基于多普勒天气雷达的低空多普勒速度的切变识别算法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫文辉  黄兴友  李盈盈  杨敏  刘燕斐 《热带气象学报》2019,35(2):253-261

低空风切变是影响航空器起飞和着陆安全的重要因素,利用多普勒天气雷达径向速度数据,从风的空间和时间变化上对低空风切变的识别进行了研究,并利用一次飑线过程和一次低空急流过程的资料对识别算法进行了验证。识别算法的核心是分别计算二维合成风切变、垂直风切变和时间风切变。在计算二维合成风切变时,先利用风切变强度因子自适应地选择拟合“窗口”的大小,再利用最小二乘线性拟合方法,得到水平风切变。结果表明:自适应多尺度最小二乘法得到的合成风切变,在低空风切变识别效果、切变连续性和边缘数据处理等方面都优于我国多普勒天气雷达的PUP合成风切变;垂直风切变反映了雷达径向速度的高低空配置情况;时间风切变可提供径向速度随时间的变化情况。算法还可应用于民航机场低空风切变的识别和预警。   相似文献   

基于最优概率的中期延伸期过程累计降水量分级订正预报     

牛若芸 《热带气象学报》2019,35(6):721-731

采用ECMWF集合预报降水量资料和中国降水量观测资料,研发了基于最优概率的过程累计降水量分级订正预报(OPPF)技术,并在遵循总体技术思路的基础上设计出三种不同的OPPF计算方案(OPPF1、OPPF2、OPPF3),继而选用2015—2017年汛期(5—9月)中国91次区域性强降水过程进行回报试验和预报效果对比评估,结果表明:(1)在中期延伸期预报时效(96~360小时),对强降水和有无降水的预报效果,三种OPPF均明显优于集合平均(EMPF)和控制预报(CTPF);对中等以上或较强以上强度降水的预报效果,OPPF1和OPPF3明显优于CTPF、与EMPF基本接近。(2)三种OPPF相比,OPPF3的预报效果较OPPF1总体略胜一筹,两者均好于OPPF2。(3)预报效果存在明显的地域差异,南方地区强降水预报的TS评分明显大于北方地区,且OPPF3预报效果明显优于EMPF;在96~240小时预报时效,东北地区东部OPPF3强降水的预报效果也明显好于EMPF。   相似文献   

鄂东铁矿成矿地质特征与找矿预测     

王瑜  李朗田  苏绍明 《地质与勘探》2007,43(1):17-25

鄂东铁矿地处长江中下游铁铜多金属成矿带西部,三叠系下统大冶群及中上统蒲圻群是鄂东铁铜矿主要成矿地层,岩浆夕卡岩型铁铜矿成矿与其关系密切.侵入接触带构造,捕虏体接触带构造,断裂叠加接触带构造,断裂构造是矿床的容矿构造.以中酸性岩为主的燕山期岩浆岩提供了主要的成矿物质来源.文章在系统研究以往地质物探资料的基础上,阐述了鄂东地区铁矿成矿地质特征,总结了该区铁矿的成矿规律,并进行了成矿预测,提出了下一步鄂东地区铁矿找矿方向.  相似文献   

基于“葵花8号”气象卫星的陇东南地区强对流识别跟踪技术研究     

王小龙  王彤  李映春  李娟  邓卓雅  王秀花  谢蕊  安斌 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(5):56-61

利用常规观测资料、区域自动站资料和“葵花8号”气象卫星资料,对2016年4—9月甘肃省陇东南地区出现的43次强对流天气过程进行分析,确立了强对流云团识别指标、追踪方法及预报指标,并对2018年部分个例进行效果检验。结果表明：（1）利用卫星B13通道（10.4μm）亮温值TBB≤238 K或B08通道（6.2μm）与B13通道亮温差△TBB<0 K双阈值作为强对流云团识别指标,可以准确识别出陇东南地区的强对流天气云团;（2）利用“逆向搜索法”、“面积重叠法”及对云团重心的计算,可以对强对流云团进行准确定位、追踪及移动路径外推预报;（3）建立的强对流天气落区判别指标对该地区短时强降水及冰雹落区具有一定的预报能力。  相似文献   

冬小麦农田不同高度极端气温预测[ ]     

朱保美  李密  张继波  宰德炜 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(4):166-173

利用2019年1月—2022年6月冬小麦农田小气候自动观测站观测的数据和齐河县国家基本气象观测站同期观测资料,采用多元线性回归和BP神经网络方法,建立冬小麦农田30 cm、60 cm、150 cm日最高和日最低气温预测模型。结果表明:两种模型对农田气温的预测效果均较好,阴天条件下150 cm最高气温预测效果最好;晴天条件下30 cm最高气温预测效果最差。两模型模拟结果分层次看,农田气温的模拟精度150 cm>60 cm>30 cm;分天气类型看,多元回归模型农田各层气温的模拟精度阴天>多云>晴天,BP神经网络模型农田30 cm、60 cm最高气温的模拟精度多云>阴天>晴天,农田30 cm最低气温的模拟精度多云与阴天相同,均大于晴天,农田60 cm最低气温的模拟精度晴天>多云>阴天,农田150 cm最高及最低气温的模拟精度晴天与多云相同,均大于阴天;分要素看,30 cm最低气温的模拟精度高于最高气温、60 cm和150 cm最高气温的模拟精度高于最低气温。通过比较,BP神经网络模型的预测精度比多元线性回归模型的预测精度高。两种模型均能满足冬小麦农田气温的预测需求。  相似文献   

