京津冀地区冬半年污染传输特征及传输指数的改进   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

花丛  刘超  张恒德  江琪 《气象》2017,43(7):813-822

文章通过轨迹聚类、潜在源区分析等方法对京津冀地区冬半年污染物传输特征进行了分析,在此基础上对传输指数的构建方法进行了改进,并结合一次重污染天气过程分析了其作用。结果表明,对于北京、天津和石家庄,其重污染轨迹出现概率从高到低均为偏南路径、偏西路径、偏东路径和西北路径;在近地面高度上,西南和东南风的增强在大多时候成为北京的污染物传输通道,其中东南方向的污染物来源主要集中在大气低层;改进后的传输指数能够更好地反映外来传输作用对本地污染物浓度的影响,京津冀及周边地区的传输作用对北京、天津和石家庄等大城市的污染物浓度影响较明显,其中城郊及周边地区的近距离传输影响最为显著;合理应用传输指数可以对重污染天气的成因进行初步判断。  相似文献   

半透明云风矢量高度算法中代表运动像元的使用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张晓虎  张其松  许健民 《应用气象学报》2017,28(3):270-282

半透明云风矢量高度指定是卫星风矢量算法的重要部分,需要使用来自半透明云体的辐射和云下背景辐射两个变量。为了更精确地获得来自半透明云体的辐射,采用像元对追踪相关系数的贡献和红外亮温两个变量进行统计分析,将追踪图像块中的像元分为3个部分:小贡献像元、暖区段大贡献像元和冷区段大贡献像元;对暖区段、冷区段内大贡献像元的特征进行考察表明,冷区段的大贡献像元更能代表追踪图像块运动,称为代表运动像元。选择代表运动像元参与计算来自半透明云体的辐射,对半透明云风矢量高度指定算法进行改进,在该算法中分别使用和不使用代表运动像元,计算FY-2气象卫星风矢量,将结果与欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）分析场进行对比表明,在半透明云高度指定算法中使用代表运动像元,FY-2气象卫星风矢量误差明显降低。  相似文献   

Adjustment of Wind Waves to Sudden Changes of Wind Speed   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takuji Waseda  Yoshiaki Toba  Marshall P. Tulin 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(5):519-533

An experiment was conducted in a small wind-wave facility at the Ocean Engineering Laboratory, California, to address the following question: when the wind speed changes rapidly, how quickly and in what manner do the short wind waves respond? To answer this question we have produced a very rapid change in wind speed between U _low (4.6 m s^?1) and U _high (7.1 m s^?1). Water surface elevation and air turbulence were monitored up to a fetch of 5.5 m. The cycle of increasing and decreasing wind speed was repeated 20 times to assure statistical accuracy in the measurement by taking an ensemble mean. In this way, we were able to study in detail the processes by which the young laboratory wind waves adjust to wind speed perturbations. We found that the wind-wave response occurs over two time scales determined by local equilibrium adjustment and fetch adjustment, Δt ₁/T = O(10) and Δt ₂/T = O(100), respectively, in the current tank. The steady state is characterized by a constant non-dimensional wave height (H/gT ² or equivalently, the wave steepness for linear gravity waves) depending on wind speed. This equilibrium state was found in our non-steady experiments to apply at all fetches, even during the long transition to steady state, but only after a short initial relaxation Δt ₁/T of O(10) following a sudden change in wind speed. The complete transition to the new steady state takes much longer, Δt ₂/T of O(100) at the largest fetch, during which time energy propagates over the entire fetch along the rays (dx/dt = c _g) and grows under the influence of wind pumping. At the same time, frequency downshifts. Although the current study is limited in scale variations, we believe that the suggestion that the two adjustment time scales are related to local equilibrium adjustment and fetch adjustment is also applicable to the ocean.  相似文献   

浙闽沿海和台湾海峡海域冬季大风风速计算方法探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘京雄  唐文伟  朱持则  吕彤 《台湾海峡》2004,23(1):8-13

本文利用东海区海陆大风对比试验结果及26艘船只两个月的海上航测实况资料，通过对各种风速进行海陆比值分析、差值分析和测站间对比分析。论证了据陆上大风推算该海区大风风速计算式的可靠性，从而为实时、定量地预报海区大风提供了1种方法．  相似文献   

HDPE深水网箱抗风浪流性能的海区验证试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吴常文  朱爱意  沈建林 《海洋工程》2007,25(2):84-90,97

对HDPE深水网箱2000～2004年间的抗风浪流性能进行了海区验证试验.通过对HDPE深水网箱扶栏、框架、网具以及固泊系统受损率的统计,根据扶栏、框架、网具以及固泊系统在整个深水网系统中的重要程度,分别给予一定的权重统计出深水网箱的整体受损率,能比较客观地反映深水网箱的抗风浪流性能.海区验证试验结果表明,HDPE深水网箱抗风力达35 m/s、抗浪高6 m、抗流速1.0 m/s,与其设计参数基本相同.同时,为了增加HDPE深水网箱的抗风浪流性能,建议扶手管从110 mm改为125 mm、主浮管从250 mm改为300 mm、扶栏高度从1 m降低为0.8 m或0.6 m.风力主要影响扶栏系统,流速主要影响网具系统,而波浪对HDPE圆形浮式深水网箱的框架、网具、固泊系统以及网箱整体结构均有明显影响.  相似文献   

