轮南油田原油中三甲基苯基类异戊二烯化合物的检出及其意义     

卢鸿孙永革  彭平安 《高校地质学报》2004,10(2):283-289

轮南油田不同时代储层原油中检出了丰富的三甲基苯基类异戊二烯化合物。该类化合物被普遍认为是来自于高盐度和强还原水体沉积环境中绿硫菌体内的类胡萝卜素的特征性生物标志化合物。该类化合物的检出对轮南油田烃源岩研究具有重要的指示意义，暗示了具有分层水体或高盐度的强还原环境下发育的优势烃源岩，对该区烃类的主力生烃贡献不容忽视。基于C15-3，4，5-三甲基苯基类异戊二烯异构体在轮南油田原油中的分布规律，及C15-3，4，5／C13-2，3，6-比值与Pr／Ph，Ga／C31H和Ts／Tm等常规地球化学参数的对比，说明具有生源意义、能够指示沉积相特征的三甲基苯基类异戊二烯化合物分布，在一定程度上也受烃类热演化程度的影响。  相似文献   

长江下游湖泊水体中有色可溶性物质的生物光学模式   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

杨顶田  陈伟民  曹文熙 《遥感学报》2005,9(4):387-392

通过2001年7月至2002年12月对长江下游的太湖、巢湖、龙感湖水体中有色可溶性物质的光吸收及荧光特性的研究发现:在对S值进行测定时,所测得的S值为0·0046nm-1(SD=0·0015,n=284),与文献中的0·014nm-1相差较大,可能是由于高浓度的DOC受到激发后在蓝光波段释放较强荧光的缘故;荧光强度与水体中DOC含量之间的关系较难确定,DOC与350nm光吸收(a(350nm))之间呈现较强的线性关系,其相关值达到0·673(n=284);荧光强度与a(350nm)之间线性关系相对较弱,其相关值为0·497(n=214);从上面的结果可以看出,用荧光的方法直接测定DOC含量的可信度相对较低,而直接利用光吸收测定的可信度较高。  相似文献   

Uptake and depuration of PAHs and chlorinated pesticides by semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis)     

Bruce J. Richardson  Edmund S.-C. Tse  Sharon B. De Luca-Abbott  Michael Martin  Paul K.S. Lam 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):975

Semi-batch seawater experiments were conducted to follow the uptake and release of selected PAHs (anthracene, fluorathene, pyrene and B[a]P) and organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p′-DDT) in semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis). Mathematical models were applied to describe the uptake and elimination curves of the contaminants for SPMDs, and kinetic parameters, such as uptake rate constants, and equilibrium triolein/water partitioning coefficients were calculated. SPMD data showed a good fit to estimate rate constant and partition coefficient equations, but only those contaminants which partitioned mainly in the dissolved phase (α-HCH and dieldrin) were well explained for mussels. Poor conformity of the other contaminants indicated mussels uptake by routes other than diffusion, such as ingestion of algae. An apparent equilibrium state was only noted for α-HCH in mussels. Aldrin was not detected in mussels in the first few days of exposure, indicating potential metabolism of this compound. B[a]P was not detected in the triolein of SPMDs, which suggests that the membrane may act as a reservoir. Loss of spiked B[a]P from the triolein was evident in a depuration experiment, which may indicate transfer to the membrane. Rate constants for mussels were higher than those for SPMDs, but the reverse was true for partition coefficients. Overall, mussels and SPMDs had similar uptake rates for all compounds in this study, excluding p,p′-DDT and dieldrin. Contaminant elimination took place more rapidly in mussels, implying that SPMDs are better candidates for detecting episodic discharge of organic contaminants.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and mRNA expression of cytochrome P4501A1 and 1A2 in the liver of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)     

Satoko Niimi  Michio X. Watanabe  Eun-Young Kim  Hisato Iwata  Genta Yasunaga  Yoshihiro Fujise  Shinsuke Tanabe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):784

