有机配合物前驱体法合成纳米氧化镁研究及此法的应用前景          下载免费PDF全文

刘宁  张勇  杨建元 《盐湖研究》2006,14(4):61-65

综述了利用我国盐湖镁资源,以乙酰丙酮及其衍生物、有机胺和醋酸根为配位剂,采用有机配合物为前驱体合成纳米氧化镁的方法,前驱体形成的机理以及特点和优势。通过介绍此合成法在合成纳米金属粉体、其它金属氧化物粉体、无机盐粉体、氧化物薄膜或复合氧化物薄膜以及特殊结构化合物等方面广泛应用的实例,并预测了该法在合成其它高值化镁产品中的应用前景。  相似文献   

江汉平原江陵剖面有机碳含量、碳同位素和磁化率的古气候意义   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

王秋良  袁胜元  李长安 《地质科技情报》2006,25(4):59-62

湖泊中的有机碳及其同位素与磁化率指标广泛应用于古气候的重建,但由于各地自然条件的差异,其气候意义具有一定的区域性.对江汉平原江陵剖面沉积物中磁化率参数、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及其碳同位素δ(13C)值影响因素与环境气候关系的研究结果表明:沉积物总有机碳(TOC)的变化与总氮(TN)呈正相关关系,而总有机碳(TOC)与同位素δ(13C)、磁化率值则呈负相关关系,其组合可以很好地反映江汉平原地区的环境演变.在暖湿期,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮较高,有机质的δ(13C)值偏负,磁化率偏低;反之,在凉干期,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮较低,有机质的δ(13C)值偏正,磁化率偏高.江汉平原地区6 000 a PB以来的古气候演化经历了3个阶段:即冷干-暖湿-凉干的变化过程.  相似文献   

塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩中流体包裹体特征及其在油气成藏中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

单秀琴  钱玲  胡国艺  王春怡  孙庆伍 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(1):37-41

塔里木中央隆起是油气勘探的重要地区。本文采用包裹体的分布特征统计、荧光分析、温度测量、流体势分析和爆裂油气含量测定等方法分析了塔中地区奥陶系的油气成藏史。研究表明,奥陶系亮晶方解石中有机包裹体以气烃包裹体和沥青质包裹体为主。均一温度主要为70~100℃。该区喜马拉雅期曾有大量油气运移,油气成熟度较高。油气丰度较高的井多集中于中部地区,西北部与东南部局部有高值区。TZ60井在喜马拉雅期曾有大量油气存在,后来因为构造运动而散失殆尽。  相似文献   

贵州金、锑、汞矿床与有机质的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施继锡 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(Z1):190-191

当前,有机质在金属成矿中的作用是研究的热点.然而,以往的研究多集中在生物成矿阶段或单元素的成矿作用,对有机质参与多阶段、多元素的成矿作用研究甚少.本研究的地区是闻名中外的贵州东部(黔东)及西南部(黔西南)汞、锑、金矿区,无疑对丰富有机成矿地球化学理论以及指导找矿有重要意义.  相似文献   

上海市浅层地下水环境地球化学背景值研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

夏晨  李金柱  何中发 《上海国土资源》2006,(1):24-28

文章就文章在简要介绍上海市浅层地下水水文地质条件的基础上,就上海市浅层地下水环境地球化学调查的方法进行了论述。针对浅层地下水环境背景值进行分析,指出本市浅层地下水环境的主要污染类型属综合性有机污染。  相似文献   

Estimating contributions of sources of soil CO2 at the shallower layer in a Japanese larch forest area     

Wei LIU Jun MORIIZUMI Hiromi YAMAZAWA Takao IIDA 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):198-198

