Quantifying Isotopic Heterogeneity of Candidate Reference Materials at the Picogram Sampling Scale          下载免费PDF全文

Michael H. Ramsey  Michael Wiedenbeck 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2018,42(1):5-24

We propose a method for quantifying the in situ heterogeneity of solid materials at the picogram test portion scale, illustrating its use by investigating the oxygen isotope ratio (¹⁸O^?/¹⁶O^?) of four quartz samples. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry, we could estimate the intrinsic heterogeneity using a large number (~ 100) of closely spaced duplicated measurements. An analysis of variance was then applied to these large data sets to extract the measurement repeatability (typically 0.10–0.15‰, 1s) from the total variability, thereby revealing a variability ranging from 0.18‰ to 2.3‰, which can be attributed to the genuine isotope ratio heterogeneities. A small proportion of outlying values were either rejected manually after inspection, or were accommodated using robust statistics. We also evaluated two distinct approaches for estimating and correcting instrumental drift; the use of a sub‐area of the test material (if shown to have sufficiently low heterogeneity) is judged to be preferable to using a piece of unrelated silicate glass that we believe to be homogeneous. We also compared three approaches for estimating measurement repeatability, from which we show that the ‘duplicate method’ applied to the reference material is preferable to using other methods based either on the drift monitoring material or on assessing residuals of the drift monitoring material after drift correction. Finally, here we propose a strategy for predicting the number of measurements on individual fragments of a material that would be required to achieve a specified target uncertainty.  相似文献   

面向配网带电作业机器人的激光雷达与视觉系统融合定位     

任青亭  李帅  吕鹏  张铜 《测绘通报》2021,(2):98-102,116

为提高配网带电作业机器人在开展带电作业时对导线的识别与定位的准确性,本文提出了一种基于单线激光雷达传感器与视觉系统融合的定位方法,获取导线的空间三维坐标。并通过研究多传感器在户外强光环境下的工作特点,提出了基于激光雷达深度信息与图像信息的多传感器融合算法。首先利用激光雷达与相机事先进行像素级标定,使图像像素与激光雷达深度点云一一对应;然后利用Canny算法与霍夫变换,获取图像中作业导线;最后计算出导线与雷达点云空间中相交部分空间位置,实现机器人在户外强光下高精度、高效率地进行导线识别定位,帮助机器人完成抓取导线等动作。  相似文献   

无人机平台的沙漠场地BRDF特征观测方法及建模     

陶炳成  胡秀清  杨磊库  张璐  陈林  徐娜  王玲  吴瑞强  张督锋  张鹏 《遥感学报》2021,25(9):1964-1977

目标双向反射分布函数BRDF（Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function）不仅是陆面遥感的关键地球物理参数,也是星载光学遥感仪器基于地面目标的场地辐射校正重要参量,是影响定标精度的关键要素。传统野外地物多角度测量使用的观测设备,一般其结构较为复杂,重量体积较大,而且运输和组装过程繁琐,观测目标时容易受地形和交通限制,难以进行高效快速精确的野外测量。近年来,无人机由于其设备操作简便、运输和观测方式灵活等方面的优点,可作为新的观测平台应用于当前遥感试验中。本文设计了一种基于无人机平台的地表BRDF测量装置、观测方案和数据处理流程。利用多旋翼低空无人机和云台的组合,搭载野外地物光谱仪和跟拍相机,通过对地面目标多角度观测和高精度定位及角度控制,实现针对固定目标的多方位角和天顶角观测。本文采用上述设计方案和观测流程,在敦煌辐射校正场开展多次稳定均匀沙漠目标的多角度光谱观测试验,并利用实验观测数据,基于Ross-Li核驱动模型推算了场地BRDF模型参数,并与MODIS的陆表BRDF产品（MCD43C1）及反射率产品（MOD/MYD09）进行对比验证。通过开展野外实验,核验了这种新的BRDF观测手段的可靠性,获取的敦煌地表BRDF参数与MODIS遥感产品有良好的一致性,各波段的相对偏差在5%以内。本研究表明,基于多旋翼无人机的BRDF观测系统,提供了一种全新的地物目标方向反射特性观测方法,可用于自动化高频次场地特性观测以及卫星同步定标等野外实验活动。在保证观测精度的同时,极大地减轻人力物力的投入,值得广泛推广应用。  相似文献   

