An investigation of the effects of wave state and sea spray on an idealized typhoon using an air-sea coupled modeling system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘斌  管长龙  赵栋梁 《大气科学进展》2012,29(2):391-406

In this study, the impact of atmosphere-wave coupling on typhoon intensity was investigated using numerical simulations of an idealized typhoon in a coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean modeling system. The coupling between atmosphere and sea surface waves considered the effects of wave state and sea sprays on air-sea momentum flux, the atmospheric low-level dissipative heating, and the wave-state-affected sea- spray heat flux. Several experiments were conducted to examine the impacts of wave state, sea sprays, and dissipative heating on an idealized typhoon system. Results show that considering the wave state and sea-spray-affected sea-surface roughness reduces typhoon intensity, while including dissipative heating intensifies the typhoon system. Taking into account sea spray heat flux also strengthens the typhoon system with increasing maximum wind speed and significant wave height. The overall impact of atmosphere-wave coupling makes a positive contribution to the intensification of the idealized typhoon system. The minimum central pressure simulated by the coupled atmosphere-wave experiment was 16.4 hPa deeper than that of the control run, and the maximum wind speed and significant wave height increased by 31% and 4%, respectively. Meanwhile, within the area beneath the typhoon center, the average total upward air-sea heat flux increased by 22%, and the averaged latent heat flux increased more significantly by 31% compared to the uncoupled run.  相似文献   

Effects of the East Asian summer monsoon on tropical cyclone genesis over the South China Sea on an interdecadal time scale     

王鑫  周文  李崇银  王东晓 《大气科学进展》2012,29(2):249-262

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the South China Sea (SCS) during 1965-2004 was analyzed.The locations of TC genesis display evident seasonal changes,with the mean position of formation situated nort...  相似文献   

The potential impacts of warmer-continent-related lower-layer equatorial westerly wind on tropical cyclone initiation     

袁卓建  钱钰坤  戚锦典  吴俊杰 《大气科学进展》2012,29(2):333-343

Global climate models predict that the increasing Amazonian-deforestation rates cause rising tempera- tures (increases of 1.8℃ to 8℃ under different conditions) and Amazonian drying over the 21st century. Observations in the 20th century also show that over the warmer continent and the nearby western South At- lantic Ocean, the lower-layer equatorial westerly wind (LLEWW) strengthens with the initiation of tropical cyclones (TCs). The warmer-continent-related LLEWW can result from the Coriolis-force-induced deflection of the cross-equatorial flow (similar to the well-known heat-island effect on sea breeze) driven by the enhanced land-sea contrast between the warmer urbanized continents and relatively cold oceans. This study focuses on the processes relating the warmer-continent-related LLEWW to the TC initiation and demonstrates that the LLEWW embedded in trade easterlies can directly initiate TCs by creating cyclonic wind shears and forming the intertropical convergence zone. In addition to this direct effect, the LLEWW combined with the rotating Earth can boost additional updraft vapor over the high sea-surface temperature region (factor 1), facilitating a surface-to-midtroposphere moist layer (factor 2) and convective instability (factor 3) followed by diabatic processes. According to previous studies, the diabatic heating in a finite equatorial region also activates TCs (factor 4) on each side of the Equator with weak vertical shear (factor 5). Factors 1-5 are favorable conditions for the initiation of severe TCs. Statistical analyses show that the earliest signal of sustained LLEWW not only leads the earliest signal of sustained tropical depression by >3 days but also explains a higher percentage of total variance.  相似文献   

A Climatology of Extratropical Cyclones over East Asia During 1958–2001          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Yingxian  DING Yihui  LI Qiaoping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(3):261-277

A climatology of extratropical cyclones (ECs) over East Asia (20 -75 N, 60 -160 E) is analyzed by applying an improved objective detection and tracking algorithm to the 4-time daily sea level pressure fields from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. A total of 12914 EC processes for the period of 1958-2001 are identified, with an EC database integrated and EC activities reanalyzed using the objective algorithm. The results reveal that there are three major cyclogenesis regions: West Siberian Plain, Mongolia (to the south of Lake Baikal), and the coastal region of East China; whereas significant cyclolysis regions are observed in Siberia north of 60 N, Northeast China, and Okhotsk Sea-Northwest Pacific. It is found that the EC lifetime is largely 1-7 days while winter ECs have the shortest lifespan. The ECs are the weakest in summer among the four seasons. Strong ECs often appear in West Siberia, Northeast China, and Okhotsk Sea-Northwest Pacific. Statistical analysis based on k-means clustering has identified 6 dominating trajectories in the area south of 55 N and east of 80 E, among which 4 tracks have important impacts on weather/climate in China. ECs occurring in spring (summer) tend to travel the longest (shortest). They move the fastest in winter, and the slowest in summer. In winter, cyclones move fast in Northeast China, some areas of the Yangtze-Huaihe River region, and the south of Japan, with speed greater than 15 m s 1 . Explosively-deepening cyclones are found to occur frequently along the east coast of China, Japan, and Northwest Pacific, but very few storms occur over the inland area. Bombs prefer to occur in winter, spring, and autumn. Their annual number and intensity in 1990 and 1992 in East Asia (EA) are smaller and weaker than their counterparts in North America.  相似文献   

海南2008年秋季持续性暴雨过程的物理机制分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马学款  符娇兰  曹殿斌 《气象》2012,38(7):795-803

