1989-2003年中国北方土地覆被变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李月臣 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(1):85-94

The 13 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） in northern China are located in latitude 31°-54°N and longitude 73°-136°E including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang, where environments are fragile. In recent years, the eco-environmental problems such as vegetation destruction, desertification and soil erosion etc. become serious because of climate change and unreasonable human activities. In this paper, landscape pattern and its evolution in northern China from 1989 to 2003 was investigated by the combined use of RS and GIS based on the basic theory and method of landscape ecology. Land use/cover maps of the study area in 1989, 1999 and 2003 were produced by using 1 km monthly NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） and SPOTNGT Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） dataset from national climate bureau of China which were geo-registered to Lambert azimuthal equal-area map projection and were used in the paper. Landscape evolution in the area over the study period was investigated by two methods： （a） the changes of various landscape metrics were analyzed using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS; （b） the transition matrix of landscape patch types was calculated with the help of the RS and GIS software. The results showed that from 1989 to 2003, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The diversity index and evenness index increased during the period, which means that the landscape pattern tended to be diversified and even. The fragmentation index of grassland, forestland and water areas also increased significantly. This showed that the distribution and structure of forestland, grassland and water areas had been changed greatly during the period, especially grassland which became more and more fragmentized, and its fragmentation index increased from 19.23% to 88.72%. The transi  相似文献   

中国北方地区四季的时空演变特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

严登华  耿思敏  罗先香  秦天玲 《地理科学》2011,31(9):1105-1110

利用中国北方地区及周边58个气象站点1960~2009年的逐日气温资料,结合气候趋势系数和GIS平台,以5 d滑动平均温度作为划分依据,对中国北方地区近50 a来四季的开始时间、长度以及积温的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明,北方地区四季演变呈一定的径向、纬向和海陆分布规律,且由于地理隔离,存在不连续的高值或低值中心,但整体上呈现以下特征:春夏起始日期提前,秋季推迟,冬季整体变化不大;多数地区春季、秋季和冬季变短,夏季变长,严冬比例减小;多数地区春季温度降低,夏季、秋季和冬季温度升高,严冬平均温度升高。  相似文献   

掩星情报站     

张学军 《天文爱好者》2008,(3):10-11

这次月掩星有个特点,就是两次月掩星的被掩星都是4．3等,而且月初的月掩摩羯座8星只有南方地区可见,中旬的月掩星只有北方地区可见。小行星掩星依然有四次,这四次小行星掩星中,最亮的被掩星是4．8等星。因为小行星掩亮星的机会非常少见,所以这次掩星对爱好者来说无疑是一次难得的观测良机。  相似文献   

中国北方地区用水进入低增长和微增长阶段的必要性和可能性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆大道  贾绍凤  白永平 《地理研究》2014,33(2):203-213

水资源如何能够得到长期和可持续的供应和利用,已成为全社会十分关注的重大问题。中国用水问题突出的是在北方地区。而北方地区依赖“开源”解决水问题已面临极限挑战。本文论证了中国北方地区未来进入用水微增长乃至零增长阶段的可能性和必要性。其主要依据是近年来的用水增长态势是进入稳定低增长阶段的前兆;农业用水量增长态势呈波动状态,效率有所提高;工业年耗水量在波动中有所下降;生活用水特别是城镇生活用水上升,但占全部用水的比重小。在政府管理和用水理念方面,需要在用水需求、用水观念、节水措施、制度建设上作出与时俱进的调整。  相似文献   

努力做好地下水资源保障          下载免费PDF全文

段永侯 《水文地质工程地质》2009,36(2)

今春,我国北方地区一场30年、50年一遇的严重旱情不期而至,导致河流干枯、麦田龟裂、麦田枯萎.截止2月7日,全国耕地受旱面积已达2.99亿亩,其中作物受旱面积1.53亿亩,有442万人、222万头大牲畜发生饮水困难.河北、河南、山东、娄徽、江苏、山西、陕西、甘肃等北方八省的小麦主产区受旱面积达1.52亿亩.  相似文献   

强对流天气频繁气象灾害损失较重2005年5月   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖风劲 《气象》2005,31(8):94-95

5月份,全国平均气温为15．6℃,较常年同期略偏高;全国平均降水量为80．6mm,较常年同期偏多13．5mm。本月暴雨、大风冰雹、雷暴等强对流天气发生较频繁,部分地区损失严重。北方地区出现大范围明显降水过程,旱情得到有效缓解。云南大部高温少雨,旱情发展。  相似文献   

Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China —— Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province     

FANG Yangang LIU Jisheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4)

  相似文献   

Climate change in the North- past, present and future     

Joern Thiede Ola M. Johannessen 《《幕》》2008,31(1):163-167

The Nordic countries have produced famous polar explorers and researchers who have generated climate research schools at a variety of locations. The dependence of these countries with respect to the lifelihood of their societies, of their use of lands and seas, the exploitation of marine living and non-living resources have made climate research an eminent topic, and many outstanding discoveries of longand short-term climate change have been made for the first time in Scandinavia. These include early contributions to our understanding of the geological effects of continent-wide glaciations during the ice ages, the complex postglacial history of the Baltic Sea and the varved sediment sequences preserved from lakes with an extraordinary seasonality in their sediment input, as well as the detailed records of temperature, ice texture and impurities and greenhouse gas variations of the last Glacial and of the Holocene preserved in the ice cores from Greenland. Iceland with its volcanic sequences and intercalated sediment layers not only preserved the history of this subaerial segment of the mid-Atlantic Ridge, but also easily datable paleoclimate records. The fate of the Vikings, who settled during the Medieval climate optimum on Iceland and later on Greenland and who lost their habitat on Greenland at the beginning of the Little Ice Age, illustrates vividly the climate-dependent subsistence of the indigenous and non-indigenous Scandinavian populations. Modern Scandinavian climate research institutions also include sophisticated modelling groups.  相似文献   

如何控制钻孔压浆桩质量问题     

贾庆军 武环刘国良  宋慎春 《黑龙江国土资源》2006,(9):44-45

近几年来，齐齐哈尔市楼房基础普遍应用钻孔压浆桩，该工艺很适合齐市地层情况，承载力高，施工效率高，是北方地区施工期短的优选桩型。由于应用广泛，很多施工队伍前来招标，所以施工质量就难免出现问题，根据多年的施工经验，浅谈一下钻孔压浆桩施工质量的保证措施。  相似文献   

中国北方地区农业气象灾害时空演变规律     

李莹  刘立岩  吕爽 《黑龙江气象》2015,32(1):44-46

利用全国1951-2000年的成灾面积和受灾面积的数据,分析我国北方的主要四类农业灾害的变化趋势和周期特点。经分析得出:(1)影响我国北方地区的各类气象灾害中,旱灾影响最为严重,其次是水灾,成灾率的线性趋势表明,除水灾成灾率波动下降外,其余灾害均波动上升;(2)我国北方的灾情指数呈波动上升趋势,在不同灾情上,轻灾发生次数最高,重灾和大灾发生的频率最低,灾情指数的主要周期为13 a,预计2014-2017年灾情指数偏高,维持至2017年。  相似文献