Calculation and spectra analysis of horizontal acceleration correction (HACC) for airborne gravimetry     

Shi Pan  Sun Zhongmiao  Xiao Yun 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(3):204-209

On the basis of a sinusoidal model of the disturbed horizontal acceleration, the spectrum characteristics of misaligned angle and horizontal acceleration correction are analyzed. In an airborne gravimetry test, the misaligned angle of platform and horizontal acceleration correction are calculated. They are 5′ and 3 mGal, respectively, when the flight is stable.  相似文献   

3D Visualization for the Analysis of Forest Cover Change     

Matt D. Dunbar  L. Monika Moskal  Mark E. Jakubauskas 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):103-112

Abstract

Visualization techniques have been developed to recreate natural landscapes, but little has been done to investigate their potential for illustrating land cover change using spatio‐temporal data. In this work, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and visualization techniques were applied to generate realistic computer visualizations depicting the dynamic nature of forested environments. High resolution digital imagery and aerial photography were classified using object‐oriented methods. The resulting classifications, along with preexisting land cover datasets, were used to drive the correct placement of vegetation in the visualized landscape, providing an accurate representation of reality at various points in time. 3D Nature's Visual Nature Studio was used to construct a variety of realistic images and animations depicting forest cover change in two distinct ecological settings. Visualizations from Yellowstone National Park focused on the dramatic impact of the 1988 fire upon the lodgepole pine forest. For a study area in Kansas, visualization techniques were used to explore the continuous human‐land interactions impacting the eastern deciduous forest and tallgrass prairie ecotone between 1941 and 2002. The resulting products demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of visualizations for representing spatio‐temporal patterns such as changing forest cover. These geographic visualizations allow users to communicate findings and explore new hypotheses in a clear, concise and effective manner.  相似文献   

Factors influencing the formation of shallow landslides in the Boston Mountains of northwest Arkansas,USA     

Michael Maguigan  John Dixon  Kristofor Brye 《自然地理学》2013,34(5):426-447

Slope failures cause billions of dollars of damage annually and put human lives at risk. This study employed field measurements and observations to provide the framework for laboratory simulations to investigate the effects of environmental characteristics on slope stability in the highly fractured bedrock region of the Boston Mountains, northwest Arkansas. Field measurements, to determine characteristics and possible controls of 10 shallow slope failures along an interstate highway, revealed that slope failures occurred within a relatively narrow range of slope angles (17–36°) and in loamy soils. Based on field observations, flume experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between soil texture, slope angle, bedrock fractures, soil compaction, and slope instability. Time to failure differed (p < 0.05) among treatment combinations. Generally, slopes composed of loam were more stable than slopes composed of sand. Time to failure decreased more on slopes of 15–20° than on slopes of 20–25°. Flume slopes with sod cover never failed. This study provided a methodology for using field analyses of slope failures to guide laboratory experiments and demonstrated that complex interactions among environmental factors work to stabilize or compromise steep (>20°) slopes.  相似文献   

Effects of geological structures on rainfall-runoff responses in headwater catchments in a sedimentary rock mountain     

Jun Inaoka  Ken'ichirou Kosugi  Naoya Masaoka  Tetsushi Itokazu  Kimihito Nakamura 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5567-5579

Clarifying rainfall-runoff responses in mountainous areas is essential for disaster prediction as well as water resource management. Although runoff is considered to be significantly affected by topography, some previous studies have reported that geological structures also have significant effects on rainfall-runoff characteristics. Particularly in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains, dips and strikes may significantly affect rainwater discharge. In this study, the effects of geological structures on rainfall-runoff characteristics were investigated based on observed discharge hydrographs from 12 catchments, which lie radially from the summit of a sedimentary rock mountain. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Even though the topographic wetness index (TWI) distributions of the 12 catchments were similar, there were significant differences in their runoff characteristics; (2) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the strike direction (strike-oriented catchments) are characterized by large baseflows; (3) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the opposite dip direction (opposite dip-oriented catchments) are steep, and this results in quick storm runoff generation; (4) Catchments with average flow direction oriented toward the dip direction (dip-oriented catchments) are gentle, and this results in delayed storm runoff generation. It was presumed that in strike-oriented catchments, large quantities of groundwater flowing along the bedding planes owing to hydraulic anisotropy, exfiltrate and sustain the large amount of the observed baseflow, that is, in strike-oriented catchments, runoff is directly controlled by geological structures. Conversely, in opposite dip-oriented and dip-oriented catchments, runoff is indirectly controlled by geological structures, that is, geological structures affect slope gradients, which result in differences in storm runoff generation. Thus, this study clearly illustrates that geological structures significantly affect rainfall-runoff responses in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains.  相似文献   

