基于知识库和空间信息耦合模型的北川县震后土壤侵蚀分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾红娟  杨胜天  高云飞  马海宽  郑东海  张宇 《遥感学报》2008,12(6)

基于土壤水力侵蚀分级标准,考虑地震造成的特殊土壤侵蚀类型,构建了地震重灾区土壤侵蚀强度分级知识库;综合利用RS和GIS技术,结合专家知识判断,快速提取了四川省北川县土地利用、地面坡度、植被盖度、特殊侵蚀类型等土壤侵蚀因子空间信息;基于EcoHAT系统中的知识库和空间信息耦合型土壤侵蚀模型,快速完成了北川县震后土壤侵蚀强度的判定与分析.结果表明,地震使北川县土壤侵蚀加剧,相比2000年全国土壤侵蚀遥感调查成果,震后土壤侵蚀面积增加了275.13km2,增长量为23.83%;特殊侵蚀类型面积占北川县面积的2.48%;林地土壤侵蚀面积最大,占总侵蚀面积的一半以上;耕地土壤侵蚀比例为98.95%;坡度是北川县土壤侵蚀的主要贡献因子,植被则是主要控制因子,坡耕地治理是今后北川县土壤侵蚀控制的重点.  相似文献   

大理河流域土壤侵蚀风险及其空间格局分析     

陈琳  张喜旺  刘剑锋  周建郑 《测绘科学》2013,38(4):28-30,18

本文利用遥感影像提取大理河流域相关信息,采用水利部部颁标准评价土壤侵蚀风险等级,并与地形特征进行叠加分析。结果显示:研究区侵蚀风险以中度和轻度为主;坡度是主要影响因素,坡度越大侵蚀风险区越集中,尤其是强度及以上区域,集中程度达到90%以上;侵蚀主要分布在1000m—1400m的两个高程带内。研究结果可以辅助管理部门进行侵蚀治理决策。  相似文献   

滦河流域土壤侵蚀强度时空变化分析     

李子轩  陈宇  齐建怀  付贵增 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(9)

滦河流域从1990年就被列为国家级水土流失重点防治区,国家在水土流失治理方面进行了大力投入。进入21世纪,通过大规模的治理,流域水土流失得到了有效遏止,生态环境明显好转。与此同时,国家在该区域开展了多次土壤侵蚀遥感调查,调查结果在时间上形成序列,客观反映了流域的水土流失状况及其变化趋势。在历次土壤侵蚀调查结果的基础上,对滦河流域从1984～2008年近三个年代的土壤侵蚀时空变化进行分析,确定了流域内水土流失强度在空间和等级的变化情况。  相似文献   

乌江流域土壤侵蚀预测信息系统的研究开发     

陈欣松 《江西测绘》2013,(4):44-45

作者选取江西省永丰县乌江流域为例,以RS/GIS技术为基础,探讨USLE(通用土壤流失方程)土壤侵蚀预测模型信息系统的实现及应用。本文详细介绍ArcGIS Engine的开发方式,并利用Visual Basic 6.0进行土壤侵蚀信息系统的开发。在土壤侵蚀理论分析研究的基础上,选择具有可行性的各土壤侵蚀因子,利用土壤侵蚀预测模型,完成了水文分析、表面分析、坡长提取、图形格式转换及空间查询功能,实现了各土壤侵蚀模型因子的自动提取与计算,建立起乌江流域土壤侵蚀预测信息系统,最终实现了水土流失量的自动估算。  相似文献   

基于日降雨量的年均降雨侵蚀力估算模型及其应用——以四川省凉山州为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄凤琴  第宝锋  黄成敏  谭琼 《山地学报》2013,(1):55-64

为提高连续性降雨强度、降雨量、雨滴动能等数据缺乏地区修正通用土壤侵蚀方程(RUSLE)的计算精度,提出了针对我国西南地区基于日降雨的年均降雨侵蚀力估算模型。进而RUSLE与GIS技术结合,剖析了四川省凉山州的土壤侵蚀空间分布特征。研究表明,四川省凉山州西北部土壤侵蚀较轻,东部和南部侵蚀较高,特别是金沙江干流沿岸、雅砻江下游、黑水河和美姑河等流域侵蚀最为严重。结合土地利用和坡度分析,凉山州>6°的旱地土壤侵蚀最严重,而林地和草地土壤侵蚀的强弱主要取决于植被覆盖程度。  相似文献   

PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT REDUCING BENEFIT UNDER DIFFERENT RAINFALL CONDITIONS AND CONTROL DEGREES ON THE LOESS PLATEAU DEGREES ON THE LOESS PLATEAU     

JIAO Ju-ying  WANG Wan-zhong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(2):149-156

Soilerosionisoneofthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemsinthepresentworld.Itnotonlyrestrictstheproductionofagriculturebadly,butalsothreatensthenaturalenvironmentonwhichhumanbeinglive.Andthismakethemankindconfrontedwithtremendouschallenge.OntheLoessPlateau,soilandwaterlossisterrible,environmentisweak,anditshighsandyieldmakestheriverwayinthelowerreachesoftheHuanghe(Yellow)Riverfilledup,riverbeddrivenup,floodthreatprickedup,andresultsingreathiddentroublestothecontrollingoffloodandtherunningofirrig…  相似文献   

Soil Erosion under Different Land Use Types and Zones of Jinsha River Basin in Yunnan Province, China   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

YANGZisheng LIANGLuohui 《山地科学学报》2004,1(1):46-56

Severe soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River has been regarded as a major environmental problem. The on-site impact of soil erosion on agricultural production and the off-site impact on floods and sedimentation in Yangtze Rive are well known. A quantitative assessment of soil erosion intensity is still scanty for developing appropriate soil erosion control measures for different land use types and zohes in this region. This article constructs a localized USLE and estimates the average soil loss in the Jinsha River Region in Yunnan Province, one of the priority areas for soil erosion control in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River. The estimation is done under different land uses and zones in this basin. The estimation shows that while soil erosion in the cultivated land is the most severe, 36～40% of the garden and forest land suffers from soil erosion of various degrees due to lack of ground cover and other factors. Soil erosion in the pasture is modest when the ground cover is well maintained. It also confirmed that terracing can reduce soil erosion intensity significantly on the cultivated land. Research findings suggest that sufficient attention must be paid to regeneration of the ground cover in reforestation programs. In addition to mass reforestation efforts, restoration of grassland and terracing of the cultivated land should also play an important role in erosion control.  相似文献   

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL EROSION AND NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION BASED ON GIS IN ERLONG LAKE WATERSHED, JILIN PROVINCE   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Wang Ning  Zhang Hong-yan  Wang Hui-lian  Zhang Zheng-xiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(4):355-360

Data collection, factor composition, nappe analysis and integrative simulation of natural geographical factors in Erlong Lake watershed have been carried out based on GIS. The risk areas where non-point source pollution may occur were compartmentalized and assessed, and the total soil erosion and the runoffs of N and P with rainfall in this valley were worked out by experiment and GIS mapping. The study indicated that the main type of soil erosion was moderate (erosion modulus is 1000–2500t/(km²·a)) at present, and the intense erosion areas are located in dry land with variable slope east of the lake and the middle-south parts of steep slope mountainous region (erosion modulus is more than 5000t/(km²·a)). Though the area is small, it should be paid attention to. The trend of non-point source pollution (NSP) of nitrogen and phosphorus loss was corresponded with the soil erosion. Spatial distribution and the reasons of the distribution difference have been presented and it was emphasized that the human activities among the influence factors was the most important. It surely offers a scientific basis to control and prevent non-point source pollution in the watershed. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50139020-5-2) and Science & Technology Committee of Jilin Province (No. 20010602) Biography: WANG Ning (1952–), female, a native of Beijing, associate professor, Ph.D., specialized in water and soil conservation and pollution control. E-mail: nwang@nenu.edu.cn  相似文献   

生物修复：土壤侵蚀的克星     

《国土资源》2004,(1):16-17

工业的飞速发展，必然产生大量含有重金属的废水，含重金属的污水引入农田灌溉，矿区飘尘及城市大气悬浮物的沉降等，使土壤侵蚀的程度日渐严重。在经济日益发达的今天，土壤侵蚀的趋势不断加剧，土壤侵蚀的面积不断增加，土壤侵蚀已成为全球关注的重大环境问题之一。  相似文献   

QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SOIL EROSION AND ELEMENT RUN-OFF IN THE SONGHUA LAKE VALLEY     

WANGNing ZHUYan-ming WANGHui-lian 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):238-241

Under the condition of different precipitation intensities, different gradients, different land-use types and different vegetation coverage, the soil erosion and transference of element (or pollutant) are studied by simulating and analyzing the surface run-off of experimental plots in the catchment area of Songhua Lake, with an area of about 43 370.8km^2. And the influencing factors that produce the spatial difference are analyzed and assessed. It is put for-ward that the irrational land utilization is the reason of soil erosion and pollutant run-off. The gradient of farmland,the growing season of vegetation and the vegetation coverage are chiefly restricting factors that lead to the soil ero-sion and pollutant run-off. This study can provide the fundamental data for comprehensive planning and harnessing of the non-noint source t3ollution in the valley.  相似文献