中国南亚热带水库敞水区春季轮虫群落结构:基于分类特征和功能性状的分析     

陈旭繁  黄珂  章洁香  黄琦  刘平  韩博平 《湖泊科学》2021,33(5):1490-1499

轮虫是淡水后生浮游动物中种类最丰富的类群,是水体生态系统食物链的关键环节.很多种类的轮虫对环境变化敏感,环境条件的改变能够导致其群落结构的快速变化,因此,轮虫群落的组成与变化可从生态位角度得以解释.物种的功能性状可提供更强的生态适应性信号,轮虫的个体大小是反映其代谢与行为的综合性状,而咀嚼器、防御结构及防御行为则反映了它们对食物利用和应对捕食等方面的功能性状,轮虫群落中物种的这些功能性状组成反映了食物资源和捕食压力等对群落组成的选择作用.为了解我国南亚热带水库轮虫群落的结构特征,于2018年春季(3—5月)采集了我国华南地区43座水库敞水区的浮游动物定性样品和定量样品,同时测定了水温、水深、水体透明度及叶绿素a浓度等指标.共采集到轮虫19属45种,主要为营浮游生活的种类,异尾轮属(Trichocerca)和臂尾轮属(Brachionus)的种类最多,分别有10和7种.在轮虫个体大小上,群落中体长≤150 μm个体的丰度和生物量均占绝对优势(分别为83.11%和53.10%),体现出热带、亚热带地区轮虫群落以小个体种类占优势的一般特征;具有槌型咀嚼器、杖型咀嚼器的轮虫为优势咀嚼器功能群,分别占57.78%和33.14%;具背甲与棘刺的轮虫为主要优势防御结构功能群(66.59%).南亚热带水库春季轮虫群落在食物利用及应对捕食压力上的特点明显,冗余分析表明轮虫群落的种类组成及性状功能群的丰度组成显著地受到食物、温度及竞争的影响.  相似文献   

基于“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的河流水质变异与等级特征值分析方法     

韩豪杰  严星  赵娣  夏永秋  颜晓元 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):863-873

时空特征分析对全面掌握水质变异规律具有重要意义,但现有的水质时空特征分析方法仍存在水质变异次序不分、水质变幅极值不清、水质评价特征值不明等不足。为更加清晰地探析水质时空特征信息,以秦淮河为研究对象,参考工程水文学经验频率法,建立“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线用于探索流域内高/低活动区不同时间段和丰/枯水期不同河段水质变异特征,并与传统的箱线图法进行对比。结果表明:与箱线图相比,“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线可量化关键水质评判点与特征值信息,使水质时空变异过程更为清晰。在时间上“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的最佳形式为线性曲线,水质浓度一般不会发生突变;在空间上“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的最佳形式为指数曲线,水质浓度有较大可能发生突增。各时间段高活动区氮磷浓度大于低活动区,各水体断面丰水期氮磷浓度低于枯水期。该方法分析过程简单方便,结果直观有序,能将水质信息以统计规律自动反映出来,在水质采样点、采样时间和采样频率典型时可作为优选方法用于河流水质时空特征研究。  相似文献   

陕北定边盐湖卤水水位历史演变及其气候指示意义(1265—1949年)     

董凌霄  费杰 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):272-285

受自然环境和资料限制的原因,中国西北的季风边缘区内的湖泊千-百年时间尺度演变序列重建工作存在不足.历史文献中的湖泊演变信息丰富,有效利用可较好地解决这一问题.本文通过梳理历史文献记录的定边盐湖采盐方式资料,反演历史时期定边盐湖卤水水位,重建公元1265-1949年陕北定边盐湖卤水水位演变序列,该序列较好地指示出公元12...  相似文献   

Tropical cyclones and multiscale climate variability: The active western North Pacific Typhoon season of 2018     

Wu  Liang  Zhang  Hongjie  Feng  Tao  Tang  Yulian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):1-11

The 2018 typhoon season in the western North Pacific(WNP) was highly active, with 26 named tropical cyclones(TCs) from June to November, which exceeded the climatological mean(22) and was the second busiest season over the past twenty years. More TCs formed in the eastern region of the WNP and the northern region of the South China Sea(SCS). More TCs took the northeast quadrant in the WNP, recurving from northwestward to northward and causing heavy damages in China's Mainland(69.73 billion yuan) in 2018. Multiscale climate variability is conducive to an active season via an enhanced monsoon trough and a weakened subtropical high in the WNP. The large-scale backgrounds in 2018 showed a favorable environment for TCs established by a developing central Pacific(CP) El Ni?o and positive Pacific meridional mode(PMM)episode on interannual timescales. The tropical central Pacific(TCP) SST forcing exhibits primary control on TCs in the WNP and large-scale circulations, which are insensitive to the PMM. During CP El Ni?o years, anomalous convection associated with the TCP warming leads to significantly increased anomalous cyclonic circulation in the WNP because of a Gill-type Rossby wave response. As a result, the weakened subtropical high and enhanced monsoon trough shift eastward and northward, which favor TC genesis and development. Although such increased TC activity in 2018 might be slightly suppressed by interdecadal climate variability, it was mostly attributed to the favorable interannual background. In addition, high-frequency climate signals,such as intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs) and synoptic-scale disturbances(SSDs), interacted with the enhanced monsoon trough and strongly modulated regional TC genesis and development in 2018.  相似文献   