热带气旋风场的一种数值计算模式     

程志强 《热带海洋学报》1995,(1)

利用动力学方程组，并对其中垂直梯度项和垂直扩散项进行了参数化处理。利用每日４次的地面天气图资料和台风年鉴中台风中心位置资料，采用数值计算方法对热带气旋及其环境场进行数值计算模拟。计算结果表明，用本模式得到的热带气旋风场及其周围的环境风场比利用公式法得到的风场更为合理。  相似文献   

合成孔径雷达反演黄海海面风场   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王铁 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,91(4):10-13

基于后向散射系数反演高空间分辨率海面风场,采用谱方法确定风向,并利用CMOD4模式函数反演风速。以ERS-2 SAR黄海区域图像为例,反演海面风场,并将反演结果同QuikSCAT散射计对比,比较吻合,证明该方法在黄海区域的可行性。  相似文献   

Global estimates of wind energy input to subinertial motions in the Ekman-Stokes layer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bin Liu  Kejian Wu  Changlong Guan 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):457-466

By incorporating the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing into the classical Ekman model, the wind energy input to the Ekman-Stokes layer is investigated, with an emphasis on the surface wave effects when the direction of Stokes drift deviates from that of wind stress. Theoretical analysis of the kinetic energy balance of the Ekman-Stokes layer shows that the total wind energy input consists of the direct wind energy input and the wave-induced energy input. Details of the direct wind and wave-induced energy input are discussed. Based on the ECMWF ERA-40 Re-Analysis wind stress and surface wave data, the global total wind energy input to subinertial motions in the Ekman-Stokes layer is estimated at 2.19 TW, including 0.26 TW (12%) wave-induced energy input and 1.93 TW (88%) direct wind energy input. The effect of sea-ice coverage on the energy input to the Ekman-Stokes layer is also considered. It is shown that the global total energy input could be overestimated by 0.08 TW (about 4%) without taking the sea-ice coverage into account.  相似文献   

利用海骚回波推测海面风浪     

周笃诚  陈亿署 《台湾海峡》1990,9(3):269-274

本文根据我国海岸雷达的实际情况,提出了直接测量海骚回波强度和直接测定海骚回波最大距离的方法,并利用实测资料,建立了最大风速与海骚回波最大距离的相关关系式及海骚回波最大距离与海面风浪关系曲线。  相似文献   

Surface geostrophic currents across the Antarctic circumpolar current in Drake Passage from 1992 to 2004     

Stuart Cunningham  Marko Pavic 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,73(3-4):296

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the global overturning circulation as a significant proportion of deep water is converted into intermediate and deeper water masses in this region. Recently, a secular trend has been reported in wind stress around the Southern Ocean and it is thought theoretically that the strength of the ACC is closely related to wind stress, so one consequence should be a corresponding increase in ACC transport and hence changes in the rate of the global overturning. There are no long-term data sets of ACC transport and so we must examine other data that may also respond to changing wind stress. Here we calculate surface currents in Drake Passage every seven days over 11.25 years from 1992 to 2004. We combine surface velocity anomalies calculated from satellite altimeter sea surface heights with measured surface currents. Since 1992, the UK has regularly occupied WOCE hydrographic section SR1b across the ACC in Drake Passage. From seven hydrographic sections surface currents are estimated by referencing relative geostrophic velocities from CTD sections with current measurements made by shipboard and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers. Combining the seven estimates of surface currents with the altimeter data reduces bias in the estimates of average currents over time through Drake Passage and we show that surface current anomalies estimated by satellite and in situ observations are in good agreement. The strongest surface currents are found in the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts with average speeds of 50 cm/s and 35 cm/s, respectively and are inversely correlated, so that maximum westward flow in one corresponds to minimum westward flow in the other. The average cross-sectional weighted surface velocity from 1992 to 2004 is 16.7 ± 0.2 cm/s. A spectral analysis of the average surface current has only weakly increasing energy at higher frequencies and there is no dominant mode of variability. The standard deviation of the seven day currents is 0.68 cm/s and a running 12 month average has only a slightly smaller standard deviation of 0.52 ± 0.16 cm/s. The southern annular mode (SAM) measures the circumpolar average of wind stress and like the surface currents its spectrum has slightly increased energy at frequencies greater than 1 cpy. A cospectral analysis of these, averaging cospectra of five slightly overlapping 36 month segments improve statistical reliability, suggests that there is coherence between them at 1 cpy with the currents leading changes in the Southern annular mode. We conclude that the SAM and average Drake Passage surface currents are weakly correlated with no dominant co-varying modes, and hence predicting Southern Ocean transport variability from the SAM is not likely to give significant results and that secular trends in surface currents are likely to be masked by weekly and interannual variability.  相似文献