This study presents full-length cDNA sequences of CYP1A1 and 1A2, in common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from the North Pacific. Both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 cDNAs had an open reading frame of 516 amino acid residues, and predicted molecular masses were 58.3 kDa and 58.1 kDa, respectively. The deduced full-length amino acid sequence of CYP1A1 revealed higher identities with those of sheep (86%) and pig (87%), and that of CYP1A2 was most closely related to human (82%) and monkey CYP1A2 (82%) among species from which CYP1A2 has been isolated so far. Differences in certain conserved and functional amino acid residues of CYP1A1 and 1A2 between common minke whale and other mammalian species indicate the possibility of their specific metabolic function. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs) including PCBs and DDTs analyzed in common minke whale liver showed no significant correlation with hepatic mRNA expression levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, indicating no induction of these enzymes by such OCs.  相似文献   

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Pilar Fernández  Guillem Carrera  Joan O. Grimalt 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(3):263-273

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Export of dissolved organic carbon from agricultural streams in Illinois, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Todd V. Royer  Mark B. David 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(4):465-471

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Effects of clay mineral turbidity on dissolved organic carbon and bacterial production     

Todd Tietjen  Anssi V. Vähätalo  Robert G. Wetzel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(1):51-60

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太湖流域某地区浅层地下水有机污染特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈鸿汉  何江涛  刘菲  刘立才  李炳华 《地质通报》2005,24(8):735-739

对太湖流域某地区浅层地下水有机污染特征进行了总结，并就污染来源、污染途径和典型污染源附近浅层地下水有机污染特征等问题进行了研究。研究结果表明，该地区浅层地下水中各组分的检出率较高，但检出浓度较低，除苯在个别采样点处超出美国环保局（EPA）饮用水标准外，其余卤代烃和单环芳烃组分均没有超标；平面分布上，卤代烃和单环芳烃各组分的浓度高值点大都集中于该地区东南部的工业区内，这种空间分布特征与工业区的分布具有明显的一致性；垂向上有浅部地下水的污染程度相对较重、深部地下水较轻的特点；典型污染源周边浅层地下水的污染程度较重，但随着采样点远离污染源，地下水中各有机污染组分的浓度迅速衰减。  相似文献   

层序地层地球化学及其在油气勘探中的作用     

李美俊  李思田  杨龙  胡礼国  刘晓峰  孙素青 《地学前缘》2005,12(3):219-226

层序地层地球化学主要研究基于层序地层格架下的烃源层空间分布特征和源岩有机质的地球化学性质随层序、体系域的变化规律。以大民屯凹陷为实例的研究结果表明,层序地层地球化学研究在油气勘探中具有4个方面的主要作用:(1)预测未钻井或未取心地区烃源层空间分布特征和源岩有机质地球化学性质;(2)通过细化烃源岩评价单元,提高资源量计算中烃源岩体积估算和有机质性质评价的精度;(3)为基于层序地层格架的油气成藏系统研究提供“油气源”和“资源量”的要素;(4)可以作为盆地沉积充填分析的线索,并对已建立的层序地层格架进行检验和校正。层序地层地球化学研究不仅对中国东部老油田隐蔽油气藏的勘探工作具有重要的意义,对勘探程度低、钻井少、源岩取心少的西部含油气盆地中的烃源岩评价工作更为有效。  相似文献   

上流式曝气生物滤池深度处理炼油厂外排污水   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

崔康平  钟佐燊  沈照理 《地学前缘》2005,12(Z1):55-60

炼油厂外排污水水质复杂,可生化性已较差,但上流式曝气生物滤池对其有较好的处理效果.研究结果表明曝气生物滤池处理炼油厂外排污水在有机负荷(COD)为 4.39 kg·m-3·d-1、水力负荷为3 m3· m-2·h-1、气水比为31下,COD、NH3-N的去除率达到81.9%、73.2%;曝气生物滤池的主要影响因素依次是水力负荷、气水比、有机负荷;得到的经验速度方程与Monod方程基本吻合.该实验为炼油厂外排污水再生回用提供了一种工艺方法.  相似文献