L波段探空观测偏差分析及订正算法研究     

胡姮  曹云昌  梁宏 《气象》2019,45(4):511-521

为了探讨探空观测的水汽可降水量资料的可靠性,本文以GNSS/MET遥感的大气可降水量为参照标准,对广东汕头站2013年以及西藏那曲站2016年6月至2017年5月的两种可降水量观测结果进行对比分析和偏差订正。经过研究分析表明:两个站探空可降水量相比地基GNSS可降水量偏干,偏差分别为7. 4%和9. 8%。探空可降水量的偏差显示具有季节变化和日变化的特征,其中夏季偏差较明显,00时比12时明显。太阳辐射加热引起的地面气温的日变化和季节变化是造成偏差的重要原因。本文根据太阳辐射偏差订正经验公式,对两个站的探空可降水量进行偏差订正,订正后偏差明显减少。  相似文献   

Latest Progress of the Chinese Meteorological Satellite Program and Core Data Processing Technologies     

Peng ZHANG  Qifeng LU  Xiuqing HU  Songyan GU  Lei YANG  Min MIN  Lin CHEN  Na XU  Ling Sun  Wenguang BAI  Gang MA  Di XIAN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):1027-1045

In this paper,the latest progress,major achievements and future plans of Chinese meteorological satellites and the core data processing techniques are discussed.First,the latest three FengYun(FY)meteorological satellites(FY-2H,FY-3D,and FY-4A)and their primary objectives are introduced Second,the core image navigation techniques and accuracies of the FY meteorological satellites are elaborated,including the latest geostationary(FY-2/4)and polar-orbit(FY-3)satellites.Third,the radiometric calibration techniques and accuracies of reflective solar bands,thermal infrared bands,and passive microwave bands for FY meteorological satellites are discussed.It also illustrates the latest progress of real-time calibration with the onboard calibration system and validation with different methods,including the vicarious China radiance calibration site calibration,pseudo invariant calibration site calibration,deep convective clouds calibration,and lunar calibration.Fourth,recent progress of meteorological satellite data assimilation applications and quantitative science produce are summarized at length.The main progress is in meteorological satellite data assimilation by using microwave and hyper-spectral infrared sensors in global and regional numerical weather prediction models.Lastly,the latest progress in radiative transfer,absorption and scattering calculations for satellite remote sensing is summarized,and some important research using a new radiative transfer model are illustrated.  相似文献   

THE INVERSE PROBLEM OF KLEIN-GORDON EQUATION BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM AND ITS APPLICATION IN DATA ASSIMILATION     

慕熙昱  徐琪  程浩  孙康远  徐芬  刘国庆 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(1):92-101

Since the solution of elliptic partial differential equations continuously depends on the boundary condition, the Euler equation derived from variational method cannot be solved without boundary condition. It is often difficult to provide the exact boundary condition in the practical use of variational method. However, in some application problems such as the remote sensing data assimilation, the values can be easily obtained in the inner region of the domain. In this paper, the boundary condition is tried to be retrieved by using part solutions in the inner area. Firstly, the variational problem of remote sensing data assimilation within a circular area is established. The Klein-Gordon elliptic equation is derived from the Euler method of variational problems with assumed boundary condition. Secondly, a computer-friendly Green function is constructed for the Dirichlet problem of two-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation, with the formal solution according to Green formula. Thirdly, boundary values are retrieved by solving the optimal problem which is constructed according to the best approximation between formal solutions and high-accuracy measurements in the interior of the domain. Finally, the assimilation problem is solved on substituting the retrieved boundary values into the Klein-Gordon equation. It is a type of inverse problem in mathematics. The advantage of this method lies in that it overcomes the inherent instability of the inverse problem of Fredholm integral equation and alleviates the error introduced by artificial boundary condition in data fusion using variational method in the past.  相似文献   