晚中新世以来亚洲季风阶段性演化的海陆记录   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑洪波  黄湘通  刘锐  强小科 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(2):103-109

本文在综合对比晚新生代以来中国黄土高原黄土一红粘土沉积、西北太平洋粉尘沉积、南海有孔虫、阿拉伯海有孔虫记录的基础上,探讨了大约8Ma以来亚洲季风的阶段性演化历史。结果发现,黄土高原粉尘沉积在8Ma前后大规模出现,在3．5Ma前后大幅增加;印度季风在8Ma前后形成(或显著加强);南海ODP1146站位浮游有孔虫Neoglcboquadrina丰度也有两次明显增加,表明海水表面温度不断降低和海洋生产力的增加,指示东亚冬季风作用增强。北太平洋()DP885／886钻孔风成粉尘通量也有增加,指示亚洲内陆进一步的干旱化和冬季风作用的增强。印度洋沉积通量在11Ma前后开始增加。在9～8Ma时出现峰值,表明喜马拉雅山和青藏高原南部逐渐隆起。当隆起达到足够高度时,导致亚洲内陆干旱气候带扩大,同时提供大量粉尘并向东传输到中国北方和北太平洋地区。青藏高原北缘山前盆地的沉积记录显示,在3．6Ma时,高原北部的进一步快速隆升过程可能影响到整个高原,从而导致亚洲内陆更加干旱化,东亚季风增强,粉尘沉积加快,南海及印度洋陆源沉积作用加剧。  相似文献   

青藏高原东部和湄公河盆地晚第四纪风化剥蚀与东亚季风演化在南海中的记录   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘志飞  Franck Bassinot  Giuseppe Siani 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(1):30-38

通过南海西南部湄公河口MD01—2393孔和MD97—2150孔的高分辨率粘土矿物和粒度分析,及铷、锶、钕同位素分析,揭示出青藏高原东部和湄公河盆地晚第四纪190ka以来的风化剥蚀和东亚季风演化历史。铷、锶、钕同位素研究证实这两个孔的陆源碎屑物质主要来源于湄公河流域的直接输入。蒙脱石／(伊利石 绿泥石)值和蒙脱石／高岭石值指示了化学风化历史,而陆源碎屑颗粒的粒径比值2．5～6．5μm／15～55μm则指示了湄公河沉积物的供给能力。相对高的比值发生在间冰期,表明强盛的夏季风降雨和减弱的冬季风环流;相对低的比值对应于冰期,表明强盛的冬季风和减弱的夏季风,揭示出东亚季风气候驱动的风化剥蚀演化历史。东亚季风演化的强弱与北半球夏季日射量基本呈线性关系,表明东亚季风演化的天文驱动机制。  相似文献   

西南区域持续性干旱事件的行星尺度和天气尺度扰动信号   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

钱维宏  张宗婕 《地球物理学报》2012,55(5):1462-1471

以2009-2010年发生在中国西南地区的持续性干旱事件为例,通过干旱和大气变量的物理分解得到了一些干旱事件发生的新认识.气象干旱多为年循环的气候干季与干旱扰动的叠加所致.一次干旱扰动大约为30-50天,而一次持续性干旱事件是由几次干旱扰动组成的.大气高度场和风场中存在三种时间尺度的扰动.一种是年际行星尺度的大气扰动,与ENSO冷暖事件有关,起源于赤道并传播到中高纬度地区需要2-4年.另一种是季节内行星尺度的大气扰动,与来自赤道地区的30-50天振荡有关.此外,大气中还存在天气尺度的扰动.利用行星尺度大气扰动向赤道外传播与天气尺度扰动的叠加,区域持续性干旱事件能够找到前期预报信号.  相似文献   

Late‐glacial and Holocene history of the dry forest area in the south Colombian Cauca Valley     

Juan Carlos Berrío  Henry Hooghiemstra  Robert Marchant  Orlando Rangel 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(7):667-682