利用地面常规与加密自动站降水观测、卫星云图、NCEP FNL全球分析等资料对2008年10月12—14日海南持续暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。分析表明:热带低压、冷空气以及副热带高压三者的相互作用,导致海南低空出现持续的东(东南)风急流,该急流在海南东部沿海形成的向岸风辐合及地形强迫抬升是MCS的重要触发机制,其暖湿输送作用是暴雨区不稳定能量得以循环建立的主要途径。南海东北风冷涌前沿强辐合、潜热加热以及高空强辐散有利于热带扰动的发展与维持。热带低压与冷空气相互作用导致大气斜压性增强,地转强迫作用与惯性振荡机制使得低压北侧东北风急流加强。东北与东南急流之间的形变与辐合导致持续锋生过程,锋生强迫产生的热力直接环流上升支与低空急流左前侧次级环流上升支是对流系统发展的主要动力触发机制,低空强潜热加热也有利于对流向更高层次发展。  相似文献   

2012年6月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹勇 《气象》2012,38(9):1155-1160

2012年6月大气环流特征为:北半球极涡呈单极型,中心位于北地群岛附近,较常年略偏强,中高纬环流多小波动;西太平洋副热带高压接近常年同期,南支槽位于90°E附近,槽前西南气流明显。2012年6月,全国平均气温为20.2℃,较常年同期(19.8℃)偏高0.4℃,全国大部地区气温接近常年同期或略偏高。全国平均降水量为108.5 mm,较常年同期(97.6 mm)偏多11.2%。月内,我国主要天气气候事件有:南方降水过程频繁,部分地区洪涝灾害较重;东北大部降水偏多,局部暴雨成灾;25个省(市、区)遭受风雹灾害,其中新疆、山东、吉林、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等省(区)局部受灾较重;西南气象干旱解除,黄淮、江淮气象干旱持续发展;强热带风暴泰利、杜苏芮先后影响我国。  相似文献   

2012年9月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱奇峰 《气象》2012,38(12):1579-1584

2012年9月环流特征如下：北半球高纬度地区极涡呈单极型分布,中心略偏于西半球,北半球高纬度环流呈5波型分布,槽区分别位于亚洲西部、亚洲东部、太平洋中部、北美洲东部和欧洲西部。月内,西太平洋副热带高压西脊点位置变化较大,强度比常年同期偏强。9月,全国平均气温为16．6℃,与常年同期持平,全国平均降水量73．8mm,较常年同期（65．2mm）偏多13．2％。月内共出现6次降水过程,西北太平洋有3个热带气旋活动,没有热带气旋在我国登陆。北方多地出现低温冷冻灾害,16个省（区）遭受风雹灾害。  相似文献   

用支持向量机方法做登陆热带气旋站点大风预报   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

钱燕珍  孙军波  余晖  陈佩燕 《气象》2012,38(3):300-306

将支持向量机（SVM）回归方法应用于在登陆热带气旋影响下,每天00、06、12、18 UTC 4时次2分钟平均的站点风速预报。从2002-2007年热带气旋本身强度、站点地形情况和站点附近高低空环境场要素,设计相关因子,建立了4种预报模式,其中模式4的风速拟合误差的标准差为1.591 m·s~（-1）。用2008年8个登录热带气旋做独立样本检验,预报风速与实际风速的平均绝对值误差为1.750 m·s~（-1）,标准差为2.367 m·s~（-1）。结果表明,在适当的样本截取和预报因子选取后,SVM方法建模的风速预报48小时内效果较好。  相似文献   

福建热带气旋风雨空间分布特征及风险评估          下载免费PDF全文

张容焱  徐宗焕  游立军  高建芸  鲍瑞娟 《应用气象学报》2012,23(6):672-682

根据1961—2010年热带气旋资料,按登陆地段或移动路径将登陆影响福建的热带气旋分为11种路径,分析各种路径的致灾因子空间分布特征,结果表明:热带气旋雨灾最严重的区域位于北部和中部沿海,风灾最严重的是南部沿海;从路径来看,降水强度最强是登台入闽北路径,强风区域最大的是直接登陆闽南路径和登台入闽中部路径,风力最强的是登台入闽南路径。采用相关系数客观赋权法建立了致灾因子风险评估模型,分析不同热带气旋路径致灾因子风险等级,登台入闽中和登台入闽北路径风险最大,其次是直接登陆闽南和登陆珠江口及以东路径;高风险区域 (包括次高危险和高危险区) 集中在沿海地区、闽西和闽北的局部。  相似文献   

DIAGNOSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANISM OF THE EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE USING POTENTIAL VORTICITY INVERSION OF FRONTOGENESIS     

周毅  肖坤  宋辉 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2012,18(3):360-368

This paper diagnoses and analyses the developmental mechanism of a process of extratropical transition of a tropical cyclone which occurred over West Pacific Ocean based on a diagnosis method of potential vorticity inversion of frontogenesis.The study diagnoses quantitatively the role and effect of dynamic influence of westerly cold troughs,middle-latitude baroclinic frontal zones,cyclone cycles and unbalanced wind fields during the different stages of the extratropical transition of a tropical cyclone,and also discusses the interaction between them and the developmental mechanism.The results show that there are different developmental mechanisms during each stage of the extratropical transition and the processes are also unbalanced.  相似文献