近44 a中国冬夏气温变率及其对区域变暖性的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

吴胜安  江志红  屠其璞 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(6):830-836

利用近44a中国85个测站冬夏季逐日平均、最高和最低气温序列,研究冬夏季温度季节变率及其时空演变特征,探讨其对区域变暖稳定性的影响。结果表明：冬季,除高原、西南、东北以外的中国大部分地区,温度的季节变率存在显著下降趋势,是近期变暖的稳定区,其中变暖最为稳定、显著的区域是西北、华北地区,东北北部虽变暖幅度很大,但稳定性最差;夏季,长江中下游及其江南地区温度变率存在显著上升趋势,20世纪70年代后年际变幅明显增大,表明该地区80年代降温的稳定性差。  相似文献   

西安市气候变暖与城市热岛效应问题研究   总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文

田武文黄祖英  胡春娟 《应用气象学报》2006,17(4):438-443

选取1961—2003年西安站和周围4站月平均气温资料, 利用西安站与周围4站气温距平滑动平均变化趋势的差异, 发现该站平均气温有两个明显的上升期, 热岛效应使西安站平均升温1.07 ℃, 并建立了西安市城市热岛效应模型。在此基础上分离了气候变暖过程中由于城市热岛效应引起的增温作用。  相似文献   

A comparative study of geothermal and meteorological records of climate change in Kamchatka     

V. Čermák  J. Šafanda  L. Bodri  M. Yamano  E. Gordeev 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(4):675-695

To reconstruct the recent climate history in Kamchatka, a series of repeated precise temperature logs were performed in a number of boreholes located in a broad east-west strip (between 52 and 54°N) in the central part of Kamchatka west of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski. Within three years more than 30 temperature logs were performed in 10 holes (one up to six logs per hole) to the depth of up to 400 metres. Measured temperature gradients varied in a broad interval 0 to 60 mK/m and in some holes a sizeable variation in the subsurface temperatures due to advective heat transport by underground water was observed. Measured data were compared with older temperature profiles obtained in the early eighties by Sugrobov and Yanovsky (1993). Even when older data are of poorer precision (accuracy of about 0.1 K), they presented valuable information of the subsurface temperature conditions existing 20–25 years ago. Borehole observations and the inverted ground surface temperature histories (GSTHs) used for the paleoclimate reconstruction were complemented with a detailed survey of meteorological data. Namely, the long-term surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation records from Petropavlovsk station (in operation since 1890) were used together with similar data from a number of local subsidiary meteo-stations operating in Central Kamchatka since 1950. Regardless of extreme complexity of the local meteorological/climate conditions, diversity of borehole sites and calibration of measuring devices used during the whole campaign, the results of the climate reconstruction supported a general warming of about 1 K characteristic for the 20th century, which followed an inexpressive cooler period typical for the most of the 19th century. In the last three to four decades the warming rate has been locally increasing up to 0.02 K/year. It was also shown that the snow cover played a dominant role in the penetration of the climate “signal” to depth and could considerably smooth down the subsurface response to the changes occurred on the surface.  相似文献   

Perspectives on present-day sea level change: a tribute to Christian le Provost     

Alix Lombard  Anny Cazenave  Pierre Yves Le Traon  Stephanie Guinehut  Cécile Cabanes 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(5-6):445-451

In this paper, we first discuss the controversial result of the work by Cabanes et al. (Science 294:840–842, 2001), who suggested that the rate of past century sea level rise may have been overestimated, considering the limited and heterogeneous location of historical tide gauges and the high regional variability of thermal expansion which was supposed to dominate the observed sea level. If correct, this conclusion would have solved the problem raised by the IPCC third assessment report [Church et al, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 881, 2001], namely, the factor two difference between the 20th century observed sea level rise and the computed climatic contributions. However, recent investigations based on new ocean temperature data sets indicate that thermal expansion only explains part (about 0.4 mm/year) of the 1.8 mm/year observed sea level rise of the past few decades. In fact, the Cabanes et al.’s conclusion was incorrect due to a contamination of abnormally high ocean temperature data in the Gulf Stream area that led to an overestimate of thermal expansion in this region. In this paper, we also estimate thermal expansion over the last decade (1993–2003), using a new ocean temperature and salinity database. We compare our result with three other estimates, two being based on global gridded data sets, and one based on an approach similar to that developed here. It is found that the mean rate of thermosteric sea level rise over the past decade is 1.5±0.3 mm/year, i.e. 50% of the observed 3 mm/year by satellite altimetry. For both time spans, past few decades and last decade, a contribution of 1.4 mm/year is not explained by thermal expansion, thus needs to be of water mass origin. Direct estimates of land ice melt for the recent years account for about 1 mm/year sea level rise. Thus, at least for the last decade, we have moved closer to explaining the observed rate of sea level rise than the IPCC third assessment report.  相似文献   