Soils contain about twice the amount of carbon presented in the atmosphere, so a small change in the soil carbon will influence atmospheric chemistry and heat balance. The soil carbon ultimately exchanged with the atmospheric CO2 as soil CO2, which mainly exists at the depth of 0-20 cm. The transport of soil CO2 is affected by the sources of soil CO2. Thus, separation of the contributions of sources of soil CO2 is a fundamental need to understand and predict implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. It is a complicated task, so that a number of different methodological approaches such as component integration, root removal, and gap analyses have been developed. However, these methods could not avoid changing soil characteristics such as air-filled porosity, soil temperature and soil water contents. Consequently, fractional contributions of respiration of living root and decomposition of soil organic matter to the total soil CO2 cannot be estimated correctly. In this study, based on mass balance theory of both concentrations and δ^13C of soil CO2, a trenching method with a stable-isotope technique was used to determine both soil CO2 sources at the depth of 3-13 cm in a Japanese larch forest area during 30 May to 7 October 2005 and fractional contributions of these sources. Experimental results showed that the amount of atmospheric CO2 invaded the soil air was not significantly variable while its percent rate in the total soil CO2 had significantly temporal variations with the lower values between 5 August and 1 September. The litter-layer decomposition was very small. The soil CO2 derived from the respiration of living root and the decomposition of soil organic matter showed significantly temporal variations with increase from 30 May to 5 Aug. and decrease from 1 September to 7 October, 2005; and it accounted for 82%-98% of the total soil CO2 in which the respiration of living root was in the range from 32% to 62%.  相似文献   

Sorption properties of 1, 3, 5-trichlorobenznene on kerogen     

Chen YANG Guoying SHENG Zhi DANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):261-262

Kerogen is an important organic matter fraction widely spread in soils and sediments. It plays a major role in the sorption and sequestration of hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs） such as trichlorobenzene （TCB）. It is known that kerogen is geochemically heterogeneous due to the differences in source materials and diagenesis history. We hypothesized that kerogen derived from different source materials and diagenetic history exhibits different sorption properties for TCB. We employed two different kerogen materials （coals） as the original materials and two series of kerogen for a given series with an identical source material but different alteration history were yielded through thermal treatment at temperature ranging from 200 to 500℃. The original and treated materials were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Sorption experiments were conducted with batch reactor systems using 1, 3, 5-TCB as the HOCs sorbates and the original and treated materials as the sorbents.  相似文献   

Sequestration of organic contaminants in soil/sediment and its impact on contaminant fate     

Wei CHEN Mason B. Tomson 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):262-263

Adsorption and desorption are critical processes controlling the fate and transport of organic contaminants in natural environment. Numerous studies have shown that only a fraction of contaminants in soil or sediment can readily be desorbed to the aqueous phase, while desorption of the remaining fraction is very difficult and does not follow the conventional desorption models-a phenomenon typically referred to as ＂resistant desorption＂ or ＂sequestration＂ and is argued by many as the cause of reduced availability of contaminants in soil and sediment. While this reduced availability often reduces the effectiveness of soil and sediment remediation, the same effect can also greatly reduce risk of contaminated soil and sediment. The authors have conducted extensive lab and field studies to characterize the unique properties of sequestration of organic contaminants and to understand the mechanism（s） controlling sequestration. Thus far, over 50 different contaminant-soil/sediment combinations have been evaluated, using contaminants of varied physical-chemical properties （e.g., chlorinated benzenes, PAHs, PCBs, DDT, atrazine, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, etc.）. Several unique characteristics of sequestration have been observed, and the most striking one is that despite the significant differences in chemical and soil properties, desorption of sequestered contaminants for all the contaminant-soil/sediment combinations exhibited very similar KOC （organic-carbon normalized partition coefficient） and very similar desorption kinetics.  相似文献   

Adsorption and stabilization of organic carbon by mineral surfaces in soils     

Seunghun KANG Saikat Ghosh Baoshan XING 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):263-264

Soils are the largest carbon reservoir in the terrestrial system. Soils contain about three times more carbon than vegetation and twice as much as that present in the atmosphere. Soil organic matter （SOM） is very complex in composition and structure, formed of heterogeneous substances and generally associated with minerals in soils. SOM is classified as labile and stable fractions on the basis of residence time, determined not only by the chemical composition of SOM, but also by types of protection or bonds within soils. The stable carbon fraction is protected either physically or chemically. To understand the process of SOM stabilization, physicochemical properties of organic-mineral complexes were determined by Fourier transformed infrared （FTIR） with attenuated total reflectance （ATR） and diffuse reflectance （DRIFT）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy （NMR）. Humic acids and carboxylic acids with relatively short carbon chains were used as sorbates, and goethite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite as adsorbents. Humic acid was fractionated during adsorption on the minerals, which was highly influenced by the characteristics of minerals. For instance, long-chain aliphatic carbon was likely to be adsorbed onto the surface of kaolinite and montmorillonite, while goethite surface attracted carboxylic functional groups of humic acid.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of nitrification and denitrification rates of sediment in Wenruitang River, Wenzhou, China     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):20-21

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