广西几次不同类型天气系统造成暴雨过程的物理量分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

曾小团  农孟松  赵金彪 《气象研究与应用》2007,28(4):1-4

利用NCEP(分辨率2.5×2.5)再分析格点资料和北京"9210"系统下发MICAPS格式常规资料对影响广西6次暴雨过程中的影响天气系统分型,在此基础上利用T 213物理量(比湿、水汽通量、水汽通量散度、垂直速度、涡度、散度、假相当位温500hPa与850hPa的差值、K指数)格点资料对这6次过程进行垂直剖面和前后时序分析,试图找出不同类型天气系统影响广西造成暴雨过程的一些物理量的共同特征。  相似文献   

基于闪电定位和雷达资料的邵阳地区雷电预报预警研究     

周明薇  王道平  罗龙友  王少娟  郭斌 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(3):117-124

选取2018年夏季邵阳地区的17个雷暴单体和9个非雷暴单体,分析了单体30 dBz、35 dBz和40 dBz回波顶高及0℃、-10℃和-20℃层超过30 dBz、35 dBz和40 dBz的回波面积与闪电发生的关系,利用40 dBz回波顶高、-10℃层以上超过40 dBz的回波面积及其与单体总面积的百分比对该地区闪电...  相似文献   

河南夏季高温日数的时空分布特征及500 hPa环流型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

常军  李素萍  王纪军  余卫东  葛强生 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(2):30-34

对河南省40个代表站1961-2005年夏季≥35℃高温日数进行经验正交函数(EOF)展开分析,结果显示,前3个典型场基本能反映河南夏季高温日数分布的主要特征,前3个模态的累积方差贡献率达85%.据此,得出河南夏季≥35℃高温日数的时空分布类型为全省一致型、西北至东南差异型和西南至东北差异型.第一模态对应的时间系数序列的变化幅度最大,第二模态对应的时间系数序列的变化幅度比前一个时间序列要小.第一模态的时间系数演变显示,河南夏季高温日数平均呈减少趋势,且存在2～4 a、8～14 a的周期变化,目前河南夏季高温日数正处于偏多状态中.应用逐日20时500 hPa ECMWF北半球格点资料,对1991-2005年河南典型的大面积持续高温下的环流形势进行普查、分类,分别求各种类型下的环流平均场,从而得到河南省高温的两种环流型,即贝加尔湖高压型和副热带高压型.  相似文献   

Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts,recovery trends and future outlook   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrew C. Baker  Peter W. Glynn  Bernhard Riegl 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the world's tropical or subtropical seas. Bleaching is episodic, with the most severe events typically accompanying coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which result in sustained regional elevations of ocean temperature. Using this extended dataset (25+ years), we review the short- and long-term ecological impacts of coral bleaching on reef ecosystems, and quantitatively synthesize recovery data worldwide. Bleaching episodes have resulted in catastrophic loss of coral cover in some locations, and have changed coral community structure in many others, with a potentially critical influence on the maintenance of biodiversity in the marine tropics. Bleaching has also set the stage for other declines in reef health, such as increases in coral diseases, the breakdown of reef framework by bioeroders, and the loss of critical habitat for associated reef fishes and other biota. Secondary ecological effects, such as the concentration of predators on remnant surviving coral populations, have also accelerated the pace of decline in some areas. Although bleaching severity and recovery have been variable across all spatial scales, some reefs have experienced relatively rapid recovery from severe bleaching impacts. There has been a significant overall recovery of coral cover in the Indian Ocean, where many reefs were devastated by a single large bleaching event in 1998. In contrast, coral cover on western Atlantic reefs has generally continued to decline in response to multiple smaller bleaching events and a diverse set of chronic secondary stressors. No clear trends are apparent in the eastern Pacific, the central-southern-western Pacific or the Arabian Gulf, where some reefs are recovering and others are not. The majority of survivors and new recruits on regenerating and recovering coral reefs have originated from broadcast spawning taxa with a potential for asexual growth, relatively long distance dispersal, successful settlement, rapid growth and a capacity for framework construction. Whether or not affected reefs can continue to function as before will depend on: (1) how much coral cover is lost, and which species are locally extirpated; (2) the ability of remnant and recovering coral communities to adapt or acclimatize to higher temperatures and other climatic factors such as reductions in aragonite saturation state; (3) the changing balance between reef accumulation and bioerosion; and (4) our ability to maintain ecosystem resilience by restoring healthy levels of herbivory, macroalgal cover, and coral recruitment. Bleaching disturbances are likely to become a chronic stress in many reef areas in the coming decades, and coral communities, if they cannot recover quickly enough, are likely to be reduced to their most hardy or adaptable constituents. Some degraded reefs may already be approaching this ecological asymptote, although to date there have not been any global extinctions of individual coral species as a result of bleaching events. Since human populations inhabiting tropical coastal areas derive great value from coral reefs, the degradation of these ecosystems as a result of coral bleaching and its associated impacts is of considerable societal, as well as biological concern. Coral reef conservation strategies now recognize climate change as a principal threat, and are engaged in efforts to allocate conservation activity according to geographic-, taxonomic-, and habitat-specific priorities to maximize coral reef survival. Efforts to forecast and monitor bleaching, involving both remote sensed observations and coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models, are also underway. In addition to these efforts, attempts to minimize and mitigate bleaching impacts on reefs are immediately required. If significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved within the next two to three decades, maximizing coral survivorship during this time may be critical to ensuring healthy reefs can recover in the long term.  相似文献   

三种数学模型在海洋经济预测中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乔俊果 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(2):16-19

根据可得的海洋经济统计数据,采用三种数学模型对2007年至2010年中国主要海洋产业的产值进行了预测,通过对历史数据拟合的比较,认为ARIMA模型拟合度较差,三次指数平滑法的拟合精度居中,灰色系统拟合误差最小。  相似文献