西北地区3-9月降水量与ENSO的联系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王国荣  罗哲贤  赵东 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):849-856

利用1950-2005年全球陆地月平均降水资料,分析了中国西北地区3-9月平均降水量(Rm)与ENSO的统计关系.结果表明:在全球变暖背景下,厄尔尼诺当年(次年)西北地区Rm偏少(偏多)的关系依然稳定存在,并且随着全球增暖,该关系表现得更稳定.西北地区,尤其是西北地区东部是同纬度带主要干旱半干旱区中Rm与ENSO联系最紧密、最稳定的区域.北半球主要干旱半干旱区中,厄尔尼诺当年Rm偏少,次年Rm偏多的关系仅存在于中国北部地区.我国西北地区东部厄尔尼诺事件当年(次年)Rm偏少(偏多),我国西北地区西部38°N以南厄尔尼诺事件当年(次年)Rm偏多(偏少),存在着明显的东西部差异.  相似文献   

气候变暖对云南烤烟生产影响的初步分析     

张家智  张茂松 《河南气象》2007,(4)

通过对云南6个烤烟种植区35 a来烤烟大田生长期气温资料的初步分析发现:云南省6个烤烟生产区烤烟大田生长季平均气温呈明显升高趋势,热量条件有较明显的改善;各烟区烤烟成熟—采烤期气候变暖趋势一致性好、增温最突出、增幅最大,增温幅度达到了0.0155~0.0356℃/a,这在一定程度上缓和了云南省烤烟生产过程中烤烟生长中、后期高温不足这一制约云南烤烟品质提高的气候瓶颈问题,对提高云南省烟叶品质有十分重要的促进作用。  相似文献   

Study on Two Categories of Sudden Stratospheric Warming   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Hengde  GAO Shouting  LU Weisong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(4):450-464

  相似文献   

塔里木河流域冰川洪水对气候变暖的响应     

沈永平  王国亚  邵春  Mao Weiyi  Wang Shunde 《气候变化研究进展》2007,3(Z1):51-56

In past 50 years, the air temperature fluctuation was raising trend in Tarim River Basin. The annual mean temperature has increased by 0.3℃ in the whole Tarim River Basin, and by 0.6℃ in the mountain areas. With global warming, the frequency of unstable and extreme climatic events increased, glaciers retreating accelerated and snow meltwater increased have resulted in the more frequency of snow-ice disasters such as glacier debrisflow and glacier flash flood etc. Since 1980s, in the process of intense climate warming, glaciers melting intensified, ice temperature rose and glaciers flows accelerated, and lead to more glacial lakes and extending water storage capacity and stronger glacial lake outburst floods occurrence. It is proposed that the monitoring and evaluating of the impact of climate change on water resources and floods should be enhanced.  相似文献   

太原气候变暖特征及主要极端天气气候事件变化研究     

张军  周晋红 《山西气象》2007,(3):21-24

近45a来，太原平川和山区年平均气温为明显上升趋势，夜间增温是太原气候变暖的一个重要特征。1986年、1993年分别为山区和平川年平均气温转折年份，山区从1985年开始冬季平均气温发生突变。近45a来，太原年降水量呈减少趋势，主要是夏、秋季降水减少造成。在气候变暖的背景下，太原平川和山区年暴雨日数变化平稳，高温和春旱发生频次在增加，山区夏旱也呈缓慢增加趋势；太原山区霜期明显缩短，初霜在推迟，终霜在提前。  相似文献   

青藏高原及其邻近地区近30年气候变暖与海拔高度的关系   总被引：51，自引：10，他引：41  

刘晓东  侯萍 《高原气象》1998,17(3):245-249

利用青藏高原及其邻近地区１６５个站１９６１～１９９０年月平均地面气温资料,分析了气候变暖与海拔高度的关系。结果表明：近３０年青藏高原及其相邻地区的地面气候变暖与海拔高度有关,变暖的幅度一般随海拔高度升高而增大,海拔高度在５００ｍ以下,５００～１５００,１５００～２５００,２５００～３５００及３５００ｍ以上等不同高度范围内台站下平均的平均温度的增温率分别为０．０,０．１１,０．１２,０．１９和０．２  相似文献