西安市区大气污染时空变化特征及其与气象条件关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

宁海文  吴息 《陕西气象》2005,(2):17-20

利用 1 998— 2 0 0 3年西安市环境监测站提供的 SO2 、NO2 和 PM1 0质量浓度资料 ,分析研究了这 3种主要污染物的年际变化、年变化、季变化等时空变化特征及其与气象条件的关系。结果表明 :西安市区主要空气污染物年日均质量浓度总趋势是逐年递减 ,空气质量逐步得到改善 ;冬春两季空气污染严重 ,夏秋两季空气质量最好 ;空间分布上 SO2 和 NO2 以小寨商业区最高 ,PM1 0则以东郊纺织城地区最高。污染物质量浓度与气象条件密切相关 ,但在不同的季节与不同的污染物相关紧密的气象要素不同  相似文献   

基于GIS的兰州市大气污染空间分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

安兴琴  马安青  王惠林 《干旱区地理》2006,29(4):576-581

基于GIS空间分析与插值技术,对兰州市大气污染具有代表季节的冬季大气污染的空间分布特征进行了研究。应用1999-2000年冬季地面观察站实测资料,使用Surfer软件插值方法绘制等值线图,与行政图进行叠置分析。研究了兰州市SO2,TSP等几种大气污染物的空间分布特征与污染源的内在关系,并且结合国家环境空气质量标准中各项污染物的浓度限值,分别对上述污染物的污染强度进行了区域划分。地面实测表明,兰州市大气污染程度最重的冬季TSP对大气污染的贡献程度超过了SO2;应用空间插值与叠加分析表明,兰州市城区SO2与TSP污染强度的分布格局与污染源分布基本一致。研究证明使用GIS空间分析技术可以很好的揭示出西北高原典型盆地地貌型城市大气污染物空间扩散与分布的特征。  相似文献   

成都市冬季逆温对大气污染的影响分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周颖  靳小兵曾涛 《四川气象》2006,26(2):22-23

根据2002年1月的温度场和大气污染浓度强化监测资料,分析成都市冬季逆温特征。成都市的冬季逆温主要为上部逆温,出现频率为62.9%;通过分析其上部逆温的时间和空间分布特征,认为成都市冬季逆温对大气污染扩散的不利影响,主要表现为03时上部逆温对≤75m的低矮源污染物扩散的影响,而对高架源污染物的扩散影响不大。  相似文献   

CAPPS2在西安市大气污染分区预报中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王繁强  王建鹏  胡琳  何晓嫒  周阿舒  姚迎庆 《陕西气象》2006,(5):8-11

根据陕西省的实际情况和大气环境业务需求，利用预报实时业务的网络环境，通过对CAPPS2模式的应用开发，使用VB6．0编程，建立了西安市未来24h大气污染分区预报系统。业务运行结果分析表明，CAPPS2系统对开关厂、兴庆小区、纺织城、小寨四区主要污染物SO2、NO2、PM10质最浓度的预报值与实况监测值相关系数分别达到0．52、0．88、0．66、0．54；0．50、0．49、0．64、0．73；0．70、0．71、0．76、0．65。SO2、NO2、PM10的平均预报准确率分别达到70％、71％和75％，表明其预报能力可满足业务应用要求。  相似文献   

和田市能见度变化趋势及其与空气质量的关系     

玉苏甫·阿布都拉  热依汗古丽  买买提阿布都拉  米吉提·依明  Yusup·ABDULLA  Reyhanguli  Maimaitiabudula  Mijit·IMIN 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2006,29(1):24-25,29

对1963～2004年和田市各级别大气能见度进行统计分析,揭示了大气能见度的年际变化和季节变化特征。近20a来和田市大气环境质量趋于好转,造成能见度恶化的重要原因是大气中悬浮颗粒的增多,因此大气能见度是评价大气环境质量的重要指标。  相似文献   

Influence of the environmental behavior and ecological effect of cropland heavy metal contaminants by CO2 enrichment in atmosphere     

Hongyan GUO Haixia JIA Jianguo ZHU Xiaorong WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):212-212

