Features of eddy kinetic energy and variations of upper circulation in the South China Sea   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

He Zhigang  Wang Dongxiao  Hu Jianyu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(2):305-314

The features of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and the variations of upper circulation in theSouth China Sea (SCS) are discussed in this paper using geostrophic currents estimated from Maps of Sea Level Anomalies of the TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry data. A high EKE center is identified in the southeast of Vietnam coast with the highest energy level 1 400 cm2 ·s~(-2) in both summer and autumn. This high EKE center is caused by the instability of the current axis leaving the coast of Vietnam in summer and the transition of seasonal circulation patterns in autumn. There exists another high EKE region in the northeastern SCS, southwest to Taiwan Island in winter. This high EKE region is generated from the eddy activities caused by the Kuroshio intrusion and accumulates more than one third of the annual EKE, which confirms that the eddies are most active in winter. The transition of upper circulation patterns is also evidenced by the directions of the major axises of velocity variance ellipses between 10°and 14.5°N  相似文献   

黄河上游内蒙古段河床演变及其与水沙变化的关系     

师长兴 《地理科学》2016,36(6):895-901

对黄河内蒙古段河道大断面进行了连续4 a的测量,分析了断面泥沙冲淤与形态调整的变化过程;通过对河床形态指标变化与水沙条件的相关分析,揭示了河床调整主要的影响因素。结果显示：近4 a内不存在河槽萎缩的现象,整个河段河道存在总的冲刷降低的趋势,继承了自2004年以来该段河道以深度加大为主,河槽逐渐缓慢扩大的变化方向。整个河段平均从2011年汛后至2014年汛后,全断面冲刷了64 m²,河槽河底降低了0.16 m,河槽断面面积增加了4.4%,平均深度增加了4.9%,河槽宽度只增加了0.88%,河槽宽深比减小了4.8%。河槽冲刷和形态调整主要发生在2011年汛后至2012年汛后期间,与2012年较大的洪峰有关。分析河槽冲淤和断面形态变化与水沙条件的关系,结果显示滩唇高度、河槽过水面积、平均深度及宽深比变率与流量大小关系密切。滩唇高度、河槽过水面积、平均深度随着流量的增大而增加,宽深比随着流量的增大而减小。相反,河床断面面积和主槽宽度的变化与水沙条件的关系不显著。除了滩唇高度与平均含沙量有关外,平均含沙量和来沙系数与河床冲淤以及河槽形态变化之间关系都不显著。揭示出近年来内蒙河道主槽以垂向冲淤为主,并且流量变化控制着河槽冲淤与形态调整过程。  相似文献   

Formation Mechanisms and Geomorphic Evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans,Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River     

ZHAO Wuji  YIN Zhiqiang  XU Qiang  QIN Xiaoguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):578-589

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River(YR) of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages: early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.  相似文献   

水文干旱指数在汾河上游的适用性分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵雪花  赵茹欣 《水科学进展》2016,27(4):512-519

为准确评价水文干旱,客观合理地构建干旱指数。以汾河上游的月径流为研究对象,首先从逻辑斯特、正态、对数正态、威布尔分布中选择出最优分布,利用最优分布计算标准径流干旱指数（Standardized Streamflow Drought Index, SSDI）;其次依据标准正态曲线特点对水文干旱事件进行等级划分;最后将标准径流干旱指数与径流Z指数和距平指数进行分析比较,并根据汾河上游实际干旱情况验证标准径流指数的适用性。结果表明:对数正态分布对汾河上游月径流的拟合程度最佳,根据该分布计算得到的指数以及干旱等级与汾河上游历史记载的旱涝情况基本相符;汾河上游不同干旱等级出现频率相对于时间尺度的变化具有稳定性。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅造山带的地壳上地幔结构——近震反射观测结果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜枚  王有学  钱辉  王亚军  刘因  张立树  赵磊 《岩石学报》2008,24(7)