杯式风速传感器现场校准方法     

李建宇 《气象科技》2019,47(5):752-756

针对目前业务上风速传感器现场校准方法存在的不足,通过改进气象部门广泛使用的杯式风速传感器现场校准设备,利用启动风速校验仪对风速传感器进行低风速段的校准,从而解决风速校验仪无法检测风速传感器整体性能的问题,实现了杯式风速传感器到实验室风洞标准的量值溯源。利用改进后的现场校准方法对风速传感器校准后,拟合出的线性回归方程与风洞检定结果进行比对发现,改进后的方法基本上能满足风速传感器现场校准的需要。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the WRF-Lake Model over Two Major Freshwater Lakes in China     

Yuanyuan MA  Yi YANG  Chongjian QIU  Chenghai WANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(2):219-235

This paper evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model coupled with a lake scheme over the Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting regions. We choose several cases with different weather characteristics, including winter with/without precipitation and summer with/without precipitation, and conduct a series of experiments(without the lake model, with the default lake model, and with a calibrated lake model that adjusts the water absorption, extinction coefficients, and surface roughness length) for each case. The results show that the performance of the lake model is significantly affected by the weather conditions. For the winter with precipitation cases, the performance of the default lake model is even worse than without the lake model, but the calibrated lake model can obviously reduce the biases of 2-m temperature and dew-point temperature. Although the performance of the default and new calibrated models is intricate for other cases, the new calibrated model has prominent advantages for 2-m dew-point temperature. Moreover, a long-term simulation of five months also shows that the new calibrated coupled lake model performs better than the default one. These imply that the new calibrated coupled lake model is more suitable to be used in studies of the effects of Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting on regional weather and climate.  相似文献   

十二位置标定法在钻孔测斜仪校正中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李忠  李扬  赵燕来 《探矿工程》2021,48(5):76-82

磁性钻孔测斜仪所使用的磁传感器和加速度传感器由于自身特性的差异以及生产装配的原因,给传感器输出带来了误差,造成测斜仪顶角和方位角计算出现偏差。为此采用了一种十二位置标定方法,依靠垂直方向的地磁场分量和重力加速度,对磁传感器和加速度传感器的三轴零位偏差、灵敏度误差和安装误差进行了校正。校正前后的对比实验显示：测斜仪顶角均方误差由0.5°减小为0.06°,方位角均方误差由校正前的21.75°减小到0.82°,表明该方法校正效果明显,可以满足测斜仪工程化应用的要求。  相似文献   

基于矩张量反演的传感器校准方法应用和对比     

任义  高永涛  吴顺川  李栋栋 《岩土力学》2022,43(6):1738-1748

矩张量反演理论是研究深部岩体破裂机制的有效手段,而监测台站/传感器校准对获取准确的矩张量结果十分重要。为求得更加准确的校准系数和矩张量结果,提出一种新的传感器校准方法——搜索校准法。将该方法和监测网校准法分别应用于加利福尼亚州北部的Geysers地热田微震监测数据中,并综合考虑不同震源机制参数、预设校准系数、噪声添加方式及噪声水平等因素的影响,进行两种校准方法有效性对比的理论计算和模拟分析。结果表明：两种校准方法均可通过微震监测数据获得稳定的校准系数,且校准后的震源成分及应力状态分布均更加集中;所有模拟工况下,两种校准方法均可有效降低矩张量反演误差;低噪声条件下,两种方法对应的矩张量反演误差较小且十分接近;混合噪声和高噪声条件下,搜索校准法的准确性和稳定性多优于监测网校准法;进而优选出Geysers地热田微震监测数据更加可靠的矩张量结果。研究思路和结论为微地震矩张量研究提供了进一步指导。  相似文献