大兴安岭中部柴河地区晚侏罗世花岗质岩石成因及构造意义     

施璐  唐振  郑常青  秦涛  张立东  汪岩  钱程  杨帆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(1):112-128

本文对大兴安岭中部柴河地区晚侏罗世花岗质岩石进行了岩石学、同位素年代学、地球化学等研究,探讨了其岩石成因及形成的构造背景。岩石学研究表明,大兴安岭中部柴河地区晚侏罗世花岗质岩石主要岩石组合为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果获得2个二长花岗岩年龄分别为（152±1）Ma和（150±1）Ma。岩石主量元素具有富钾钠、富铝的特点,属铁质碱-钙性岩石。稀土元素相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,具有弱到中等的Eu负异常,微量元素主要富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Th、U、K、LREE）和Zr、Hf元素,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P、Ti）和Ba、Sr元素。地球化学特征指示这些晚侏罗世花岗质岩石来源于新元古代和早古生代期间从亏损地幔新增生的地壳物质部分熔融,形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合陆壳加厚之后挤压到伸展的转换环境。  相似文献   

寒区高铁路桥过渡段冻结特征及热影响区域数值分析     

刘华  牛泽林  牛富俊  张楠  鲁洁 《冰川冻土》2020,42(4):1256-1266

随着我国高速铁路网络逐步向寒区大范围延伸, 线路纵向上选用了较高比例的桥梁以跨越地形, 势必出现大量的路桥过渡段。路桥过渡段使线路纵向上出现了刚度变化以及桥用、 路用材料的工程抗冻性能差异, 进而引发不均匀的冻胀和融沉变形, 产生桥头跳车的可能, 降低行车的舒适度和安全性。文章运用土壤冻融条件下热传导理论的基本方程和数值方法, 结合哈大高铁的典型工况建立路桥过渡段模型, 计算分析其在春季融化期间的冻结特征差异和演变规律, 并基于工程优化设计了三种不同的台后填筑模式, 得到冻融条件下该气候分区的热影响范围, 并基于此分析了冻结圈面积、 周长、 长宽比和横向热扰动距离等几何指标。计算结果表明, 仅考虑热学影响时, 在有保温层和无锥台护坡工况下, 路桥过渡段的综合效果较好。  相似文献   

Adjustments in river channel geometry associated with hydraulic discontinuities across the fluvial–tidal transition of a regulated river     

Angela M. Gurnell 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(10):967-985

Major hydraulic discontinuities along lowland rivers may be caused by water impoundment behind weirs, by tributary floods, and by tides. An analysis of the geometry of 122 surveyed channel cross-sections located on an 18 km reach of the lower River Dee identifies up to three levels in the bank profile representing minima in the width:mean depth ratio, and distinct changes in the geometric properties of the channel to these three levels in a downstrem direction and within four stretches influenced to varying degrees by hydraulic discontinuities created by a weir and by tidal overtopping of the weir. Simple modelling combined with field observations suggest possible processes that may control the observed changes in channel morphology. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Vegetation,climate, and fire during the late-glacial–Holocene transition at Spruce Pond,Hudson Highlands,southeastern New York,USA     

TERRYANNE E. MAENZA-GMELCH 《第四纪科学杂志》1997,12(1):15-24

Pollen, plant macrofossil, and charcoal records from Spruce Pond (41°14′22″N, 74°12′15″W), southeastern New York, USA dated by AMS provide details about late-glacial–early Holocene vegetation development in the Hudson Highlands from >12410 to 9750 ¹⁴C yr BP. Prior to 12410 yr BP, vegetation was apparently open, dominated by herbs and shrubs (Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Tubuliflorae, Salix, Alnus, Betula), possibly with scattered trees (Picea and Pinus). However, Picea macrofossils are not found until 12410 yr BP. Development of a temperature deciduous–boreal-coniferous forest featuring Quercus, Fraxinus, Ostrya/Carpinus, Pinus, Picea, and Abies occurs between 12410 and 11140 yr BP. A return of predominantly boreal forest taxa between 11140 and 10230 yr BP is interpreted as an expression of the Younger Dryas cooling event. Holocene warming at 10230 yr BP is signalled by arrival of Pinus strobus, coincident with expansion of Quercus-dominated forest. Fire activity, as inferred from charcoal influx, appears to have increased as woodland developed after 12410 yr BP. Two charcoal influx peaks occur during Younger Dryas time. Early Holocene fire activity was relatively high but decreased for approximately 100 yr prior to the establishment of Tsuga canadensis in the forest at 9750 yr BP. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Interhemispheric synchrony of Late-glacial climatic instability as recorded in proglacial Lake Mascardi,Argentina     