Two sedimentary cores with pollen, charcoal and radiocarbon data are presented. These records document the Late‐glacial and Holocene dry forest vegetation, fire and environmental history of the southern Cauca Valley in Colombia (1020 m). Core Quilichao‐1 (640 cm; 3° 6′N, 76° 31′W) represents the periods of 13 150–7720 ¹⁴C yr BP and, following a hiatus, from 2880 ¹⁴C yr BP to modern. Core La Teta‐2 (250 cm; 3° 5′N, 76° 32′W) provides a continuous record from 8700 ¹⁴C yr BP to modern. Around 13 150 ¹⁴C yr BP core Quilichao‐1 shows an active Late‐glacial drainage system and presence of dry forest. From 11 465 to 10 520 ¹⁴C yr BP dry forest consists mainly of Crotalaria, Moraceae/Urticaceae, Melastomataceae/Combretaceae, Piper and low stature trees, such as Acalypha, Alchornea, Cecropia and Celtis. At higher elevation Andean forest comprising Alnus, Hedyosmum, Quercus and Myrica was common. After 10 520 ¹⁴C yr BP the floral composition of dry forest changed, with extensive open grass vegetation indicative of dry climatic conditions. This event may coincide with the change to cool and dry conditions in the second part of the El Abra stadial, an equivalent to the Younger Dryas. From 8850 ¹⁴C yr BP the record from La Teta indicates dry climatic conditions relative to the present, these prevailing up to 2880 ¹⁴C yr BP at Quilichao and to 2720 ¹⁴C yr BP at La Teta. Severe dryness reached maxima at 7500 ¹⁴C yr BP and 4300 ¹⁴C yr BP, when dry forest reached maximum expansion. Dry forest was gradually replaced by grassy vegetation, reaching maximum expansion around 2300 ¹⁴C yr BP. After 2300 ¹⁴C yr BP grassy vegetation remains abundant. Presence of crop taxa (a.o. Zea mays), disturbance indicators (Cecropia) and an increase in charcoal point to the presence of pre‐Columbian people since 2300 ¹⁴C yr BP. After 950 ¹⁴C yr BP, expansion of secondary forest taxa may indicate depopulation and abandonment of previously cultivated land. After 400 ¹⁴C yr BP, possibly related to the Spanish conquest, secondary forest expanded and charcoal concentrations increased, possibly indicating further reduction of cultivated land. During the past century, Heliotropium and Didymopanax became abundant in an increasingly degraded landscape. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and behavior of dissolved selenium speciation in the South China Sea and Malacca Straits during spring inter-monsoon period     

Wanwan Cao  Yan Chang  Shan Jiang  Jian Li  Zhenqiu Zhang  Jie Jin  Jianguo Qu  Guosen Zhang  Jing Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(8):1-2

Selenium(Se) has been recognized as a key trace element that is associated with growth of primary producers in oceans. During March and May 2018, surface water(67 samples) was collected and measured by HG-ICP-MS to investigate the distribution and behavior of selenite [Se(IV)], selenate [Se(VI)] and dissolved organic selenides(DOSe) concentrations in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE), South China Sea(SCS) and Malacca Straits(MS). It showed that Se(IV)(0.14–3.44 nmol/L) was the dominant chemical species in the ZRE, related to intensive manufacture in the watershed; while the major species shifted to DOSe(0.05–0.79 nmol/L) in the MS, associated with the wide coverage of peatland and intensive agriculture activities in the Malaysian Peninsula. The SCS was identified as the northern and southern sections(NSCS and SSCS) based on the variations of surface circulation.The insignificant variation of Se(IV) in the NSCS and SSCS was obtained in March, potentially resulting from the high chemical activity and related preferential assimilation by phytoplankton communities. Contrastively, the lower DOSe concentrations in the SSCS likely resulted from higher primary production and utilization during March. During May, the concentration of Se(IV) remained low in the NSCS and SSCS, while DOSe concentrations increased notably in the SSCS, likely due to the impact of terrestrial inputs from surface current reversal and subsequent accumulation. On a global scale, DOSe is the dominant Se species in tropical oceans, while Se(IV) and Se(VI) are major fractions in high-latitude oceans, resulting from changes in predominated phytoplankton and related biological assimilation.  相似文献   

1951—2017年热带气旋移动速度特征统计分析     

钟剑  韩苗苗  吴玉琴  孙一妹 《气象科学》2024,44(2):301-307

热带气旋移动速度是目前热带气旋研究热点之一。本文利用1951—2017年中国国家气象局最佳路径集资料,系统分析了西北太平洋海域热带气旋不同强度等级移动速度的年代际特征,初步探讨其原因,并对不同强度等级移动速度的分布特征进行系统诊断。结果表明,1951—2017年间平均移动速度(所有强度等级平均及对于大部分强度等级)呈现出减慢趋势,且主要体现在强热带气旋等级移动速度减慢;热带气旋向高纬度迁移趋势理论上将使移动速度增大而移动速度仍然减慢,说明气候因素是引起移动速度减慢的一个重要因素;不同强度等级平均移动速度、增强阶段基本相当,减弱阶段随强度减弱在初、中期明显增加,之后又逐渐减小,变性气旋移动速度显著增加;不同强度等级速度概率分布,增强阶段基本相同且相对集中,减弱阶段差异较大且相对分散,变性气旋最为分散。  相似文献