Magion-4 High-Altitude Cusp Study     

J. Merka  J. Šafránková  Z. Němeček  J. Šimůnek 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):57-69

The polar cusps have traditionally been described as narrow funnel-shaped regions of magnetospheric magnetic field lines directly connected to magnetosheath ones, allowing the magnetosheath plasma to precipitate into the ionosphere. However, recent middle- to high-altitude observations (i.e., the Interball, Hawkeye, Polar, Image, and Cluster spacecraft) reported the cusps to encompass a broad area near local noon. The present paper focuses on a statistical study of the high-altitude cusp and surrounding magnetosheath regions as well as on some peculiarities of the cusp-magnetosheath transition. For a comparison of high- and low-altitude cusp determination, we present a mapping of two-year Magion-4 (a part of the Interball project) observations of cusp-like plasma along model magnetic field lines (according to the Tsyganenko 96 model) down to the Earth’s surface. The footprint positions show a substantial latitudinal dependence on the dipole tilt angle. The dependence can be fitted by a line with a slope of 0.14° MLAT per 1° of tilt. In contrary to previously reported IMF or solar wind influences on the cusp shape or location, some differences exist: (1) a possible IMF B_X dependence of the cusp location, (2) a split cusp for B_Y≠ 0, and (3) a smaller cusp during periods of higher solar wind dynamic pressure. The conclusions following from the statistical analysis are confirmed by case studies which reveal the physical mechanisms leading to the observed phenomena. Results have shown that (1) reconnection near the cusp does not necessarily lead to observable precipitation, (2) the cusp precipitation in one hemisphere can be supplied from the conjugate hemisphere, and (3) the cusp geometry at a certain time depends on the IMF history.  相似文献   

山地大倾角地层三维地震资料处理研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

马社坤 夏青徐爽  张安徽 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(4):41-44

山地大倾角地层的三维地震资料处理的核心问题是如何解决3D反射面元发散，增加反射面元内道集同相叠加，而静校正技术和偏移成像技术正是解决这一问题的关键技术。以XJ区的三维地震勘探为例，对其资料进行综合静校正及叠前偏移成像技术处理，较好地解决了该区的地层构造成像和分辨率问题，保证了勘探精度。  相似文献   

The misorientation index: Development of a new method for calculating the strength of lattice-preferred orientation   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

Philip Skemer  Ikuo Katayama  Zhenting Jiang  Shun-ichiro Karato 《Tectonophysics》2005,411(1-4):157-167

Using orientation data from experimentally deformed olivine, we explore some practical problems with the J-index, a commonly applied measure of fabric strength. We show that the J-index is highly dependent on several factors, including the number of discrete data in the orientation distribution function (ODF), and arbitrary numerical parameters specified for its calculation. Because of this non-uniqueness, we conclude that the J-index is difficult to interpret and should only be applied with caution. As an alternative to the J-index, we propose a new measure of fabric strength that is based on the distribution of uncorrelated misorientation angles. This “M-index” is shown to be insensitive to the parameters specified for its calculation. For typical deformed olivine samples, we show that 150 discrete data are adequate to quantify fabric strength using the M-index technique. The M-index correlates well with seismic anisotropy, particularly for materials of the same fabric type. Therefore, we conclude that the M-index technique is well-suited for the quantification of fabric strength and the comparison of like materials.  相似文献   

Absolute S-velocity estimation from receiver functions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. Svenningsen  B. H. Jacobsen 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(3):1089-1094

