  Peter B. Hairsine  Mark G. Disher  A. E. Kinsey‐Henderson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(14):2174-2200

Catchment sediment budget models are used to predict the location and rates of bank erosion in tropical catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, yet the reliability of these predictions has not been tested due to a lack of measured bank erosion data. This paper presents the results of a 3 year field study examining bank erosion and channel change on the Daintree River, Australia. Three different methods were employed: (1) erosion pins were used to assess the influence of riparian vegetation on bank erosion, (2) bench‐marked cross‐sections were used to evaluate annual changes in channel width and (3) historical aerial photos were used to place the short term data into a longer temporal perspective of channel change (1972–2000). The erosion pin data suggest that the mean erosion rate of banks with riparian vegetation is 6·5 times (or 85%) lower than that of banks without riparian vegetation. The changes measured from cross‐section surveys suggest that channel width has increased by an average of 0·74 (±0·47) m a^?1 over the study period (or ～0·8% yr^?1). The aerial photo results suggest that over the last 30 years the Daintree River has undergone channel contraction of the order of 0·25 m a^?1. The cross‐section data were compared against modelled SedNet bank erosion rates, and it was found that the model underestimated bank erosion and was unable to represent the variable erosion and accretion processes that were observed in the field data. The reach averaged bank erosion rates were improved by the inclusion of locally derived bed slope and discharge estimates; however, the results suggest that it will be difficult for catchment scale sediment budget models to ever accurately predict the location and rate of bank erosion due to the variation in bank erosion rates in both space and time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄渤海登陆热带气旋活动的统计分析   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

袁子鹏  张立祥 《气象》2005,31(6):39-42

利用中国气象局整编的1949-2000年的热带气旋资料,分析了52年间在黄渤海沿岸登陆的热带气旋的年际和季节分布、强度、移向和移速、源地及变性等气候特征,揭示了此类气旋大部分强度较强并易发生陆上变性,变性后增强的气旋的雏持时间较长等事实,并发现了其变性的高频地区位于黄海北部至中朝边境。  相似文献   

广州市37℃以上酷热天气形势及相关要素分析   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18  

黄忠  熊亚丽  林良勋 《气象》2005,31(7):24-27

对1951年以来广州市出现的37℃以上的酷热天气的形势特征和广州气象要素进行分析,发现这类天气多发生在地面气压场西北高东南低的形势之下,与副热带高压和热带气旋活动关系密切,二者的共同作用使广州附近多数情况下出现下沉气流。结果还表明,广州地面和低空吹偏北气流更易出现酷热天气,酷热天气还与前期的气温和降水等要素关系密切。  相似文献   

强热带风暴蒲公英引起太湖强风的成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李法然 《气象》2005,31(8):57-61

0407号强热带风暴(蒲公英)在浙江省乐清市登陆数小时后,300km外的太湖地区狂风大作,位于太湖南岸的太湖自动站7月3日13时极大风力达29.3m·s-1,超过了风暴近中心及途经地区测站的最大风速。这在湖州市历史记录中是从未有过的异常现象,在台风记录中也属罕见。  相似文献