不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟     

李晓烨  王克俭  谷建才  刘启国  崔严 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):118-125

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型,可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验,在11 m·s^-1风速下,对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定,采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions）,构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优,可决系数（R²）均在98%以上;SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型,风速为11 m·s^-1左右时,林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势;5种株行距的林带中,株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠灌木冠幅预测模型     

王明娜  张定海  张志山  路丽宁 《中国沙漠》2022,42(4):139-150

古尔班通古特沙漠是中国第二大沙漠,也是中国固定和半固定沙丘主要分布区,固沙灌木种较多。冠幅不仅是反映固沙灌木可视化的重要参数,也是反映沙漠植被生长情况的重要变量。以3种沙丘（固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘）上主要固沙灌木为研究对象,利用12种基础模型、BP(Backpropagation Neural Network)神经网络和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）机器学习算法建立了基于固沙灌木株高和冠长率的冠幅预测模型,同时将两种机器学习算法拟合结果与基础模型进行比较,最终选出了适合研究区的冠幅预测模型。结果表明：（1）不同沙丘类型和不同灌木种类的最优冠幅预测模型不同,且固定沙丘和半固定沙丘模型优于流动沙丘。3种沙丘类型最优拟合为M2(Quadratic Model)模型;（2）白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）在半固定沙丘和流动沙丘上拟合的最优模型分别为M2、M7(Gompertz),沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）最优模型为M2,蛇麻黄（Ephedra distachya）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）在...  相似文献   

直角分水口水流形态的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

罗福安  梁志勇 《水科学进展》1995,6(1):71-75

对分水口前水流形态进行了研究,测量了分水口前不同水深处的平面流场,初步给出了分水口前水流的运动形态,分析了分水宽度沿水深的变化规律。  相似文献   

武昌电离层E-F谷区白天变化形态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

苏元智  黄信榆 《地球物理学报》1987,30(6):555-559

本文利用文献[4]的分析程序对武昌地区三年共300多张频高图作了剖面换算和统计分析,得出白天E-F谷区电离的基本形态并发现一些新的变化特征;对分析结果的可能原因提出了讨论。  相似文献   

Barchans of Minqin: Morphometry   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhen-Ting Wang  Shi-Chen Tao  Yao-Wen Xie  Guang-Hui Dong 《Geomorphology》2007,89(3-4):405-411

The barchans on the border of Minqin oasis, China, were surveyed. Our data reconfirmed that the height of slipface is proportional to the width of horns and the baseline can be roughly described by parts of an ellipse and a parabola. We attempted to study dune geomorphology using the theory of differential geometry. The geometrical characteristics of the brink can be quantitatively determined by its curvature and torsion.  相似文献   

A Least-squares Window Curves Method for Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Dipping Dikes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. M. Abdelrahman  E. R. Abo-Ezz  K. S. Soliman  T. M. El-Araby  K. S. Essa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(5):1027-1044

We have developed a least-squares method to determine simultaneously the depth and the width of a buried thick dipping dike from residualized magnetic data using filters of successive window lengths. The method involves using a relationship between the depth and the half-width of the source and a combination of windowed observations. The relationship represents a family of curves (window curves). For a fixed window length, the depth is determined for each half-width value by solving one nonlinear equation of the form f (z) = 0 using the least-squares method. The computed depths are plotted against the width values representing a continuous curve. The solution for the depth and the width of the buried dike is read at the common intersection of the window curves. The method involves using a dike model convolved with the same moving average filter as applied to the observed data. As a result, this method can be applied to residuals as well as to measured magnetic data. Procedures are also formulated to estimate the amplitude coefficient and the index parameter. The method is applied to theoretical data with and without random errors. The validity of the method is tested on airborne magnetic data from Canada and on a vertical component magnetic anomaly from Turkey. In all cases examined, the model parameters obtained are in good agreement with the actual ones and with those given in the published literature.  相似文献   

River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall     

Brent M. Troutman  Thomas M. Over   《Advances in water resources》2001,24(9-10)

An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable.  相似文献   

泥沙起动条件与卵石浅滩航道整治线宽度的确定     

钱恩清 《地理研究》1992,11(2):17-25

在简述泥沙起动条件表达式的基础上,本文分析卵石浅滩整治与泥沙起动条件的关系。根据起动拖曳力和起动流速的概念,分别导出了卵石浅滩航道整治宽度计算公式,并用北江整治河段的实测资料对诸公式作了比较。结果表明,式(16)的计算值与实际采用值有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

The role of wind direction in eolian transport on a narrow sandy beach     

Karl F. Nordstrom  Nancy L. Jackson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(8):675-685

Comparison of eolian transport during five high-velocity wind events over a 29 day period on a narrow estuarine beach in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA, reveals the temporal variability of transport, due to changes in direction of wind approach. Mean wind speed measured 6 m above the dune crest for the five events ranged from 8·5 to 15·9 ms^?1. Mean wind direction was oblique to the shoreline (63° from shore-normal) during one event but was within 14° of shore-normal during the other events. Eolian transport is greatest during low tide and rising tide, when the beach source area is widest and when drying of surface sediments occurs. The quantity of sediment caught in a vertical trap for the five events varied from a total of 0·07 to 113·73 kgm^?1. Differences in temperature, relative humidity and moisture and salt content of surficial sediments were slight. Mean grain sizes ranged from 0·33 to 0·58 mm, causing slight differences in threshold shear velocity, but shear velocities exceeded the threshold required for transport during all events. Beach width, measured normal to the shoreline, varied from 15·5 to 18·0 m; beach slope differed by 0·5°. The oblique wind during one event created a source width nearly double the width during other days. Beach slope, measured in the direction of the wind, was less than half as steep as the slope measured normal to the shoreline. The amount of sand trapped during the oblique wind was over 20 times greater than any other event, even those with higher shear velocities. The ability of the beach surface to supply grains to the air stream is limited on narrow beaches, but increased source width, due to oblique wind approach, can partially overcome limitations of surface conditions on the beach.  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达谱宽资料分析晴空回波特征的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

耿建军  顾松山  陈钟荣  黄兴友  夏文梅 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):814-818

根据广州强对流天气发生前新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)观测的晴空回波谱宽资料,经过数据质量控制和预处理,估算了不同高度的湍流耗散率,发现这次强对流天气过程发生前,低层的湍流耗散率明显增强,揭示了这次强对流天气过程的前兆特征.  相似文献