Influence of inclination angles and confining pressures on mechanical behavior of rock materials containing a preexisting crack     

Cheng Zhao  Yimeng Zhou  Qingzhao Zhang  Chunfeng Zhao  Hiroshi Matsuda 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):353-370

To deeply understand the cracking mechanical behavior of brittle rock materials, numerical simulations of a rock specimen containing a single preexisting crack were carried out by the expanded distinct element method (EDEM). Based on the analysis of crack tips and a comparison between stress- and strain-based methods, the strain strength criterion was adopted in the numerical models to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes under uniaxial and biaxial compression. The simulation results indicated that the crack inclination angle and confining pressure had a great influence on the tensile and shear properties, peak strength, and failure behaviors, which also showed a good agreement with the experimental results. If the specimen was under uniaxial compression, it was found that the initiation stress and peak strength first decreased and then increased with an increasing inclination angle α. Regardless of the size of α, tensile cracks initiated prior to shear cracks. If α was small (such as α ≤ 30°), the tensile cracks dominated the specimen failure, the wing cracks propagated towards the direction of uniaxial compression, and the propagation of shear cracks was inhibited by the high concentration of tensile stress. In contrast, if α was large (such as α ≥ 45°), mixed cracks dominated the specimen failure, and the external loading favored the further propagation of shear cracks. Analyzing the numerical results of the specimen with a 45° inclination angle under biaxial compression, it was revealed that lateral confinement had a significant influence on the initiation sequence and the mechanical properties of new cracks.  相似文献   

关于三轴试验破裂角的试验论证与探讨     

谭凡  黄斌  饶锡保  左永振 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1)

目前不同排水条件下的三轴试验中试样的剪切破裂角的计算方法存在用有效应力内摩擦角还是用总应力内摩擦角计算的争议。本文首先通过三轴UU、CU及CD试验对破裂角与内摩擦角之间的关系进行了论证,然后展开理论分析与探讨,并对三轴试验强度包线的确定存在的问题进行了讨论。结果表明:同一饱和土样在不同类型的三轴试验中破裂角与由有效应力指标计算的破裂角基本相等,试样的破裂角应由有效应力强度指标确定;三轴UU试验采用最大剪应力作为不排水强度是偏危险的,CU试验采用总应力摩尔圆公切线确定的强度参数与用实际剪切面确定的参数差别较小。  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震序列联合定位研究     

何斌  张元生  李稳 《内陆地震》2011,25(2):136-142

使用联合定位方法对2008年5月12日至7月7日M<,L>≥3.0的1 028次地震进行重新定位.针对EVT格式的波形数据,重新求取视出射角参数和到时参数,建立地震波到时与视出射角联合定位方法.视出射角参数对深度较敏感,其联合定位结果能保证经度和纬度方向上的定位精度,特别是能提高对深度的分辨能力.联合定位结果表明,地震...  相似文献   

Apparent velocity estimation with P-SV ratio method     

Yuewei Liu  Hongnan Li 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(3):393-402

The apparent velocity of the incident wave is an important parameter for simulating rotational ground motion with theoretical methods, but it is difficult to estimate effectively when there is only a single record. This paper discusses a P-SV ratio method based on elastodynamic theory in a multi-layer isotropic elastic half space. The apparent velocities of four earthquakes in the SMART1 array are calculated with this method. The result is close to a method that uses travel time analysis. Furthermore, the f...  相似文献   

部分熔融岩石流变学   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邵同宾  嵇少丞  王茜 《地质论评》2011,57(6):851-869

本文系统地总结了静态与动态条件下部分熔融岩石中熔体的形态及其分布特征,着重阐述部分熔融对橄榄岩和花岗岩流变学性质的影响.众所周知,部分熔融不仅是造成地球的成分演化、形成层圈构造的重要过程,而且对深部地壳和上地幔的物理性质(如,电导率、滞弹性、剪切波速度和渗透性等)皆具有重要的影响.尤其是,部分熔融岩石流变性的研究对于深...  相似文献   

数学测深仪的波束角效应仿真系统的设计与实现     

邹永刚  金绍华  朱小辰  刘雁春 《测绘科学》2011,36(1):170-171,222

本文为形象地展示波束角效应的作用原理及其对测深的影响,基于回声测深仪测深原理,利用Matlab语言设计与实现了波束角效应仿真系统.利用设计的三维数学测深仪,能够仿真多种海面环境下的水深测量,深化对测深理论的研究.  相似文献