2002-2005年完成了穿越喜马拉雅山的宽频地震探测,采用了沿剖面紧密排列的台站布置并获得了近震中的反射波资料,这对地壳和岩石圈内部速度界面的研究有重要意义.地震数据及研究结果表明,青藏高原的地震主要发生于上地壳范围内,高原莫霍面反射波的纵波PmP与横波SmS波至清晰可辨且有很强的能量,在跨越雅鲁藏布江时PmP和SmS均发生了错动,表现为北深南浅.在改则至鲁谷沿线所记录到的发生在拉萨地块的Fw21事件的地震数据中,拉萨地块内部的莫霍面反射波,尤其是SmS波至非常清晰连续,地壳纵波平均速度为Vp=6.3km/s,表明拉萨地块内部Moho面平坦、连续,不存在突起与错位.在此Moho面之前出现壳内较强反射界面,埋深45kin可能正是下地壳的顶界面.P208事件中PmP和SmS均清晰可见,然而在距震中450km及其以远地段存在两个清晰的震相PLt及SLt,并且其能量很强,可能是位于160km深处的岩石圈底界面的反映.根据对近震资料的分析研究,本文建立了该地区的地壳上地幔的结构模型.  相似文献   

长江三角洲晚新生代沉积物磁性特征和磁性矿物及其指示意义   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

王张华  张丹李晓  陶士康  解燕 《中国地质》2008,35(4):670-682

笔者通过对长江三角洲平原晚新生代钻孔SG7孔沉积物的粒度和磁性分析,揭示磁性矿物类型随时间的演变,探讨新构造运动、气候、海平面等对本区沉积物源、沉积环境的耦合作用。研究结果显示,上新世磁性强弱相间,且达到全剖面最强,磁性矿物为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、针铁矿和黄铁矿,反映本区气候暖湿,发育山间湖泊,沉积物主要来自周边白龙港玄武岩的风化产物;早更新世早期,磁性为全剖面最弱,以磁铁矿为主,反映在构造沉降作用下,发生物源改变,即主要来自贫铁的中酸性浅成岩或喷出岩,同时沉积物主要为冰期的河道相沉积,反映山间河流/冲积扇环境;早更新世晚期至晚更新世末,磁性显著增强且和沉积物粗细变化一致,粗颗粒沉积物中磁性矿物以变质岩来源的粗粒磁铁矿为主,细粒沉积物中磁性矿物见针铁矿、赤铁矿和黄铁矿,反映古地理环境逐渐向冲积平原、滨海平原演变;自晚更新世晚期出现细粒磁赤铁矿和磁铁矿,反映长江上游物源的加入。全新世沉积物磁性较更新世泥质沉积物显著增强,反映长江河口、三角洲环境。  相似文献   

长江上游屏山至宜昌河道泥沙存贮量的变化及其地貌学意义   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许炯心 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):569-577

通过河流输沙分析研究了长江上游河道的悬移质泥沙存贮量及其变化。结果表明,1956～2000年屏山-宜昌河段历年的河道存贮量的变化可以划分为3个阶段,即两个泥沙存贮期和1个泥沙释放期。1956～1968年为第1个泥沙存贮期,河道泥沙存贮累积性增加,累计存贮量为4.0126×10⁸t,与这一时期人类活动导致的流域侵蚀加剧有密切的关系;1969～1983年为泥沙释放期,累积释放量为2.6533×10⁸t——支流水库大量修建,拦截了泥沙,下泄泥沙减少,进入长江干流的泥沙减少,含沙量降低,使得干流中前期存贮的泥沙发生侵蚀而释放;1984～2000年为第2个泥沙存贮期,累积存贮量为4.0733×10⁸t。金沙江下游重点产沙区产沙量增加,进入长江干流的泥沙增多,葛洲坝水库建成后投入运行,三峡水库大坝的建设,也导致长江干流河道中泥沙存贮量的增大。输入沙量、输出沙量和与流域面平均年降水量之间均存在较明显的正相关关系,而存贮量与降水量不相关,说明河道泥沙存贮对于降水量的变化不敏感。屏山-宜昌河道泥沙输移比的时间变化大致可以分为两个阶段,即在1956～1982年河道泥沙输移比呈增加趋势,1983～2000年则呈减小趋势。这种变化可以用河道泥沙存贮的变化来解释。长江上游屏山-宜昌河段河道泥沙存贮的时间变化与中游宜昌-武汉河段泥沙冲淤量的时间变化相位在一定程度上是相反的,说明上游河道泥沙存贮增多会导致中游河道泥沙存贮减少,上游河道泥沙存贮减少会导致中游河道泥沙存贮增多。  相似文献   