Recently, the impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2 level on the terrestrial ecological system have been intensively studied. The higher the CO2 concentration, the higher the risk of destabilizing vulnerable carbon pool on ecological safety. Metabolism, biomass, activity, and diversity of microbial communities in soils can be significantly altered by the CO2 enrichment. For instance, it may accelerate carbonate weathering, vary the rhizospheric exudation, and enhance the amount of available C from the upper soil layer. However, how the CO2 enrichment would influence food safety such as species transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils is remained unanswered. The bioavailability of heavy metals is strongly affected by bio-factors in addition to the physiochemical conditions of soils. Different physiological mechanisms and states control plant uptake of heavy metals. The enrichment of CO2 influences physiological functionalities of plants, and in turn, is expected to have impacts on the bioaccumulation of pollutants and the stress adjustment system of plants. Currently, in China soil is heavily polluted, in most cases, combined by organic pollutants and heavy metals. Studies of the environmental behavior and ecological effect of Cu in soil under elevated CO2 levels were conducted in China FACE （Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment） from June to October 2005 using pot experiments. Results showed that the accumulation of Cu and Cd in leaves, stems, roots, and grains of rice growing in Cu contaminated soils was significantly lowered, indicating that the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils decreases with increasing CO2 concentration.  相似文献   

Chemical characteristics of fine particles during spring dust storm dominant period in two Chinese cities, Baotou and Wuwei     

Min HU Fan YANG Dingli YUE Song GUO Mengting WEN Wenting ZHANG Feng TIAN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):221-221

Mineral dust, including dust storm, fugitive and floating dust are the most important components of ambient aerosol in northern China during spring. Meanwhile, it goes through heating period when fossil fuel combustion acts as a dominant source. In order to understand the chemical characteristics of fine particles in North China, two sampling sites was established in Baotou City in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Wuwei City near the edge of Gobi to collect fine particles （PM 2.5） samples in the spring of 2004 and 2005, and analyze mass concentrations, ionic species and some element components of PM 2.5. The results indicated that dust events elevated the mass concentrations of particulate matter significantly, not only for coarse particles, but also for fine particles. Crustal components, organic matter and sulfates are three major compositions in fine particles, their mass concentrations and relative abundances are closely related with the frequency of dust events and coal combustion. The characteristics of fine particles are obviously diverse under different atmospheric conditions. （1） When the dust storms take place, the wind speeds are often higher than 10 m/s. A plenty of mineral aerosol is input from long distance, and also local soil dust is blown up to suspend in the air as particles. Therefore, the concentrations of PM 2.5 are enhanced dramatically. Mass concentrations and relative percentages of crustal components in PM 2.5 increased significantly during dust events. The mineral dust may help gas to particle conversation by heterogeneous reactions. Increases in mass concentrations of SO4^2-, NO3^- and NH4^＋ and organic matter in PM 2.5 were observed evidently. But their fractions in PM 2.5 do not increase simultaneously due to dilution of storing wind. （2） When wind velocity is lower （〈3 m/s）, air pollutants are accumulated, both mass concentrations of SO4^2-, NO3^- and NH4^＋ and organic matter, and their fractions in PM 2.5 increase, indicating severe anthropogenic pollution. The chemical characteristics of PM 2.5 in Baotou and Wuwei are also influenced by their industrial structure, topography and meteorological conditions.  相似文献   

成都市冬季逆温对大气污染的影响分析     

周颖  靳小兵  曾涛 《高原山地气象研究》2006,26(2)

根据2002年1月的温度场和大气污染浓度强化监测资料,分析成都市冬季逆温特征.成都市的冬季逆温主要为上部逆温,出现频率为62.9%;通过分析其上部逆温的时间和空间分布特征,认为成都市冬季逆温对大气污染扩散的不利影响,主要表现为03时上部逆温对≤75m的低矮源污染物扩散的影响,而对高架源污染物的扩散影响不大.  相似文献   

支持向量机在大气污染预报中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

常涛 《气象》2006,32(12):61-65

支持向量机是基于统计学习理论的新一代机器学习技术，其非线性回归预测性能优越于传统统计方法。利用前一天该污染物的日均浓度、前一天地面平均风速等7个预报因子建立了基于RBF核函数支持向量回归法的大气污染预报模型，并利用十重交叉验证和网格搜索法寻找模型最优参数。乌鲁木齐大气预报实例表明：支持向量机显示出小样本时预报精度较高和训练速度快的独特优势，为空气质量预报提供一种全新的模式。  相似文献   

冬季的气象病     

红果 《四川气象》2006,26(4):14-14

入冬以来．小女孩平平咳嗽一个多月，吃了不少药，打了不少针，可总不见痊愈。平平妈妈向儿科专家咨询，专家给孩子听听看看模摸。然后说：“孩子没什么大病，只是一点很轻微的气管炎．这病与孩子的体质与气候有一定的关系。冬季，尤其是南方的冬季，气候阴冷潮湿，也是大气污染最严重的季节。小孩子适应天气变化的能力弱，很容易感冒，这时候如果得不到很好的护理和治疗．阴冷潮湿不清洁的空气很容易诱发气管发炎。孩子需要加强体质锻炼，多晒太阳。”  相似文献