Daniel Ariztegui  María Martha Bianchi  Julieta Masaferro  Eric Lafargue  Frank Niessen 《第四纪科学杂志》1997,12(4):333-338

Several high-resolution continental records have been reported recently in sites in South America, but the extent to which climatic variations were synchronous between the northern and southern hemispheres during the Late-glacial–Holocene transition, and the causes of the climatic changes, remain open questions. Previous investigations indicated that, east of the Andes, the middle and high latitudes of South America warmed uniformly and rapidly from 13 000 ¹⁴C yr BP, with no indication of subsequent climate fluctuations, equivalent, for example, to the Younger Dryas cooling. Here we present a multiproxy continuous record, radiocarbon dated by accelerated mass spectroscopy, from proglacial Lake Mascardi in Argentina. The results show that unstable climatic conditions, comparable to those described from records obtained in the Northern Hemisphere, dominated the Late-glacial–Holocene transition in Argentina at this latitude. Furthermore, a significant advance of the Tronador ice-cap, which feeds Lake Mascardi, occurred during the Younger Dryas Chronozone. This instability suggests a step-wise climatic history reflecting a global, rather than regional, forcing mechanism. The Lake Mascardi record, therefore, provides strong support for the hypothesis that ocean–atmosphere interaction, rather than global ocean circulation alone, governed interhemispheric climate teleconnections during the last deglaciation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南海陆缘伸展破裂过程中的构造迁移和盆地演化     

罗盼  任建业  雷超 《地质学报》2024,98(4):1101-1113

为了阐明南海由陆向洋的过渡带内构造活动的时间 空间迁移过程,本文以两条跨南海东部共轭被动陆缘和南海西南部共轭陆缘的两条长剖面为基础,进行精细的构造解释和分析,在南海洋陆转换带内确定了出Tb、SD、PD和Bi四个一级层序界面,并以这4个一层序界面为界,将南海陆缘划分为：早期断陷盆地(Tb—SD)、晚期拆离盆地(SD—PD)和断坳转换盆地(PD—Bi)。通过对同一剖面不同构造单元带内同构造地层的分析,发现构造活动时代由陆向洋逐渐变年轻;通过对比不同剖面同一构造单元带内的同构造地层发现,构造活动时代沿着海底扩张迁移的方向逐渐变年轻。因此,在南海扩张期间,岩石圈的伸展变形不仅表现为向洋方向的迁移,同时表现为向海底扩张方向的迁移。  相似文献   

融合新型多技术的陆海过渡带地形测绘     

丁仕军  祝明然 《测绘通报》2020,(10):79-84

本文提出了一种新型高精度、无缝陆海一体化地形测绘系统。该系统以后处理差分组合导航技术为基础，以定制化的八轮车和稻田车为测绘平台，集成了红外激光扫描技术、拖曳测量技术、单波束测深技术等测绘手段，保证了测绘结果的精度和覆盖度。应用结果表明：该系统具有集成度高、获取数据精度高、数据采集效率快、设备操作简易等特点，可为浅海、粉砂淤泥质岸滩、基岩岸滩、砂质岸滩等在内的大片陆海过渡带的测绘工作提供参考。  相似文献   

On the role of spatial resolution on snow estimates using a process‐based snow model across a range of climatology and elevation     

Mohammad M. Sohrabi  Daniele Tonina  Rohan Benjankar  Mukesh Kumar  Patrick Kormos  Danny Marks  Charlie Luce 《水文研究》2019,33(8):1260-1275