Brittle normal faulting in the highest-grade Sambagawa metamorphic rocks of central Shikoku, southwest Japan: Indication of the exhumation into the upper crustal level     

Abdel-Hamid El-Fakharani  Toru Takeshita   《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(5-6):303-322

Analysis of fault system in the high-P/T type Sambagawa metamorphic rocks of central Shikoku, southwest Japan, shows that conjugate normal faults pervasively developed in the highest-grade biotite zone (upper structural level) in three study areas (Asemi river, Oriu and Niihama areas). These conjugate normal faults consist of NE–SW to E–W striking and moderately north-dipping (set A), and NNW–SSE striking and moderately east dipping (set B) faults. The fault set A is dominant compared to the fault set B, and hence most of deformation is accommodated by the fault set A, leading to non-coaxial deformation. The sense of shear is inferred to be a top-to-the-WNW to NNW, based on the orientations of striation or quartz slickenfibre and dominant north-side down normal displacement. These transport direction by normal faulting is significantly different from that at D₁ penetrative ductile flow (i.e. top-to-the-W to WNW). It has also been found that these conjugate normal faults are openly folded during the D₃ phase about the axes trending NW–SE to E–W and plunging west at low-angles or horizontally, indicating that normal faulting occurred at the D₂ phase. D₂ normal faults, along which actinolite breccia derived from serpentinite by metasomatism sometimes occurs, perhaps formed under subgreenschist conditions (ca. 250 °C) in relation to the final exhumation of Sambagawa metamorphic rocks into the upper crustal level. The pervasive development of D₂ normal faults in the upper structural level suggests that the final exhumation of Sambagawa metamorphic rocks could be caused by “distributed extension and normal faulting (removal of overburden)” in the upper crust.  相似文献   

山东翟镇井田煤层风氧化特征及影响因素     

郭洪端  ;张太伦  ;董风宝 《山东地质》2008,(5):41-42

该文通过对翟镇井田上组煤风氧化特征及发育规律的分析,找出了影响煤层风氧化为煤层上覆煤系地层厚度、煤层顶板岩性和煤层顶板岩石的裂隙发育程度等多方面因素,依此为翟镇井田上组煤的风氧化范围的预测提供了依据。  相似文献   

Upper mantle beneath Kamchatka: The depth model and its relation to tectonics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. I. Gontovaya  S. V. Popruzhenko  I. V. Nizkous  S. E. Aprelkov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(2):165-174

The comparative analysis of geological-geophysical data on the deep structure of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the seismic tomography model of the upper mantle revealed the coordinated spatial structure of the regional lithosphere with outlining beneath eastern Kamchatka and the boundaries, thickness, and distribution area of the asthenolith, which was first defined under its central part. Low-velocity bodies connected with the velocity structure of the focal layer and its seismicity patterns are established under recent volcanic belts. It is shown that subordination of the upper mantle structure to fault tectonics is a dominant feature at some of its levels. The system of NW-trending faults in the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii area, which is likely responsible for significant horizontal displacements in the upper mantle, is most contrasting. It is assumed that defined asthenolith heterogeneities continue under the Sredinnyi (Median) Range.  相似文献