High-contrast coronagraph for ground-based imaging of Jupiter-like planets     

Jiang-Pei Dou    De-Qing Ren    Yong-Tian Zhu  National Astronomical Observatories / Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing  China  Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology  Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology  China Physics & Astronomy Department  California State University Northridge  Nordhoff Street  Northridge  California – 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2010,10(2)

We propose a high-contrast coronagraph for direct imaging of young Jupiter-like planets orbiting nearby bright stars. The coronagraph employs a steptransmission filter in which the intensity is apodized with a finite number of steps with identical transmission in each step. It should be installed on a large ground-based telescope equipped with a state-of-the-art adaptive optics system. In this case, contrast ratios around 10-6 should be accessible within 0.1 arcsec of the central star. In recent progress, a...  相似文献   

北太平洋海表面高度(SSH) 与风应力变化的关系     

黄琳  孙佳  杨逸秋  袁逸凡 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):111-119

利用1958-2008年的北太平洋海表面高度和风应力资料,并与ENSO和PDO指数进行相关分析.结果发现,风应力及其经向分量主要通过季节振动影响海表面高度(SSH)的年周期变化,纬向风应力主要通过多年振动影响SSH的ENSO和PDO周期.纬向风应力和SSH均以黑潮延伸体主轴为界,两侧呈现出相反的升降趋势,SSH为北降南升,纬向风应力南降北升.风应力和SSH升降趋势相同,均表现为“上升—下降—上升”的变化特征.在地形变化剧烈、等深线南北分布的海区,西风增强会导致SSH升高,且西侧升高较为明显.北风增强将导致北太平洋西岸SSH升高,东岸SSH降低.  相似文献   

El Niño and decadal effects on sea‐level variability in northern New Zealand: A wavelet analysis     

Derek G. Goring  Robert G. Bell 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):587-598

Sea‐level data from two sites in northern New Zealand, along with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), are analysed for interannual and decadal variability using wavelets. The analysis shows, using statistically significant wavelet power, there is a significant relationship between mean sea level (MSL) and SOI. However, the relationship is highly variable, both in magnitude and in the range of time‐scales over which it occurs. This non‐stationarity necessitates the use of techniques such as wavelets for analysis. An interdecadal response in MSL around northern New Zealand has been isolated, with shifts occurring in 1950 and the late 1970s. This behaviour in MSL appears to coincide with shifts in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, thought previously to be largely centred in the North Pacific. A strong correlation between SOI and sea surface temperature (SST) is also demonstrated. This relationship appears to be stable in magnitude (a large change in SOI produces a large change in SST) and to occur over the same range of time‐scales. More SST and MSL data are required for other parts of New Zealand to determine whether these findings apply elsewhere.  相似文献   

The watermass variability and southward shift of the Southern Hemispheremid-depth supergyre     

DUAN Yongliang  HOU Yijun  LIU Hongwei  LIU Yahao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(11):74-81

The Southern Hemisphere subtropical supergyre at intermediate depths connects all three ocean basins and plays a significant role in responding and conveying the climate-change-related variations in the glob- al ocean. On the basis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/SODA） ocean reanalysis, the thermohaline variability and southward shift of the mid-depth supergyre are demonstrated. The steric height of the sub- surface relative to 1 500 m （400-1 500 m） from the SODA depicts exactly the flow patterns and variability of the oceanic supergyre. During 1958-2007 the water masses in the gyre interiors become cooler/fresher, with the significant exceptions of the Agulhas Current system and Agulhas leakage. The results also exhibit a pronounced strengthening of the inter-basin connection of the supergyre, and the strongest southward shift, by about 2.5° over the whole period, occurs in the central-south Pacific, which is associated with the changes in the basin-scale wind forcing.  相似文献   

Measurements of stable carbon isotopic composition of ethane and propane over the western North Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean: A useful indicator of atmospheric transport process     

Hideki Nara  Sakae Toyoda  Naohiro Yoshida

《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,56(3):293-314

Stable carbon isotopic composition of ethane and propane over the western North Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean between 31°N and 26°S was investigated from February through March 2004. The isotopic composition of ethane ranged from −28 to −18‰ and showed a gradual increase from north to south. Conversely, that of propane was between −31 and −24‰; it showed no systematic latitudinal variation. Investigation of the ethane/propane ratio indicates that ethane and propane that originated from northern mid-latitude countries in the eastern part of Eurasia were both transported into the western North Pacific region. However, the results of the isotopic analyses indicate the contribution of oceanic emission to the atmospheric propane during transport, although that contribution can not be discerned for ethane. A ship based stationary observation conducted in the western equatorial North Pacific showed that the isotopic composition of ethane varied from −25 to −19‰ and showed clear systematic diurnal variation: propane ranged between −32 to −26‰ and no such isotopic diurnal signal was observed. The diurnal variation for ethane is explained by entrainment of free tropospheric air, whereas the variation for propane was influenced by oceanic emissions as well as the entrainment. The contribution of oceanic emissions to the atmospheric propane inventory was considered from our isotopic observation. Isotopic composition of dissolved propane is estimated to be less than −38‰, and the contribution up to 79% was calculated when the isotopic composition of dissolved propane is assumed to be −40‰. Our study demonstrates that isotopic analysis can be more useful than ratio-based analysis to improve our present understanding of transport processes, especially for impact of the oceanic emissions on the atmospheric distribution of low level C₂–C₅ non-methane hydrocarbons such as propane in the remote marine atmosphere.  相似文献   