Hydrological processes in mountainous settings depend on snow distribution, whose prediction accuracy is a function of model spatial scale. Although model accuracy is expected to improve with finer spatial resolution, an increase in resolution comes with modelling costs related to increased computational time and greater input data and parameter information. This computational and data collection expense is still a limiting factor for many large watersheds. Thus, this work's main objective is to question which physical processes lead to loss in model accuracy with regard to input spatial resolution under different climatic conditions and elevation ranges. To address this objective, a spatially distributed snow model, iSnobal, was run with inputs distributed at 50‐m—our benchmark for comparison—and 100‐m resolutions and with aggregated (averaged from the fine to the large resolution) inputs from the 50‐m model to 100‐, 250‐, 500‐, and 750‐m resolution for wet, average, and dry years over the Upper Boise River Basin (6,963 km²), which spans four elevation bands: rain dominated, rain–snow transition, and snow dominated below treeline and above treeline. Residuals, defined as differences between values quantified with high resolution (>50 m) models minus the benchmark model (50 m), of simulated snow‐covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) were generally slight in the aggregated scenarios. This was due to transferring the effects of topography on meteorological variables from the 50‐m model to the coarser scales through aggregation. Residuals in SCA and SWE in the distributed 100‐m simulation were greater than those of the aggregated 750 m. Topographic features such as slope and aspect were simplified, and their gradient was reduced due to coarsening the topography from the 50‐ to 100‐m resolution. Therefore, solar radiation was overestimated, and snow drifting was modified and caused substantial SCA and SWE underestimation in the distributed 100‐m model relative to the 50‐m model. Large residuals were observed in the wet year and at the highest elevation band when and where snow mass was large. These results support that model accuracy is substantially reduced with model scales coarser than 50 m.  相似文献   

台湾海峡西岸两个典型复合型海滩砂泥转换带对比研究     

周湘  蔡锋  戚洪帅  王立辉  赵绍华  雷刚  朱君 《海洋工程》2019,37(5):133-140

根据福建沿海砂泥复合型海滩的分布特征,选取闽江口左坑和九龙江口南太武两个典型砂泥复合型海滩作为研究对象,开展SMT土力学和空间分布特征初步研究。基于两个海滩SMT位置及两侧共6个柱状沉积物样品的土力学性质分析,完善了砂泥转换带(sand-mud transition,简称SMT)野外判定方法;结合SMT空间分布特征及洪、枯两季差异分析,初步探讨了影响SMT分布的主要因素及控制过程。研究结果认为,对于表层砂泥分界明显的海滩,可根据SMT的定义结合沉积物粒度变化快速判定;而对于无法直接判定SMT位置的复合型海滩,可将海滩表层沉积物抗剪强度作为快速准确判定SMT位置的辅助指标,本次研究取15 k Pa作为SMT判定阈值。闽江口左坑和九龙江口南太武海滩SMT高程及其空间分布特征有明显差异,这种差异在洪、枯水季又发生一定改变,主要与泥沙物源和水动力条件变化有关,SMT具体变化情况由砂质和泥质的输运或水动力强度决定。  相似文献   

三峡库区山区传统农业生态系统转型   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

梁鑫源  李阳兵  邵景安  刘雁慧  冉彩虹 《地理学报》2019,74(8):1605-1621

三峡库区是集农村、山区、移民区为一体的典型生态脆弱区,研究其传统农业生态系统的变化对于库区的农村发展与乡村振兴具有重要意义。通过“理论分析—实证研究—趋势预测”的研究框架,以草堂溪流域为例,利用2012-2017年的Quick Bird高分遥感影像结合自然资源要素与农户行为从空间尺度上人地关系变化角度出发对三峡库区山区传统农业生态系统的转型及趋势进行解析。研究发现：① 利用100 m间隔范围的缓冲环将三峡库区的农业生态系统模式分为高低低、高低高、低高低与低低高4种类型,不同模式分别代表三峡库区不同的农业发展阶段,揭示了库区传统农业生态系统由传统耕作方式向现代农业转型的趋势。② 库区的农业生态系统正逐步由传统的耕作区域内粗放利用的纯农生计方式,通过坡耕地撂荒、经果林种植等生态恢复方式,向聚落周边300 m范围内种植结构合理化、物种多样化的集约利用方式转型。③ 以农户与坡耕地等系统要素为代表的三峡库区传统农业生态系统正在发生转型。其中坡耕地多由生产功能主导向生态与经济功能并重转变,农户生计方式趋于多样化,聚落系统生态活力逐渐增强,且农业生态系统转型的变化范围基本由高海拔山地区域向河谷平坝区迁移。此外,尽管在数据时限方面存在不足,但研究结果对于库区乡村土地利用、山区水土流失治理及农村人居环境改善均有启示意义。  相似文献