We present a novel method to recover absolute S velocities from receiver functions.
For a homogeneous half-space the S velocity can be calculated from the horizontal slowness and the angle of surface particle motion for an incident P wave. Generally, the calculated S velocity is an apparent half-space value which depends on model inhomogeneity and P -waveform. We therefore, suggest to calculate such apparent half-space S velocities from low-pass filtered (smoothed) receiver functions using a suite of filter-parameters, T . The use of receiver functions neutralize the influence of the P -waveform, and the successive low-pass filterings emphasize the variation of S velocity with depth.
We apply this   V _{S ,app.}( T )  technique to teleseismic data from three stations: FUR, BFO and SUM, situated on thick sediments, bedrock and the Greenland ice cap, respectively. The observed   V _{S ,app.}( T )  curves indicate the absolute S velocities from the near surface to the uppermost mantle beneath each station, clearly revealing the different geological environments. Application of linearized, iterative inversion quantify these observations into   V _S ( z )  models, practically independent of the S -velocity starting model. The obtained models show high consistency with independent geoscientific results. These cases provide also a general validation of the   V _{S ,app.}( T )  method.
We propose the computation of   V _{S ,app.}( T )  curves for individual three-component broad-band stations, both for direct indication of the S velocities and for inverse modelling.  相似文献   

粒状碎屑溜砂坡的形成和基本特征研究（溜砂坡系列研究之一）     

王成华  张小刚  阙云  何思明 《岩土力学》2007,28(1):29-35

通过现场考察和室内模型试验，研究了粒状碎屑溜砂坡形成的“三大要素”——砂源区、溜动区和形成区、粒状碎屑溜砂坡形成条件和演化规律、研究了粒状碎屑溜砂坡的散体结构特征和天然休止角。通过影响天然休止角的主要因素和显著性分析，研究了天然休止角的线性回归方程以及粒状碎屑溜砂坡的稳定性和判别标志。  相似文献   

地层油藏超剥尖灭线夹角定量外推方法模型研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

苏朝光  闫昭岷  张营革  高秋菊  朱定蓉 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(6):1841-1846

地层油藏是一种复杂的油藏类型,在地震描述中根据地震反射特征追踪的尖灭线与实际地层油藏的尖灭线常常存在较大的误差,因此精确落实地层超剥线的位置是地层油藏勘探成功的关键,本文通过大量的正演模型和地质统计方法,发现地层油藏超剥尖灭线的误差与地层和不整合面的夹角有关,从而提出了地层油藏超剥尖灭线夹角定量外推这种新方法,通过实际资料的应用,较好地解决了地层油藏超剥尖灭线不准的问题,取得了良好地质效果.  相似文献   

Reply to Comment on “The Misorientation index: Development of a new method for calculating the strength of lattice-preferred orientation”     

Philip Skemer  Shun-ichiro Karato 《Tectonophysics》2007,441(1-4):119-120

  相似文献   

本地塘角鱼生长(养殖)与钦州市气象条件关系的分析     

杨兰英  黄汝红  朱小玲 《气象研究与应用》2006,27(2):30-32

通过对钦州市气象件与本地塘角鱼生长环境因子进行分析,结果表明:钦州市的天气气候条件非常适宜其生长,只要采取相应的管理措施,就可取得较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

The nature of surface complexation: a continuum approach     

M. A. Butkus  Domenico Grasso 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(4-5):446-453

Received: 3 March 2000 · Accepted: 9 May 2000  相似文献   

Shear strength characteristics of sand-mixed with granular rubber   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mahmoud Ghazavi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2004,22(3):401-416

Waste materials such as waste tires, rubbers, and plastic materials are normally produced in every society, entering the environment and causing serious problems. These problems may be somehow reduced by finding applications for them in engineering, for example, as lightweight materials for backfill in geotechnical projects. To this aim, this paper demonstrates how shear strength characteristics of sand mixed with various percentages of waste garden hose grains are altered. A relatively, uniform sand has been mixed with waste hose grains in loose and slightly compacted states. Waste hose grains were prepared with special popular machinery in a local area. Various sand-rubber mixtures having 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 100% waste hose particles by weight were chosen. The rubber grains were distributed in the sand such that uniform mixtures are obtained. In order to compare the shear strength of different sand-rubber samples, two compaction states were considered. The results show that the influencing parameters on shear strength characteristics of sand-rubber mixtures are normal stress, mixture unit weight, and rubber content. With the selected waste hose particles, compaction states, and rubber contents, the initial friction angle φ₁ does not change significantly. However, an apparent cohesion appears in the mixtures. From environmental point of view and due to lightweight material for the sand-waste hose particles, it may be useful to use such materials in corresponding geotechnical projects. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献