登陆广东热带气旋特征及其与副热带高压的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

曾琮  易爱民  李晓娟  梁巧倩  汪瑛  谢健标 《气象科技》2007,35(1):36-39

2004年登陆广东的热带气旋只有2个,个数明显偏少,粤西无热带气旋登陆;登陆广东的初台偏迟,终台结束早,登陆时间集中于7月;热带气旋移速快,强度弱(为热带风暴),对广东影响利大于弊。对1951~2004年7~9月登陆广东的热带气旋进行统计分析,发现各月登陆广东的热带气旋次数差异较大,最多时一个月有5个,最少时没有。登陆广东的热带气旋个数与西北太平洋副热带高压位置、强度有密切关系,可以将有利于和不利于热带气旋登陆广东的副热带高压各分为3种环流形势。  相似文献   

On the recent warming of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.J. Stabeno  N.A. Bond  S.A. Salo 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2599

During the last decade, the southeastern Bering Sea shelf has undergone a warming of 3 °C that is closely associated with a marked decrease of sea ice over the area. This shift in the physical environment of the shelf can be attributed to a combination of mechanisms, including the presence over the eastern Bering Sea shelf of a relatively mild air mass during the winter, especially from 2000 to 2005; a shorter ice season caused by a later fall transition and/or an earlier spring transition; increased flow through Unimak Pass during winter, which introduces warm Gulf of Alaska water onto the southeastern shelf; and the feedback mechanism whereby warmer ocean temperatures during the summer delay the southward advection of sea ice during winter. While the relative importance of these four mechanisms is difficult to quantify, it is evident that for sea ice to form, cold arctic winds must cool the water column. Sea ice is then formed in the polynyas during periods of cold north winds, and this ice is advected southward over the eastern shelf. The other three mechanisms can modify ice formation and melt, and hence its extent. In combination, these four mechanisms have served to temporally and spatially limit ice during the 5-year period (2001–2005). Warming of the eastern Bering Sea shelf could have profound influences on the ecosystem of the Bering Sea—from modification of the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom to the northward advance of subarctic species and the northward retreat of arctic species.  相似文献   

西太平洋深海沉积物古菌多样性分析     

王峰  萨仁高娃  王峰  马学恩 《地质学报》2010,84(8):1105-1111

以提取并纯化的西太平洋深海沉积物DNA为模板,利用古菌PCR特异性引物扩增出样品中古菌的16S rDNA片段,构建其克隆文库,建立阳性克隆子RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymor-phism)酶切图谱。据酶切图谱对所获得的90个克隆进行测序,并与数据库中的序列进行比对,从而进行古菌的多样性和系统发育分析。结果表明,沉积物中扩增的16S rDNA古菌序列分别来自泉古生菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古生菌(Euryarchaeota),以Marine Benthic Group B (11.8%)、Marine Benthic Group D (13.6%)、Marine Crenarchaeotic Group (68.69%)为主。少量序列为South African Gold Mine Euryarchaeotic Group (1.07%)、Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeotic Group (1.61%)、UIIB（1.25%）、VALIII（1.79%）、Marine Benthic Group E (0.18%)。以上结果表明西太平洋深海沉积物中有丰富多样的古菌群落。  相似文献   

高镁磷尾矿的矿石结构与矿物组成     

黄芳  刘世荣  王华  李军旗  陈义 《矿物学报》2010,30(1)

利用电子探针背散射电子成像分析和微区成分分析功能,对贵州瓮福高镁磷尾矿的矿石结构和矿物组成进行了研究,以探索尾矿与其原矿之间的差异,为综合开发利用磷尾矿提供必要的依据。结果表明该高磷尾矿的矿石结构可分为单矿物结构和多矿物碎屑结构两类。前者矿物组成包括白云石单矿物、磷灰石单矿物、褐铁矿单矿物、石英单矿物;后者包括白云石-磷灰石多矿物、磷灰石-白云石-石英多矿物,属高镁低品位磷矿。矿物组成类型按其含量从高到低依次为白云石质尾矿、白云石磷灰石质尾矿、磷灰石白云石石英质尾矿、石英质尾矿、磷灰石质尾矿、褐铁矿质尾矿,白云石质尾矿是尾矿中最丰富的矿物,白云石颗粒是含量最高的碎屑类型。  相似文献   

红层泥岩半刚性基床结构动态变形试验研究     

荆志东  刘俊新 《岩土力学》2010,31(7):2116-2121

高速铁路要为列车的高速行驶提供一个高平顺性和稳定性的轨下基础,而路基作为轨道结构的基础,必须具有强度高、刚度大、稳定性和耐久性好的特性。由于红层泥岩属于软岩,工程稳定性差,以红层泥岩作为基床的填料,其刚度明显不足,所以为了弥补基床表层的不足,在其顶部添加一层水泥稳定级配碎石。为了验证这些措施的效果,以便指导工程设计和施工,通过足尺动态模型试验,模拟在实际荷载条件下基床的动态变形特性,结果表明,采用水泥稳定级配碎石作为基床表层填料,静态变形明显降低,能够大幅降低动荷载作用时的动变形,减少了基床结构的永久变形,增强了轨道结构的稳定性。  相似文献