Centrifuge modelling of reverse fault–foundation interaction     

M. F. Bransby  M. C. R. Davies  A. El Nahas  S. Nagaoka 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(4):607-628

The propagation of reverse faults through soil to the ground surface has been observed to cause damage to surface infrastructure. However, the interaction between a fault propagating through a sand layer and a shallow foundation can be beneficial for heavily loaded foundations by causing deviation of the fault away from the foundation. This was studied in a series of centrifuge model tests in which reverse faults of dip angle 60° (at bedrock level) were initiated through a sand layer, close to shallow foundations. The tests revealed subtle interaction between the fault and the shallow foundation so that the foundation and soil response depend on the foundation loading, position, breadth and flexibility. Heavily loaded rigid foundations appeared best able to deviate fault rupture away from the foundation but this deviation could be associated with significant foundation rotations. However, a lightly loaded foundation was unable to deviate a reverse fault and the fault emerged beneath the foundation. This led to gapping beneath the foundation as well as significant rotations and may cause severe structural distress. As well as providing insight into the mechanisms of behaviour, the data from the tests is used to validate finite element analyses in a separate article.  相似文献   

Original technologies for proven performances for the new LCPC earthquake simulator   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

J. L. Chazelas  S. Escoffier  J. Garnier  L. Thorel  G. Rault 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(4):723-728

The European Quaker project has been a powerful opportunity to accelerate the development of the ability to carry out earthquake simulations at reduced scale in the centrifuge in LCPC—France. This paper summarizes the main original technologies of this simulator. The quality of the checked performances is demonstrated in terms of ability to perform since earthquakes as well as to simulate scaled records of real earthquakes. The consistancy of the results is presented in the time and in the frequency domains.  相似文献   

Building damage in Dujiangyan during Wenchuan Earthquake   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Minzheng Zhang  Yingjie Jin 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(3):263-269

A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage.  相似文献   

南亚(巴基斯坦)地震灾害分布及成因分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

曲国胜  黄建发  李小军  张晓东  宁宝坤  李亦纲 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(1):85-94

通过对南亚地震震害及其成因的分析表明,南亚地震灾害具有以下特点：①南亚地震的发震构造为喜马拉雅前缘弧形逆冲断层,地震地表破裂带发育的巴拉考特镇为此次地震的极震区,大量建筑物倒塌,造成严重的人员伤亡：②建筑物震害呈有规律分布：③地表破裂带和沿河谷两岸以及山坡的滑坡、建筑物没有抗震设防、建筑物结构不合理等是造成损失惨重的主因。  相似文献   

国家地震紧急救援训练基地废墟训练场训练功能设计   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘晶波  刘阳冰  贾群林 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(1):53-60

本文简要介绍了国家地震紧急救援训练基地废墟训练场废墟构筑物A的背景和工程概况,主要从搜索功能训练和救援功能训练两个方面对废墟进行了功能设计：针对废墟构筑物A在训练功能实现过程中存在的问题进行了讨论,并提出了解决方法,为废墟A能更好的满足训练功能的要求提出了建议。  相似文献   

Localised coherent response of the La Molina basin (Lima,Peru) to earthquakes,and future approaches suggested by Parkway basin (New Zealand) experience     

W.R. Bill Stephenson  R.A. Benites  P.N. Davenport 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

Earthquake records from a 1984 temporary seismograph array set up in La Molina, Lima, Peru, are re-analysed. The array comprised eight three-component geophones; seven soil based and one rock based. Values of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) for two small earthquakes peaked at around 1.3 Hz. In one distant earthquake, four of the seven soil-based stations showed a peak at 1.25 Hz in soil-to-rock spectral ratio (SSR), the same dominant frequency observed during an aftershock of a damaging earthquake. Because this frequency is not compatible with the shear wave velocity profile attributed to La Molina, and because the spectral peak is confined to a small ground area, it is concluded that the peak is caused by a localised deposit of soft soil. Because the area associated with the spectral peak includes the area of great damage in 1974, it is concluded that coherent monochromatic behaviour is responsible for the damage.  相似文献   

地下流体长趋势异常变化与强震预测的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆明勇  刘耀炜  范雪芳  曹玲玲  高小其  官致君  张素欣  刘翔  李民  牛安福  丁风和  朱自强  房宗绯  赵丽葵 《地震研究》2009,32(4)

以华北、川滇、青藏东北缘、新疆及邻区等重点地区的地下流体观测点为基础,选择水位、水氡、水温、汞等长期观测资料,进行了历史强震震例的地下流体长趋势资料处理、干扰排除和异常提取的方法和技术的研究,初步建立了分区的强地震地下流体长期预测指标并探讨其异同。  相似文献   

大盈江断裂西南段晚第四纪活动研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

安晓文  常祖峰  石静芳 《地震研究》2009,32(2)

根据断裂地质、地貌特征和卫星影象资料,阐述了大盈江西南段晚第四纪的活动特征和运动方式.结果表明:大盈江西南段主要表现为左旋走滑运动,为晚更新世活动断裂,沿断裂历史上发生过6级左右地震.  相似文献   

3-D inversion of borehole-to-surface electrical data using a back-propagation neural network   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Trong Long Ho   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,68(4):489-499

The “fluid-flow tomography”, an advanced technique for geoelectrical survey based on the conventional mise-à-la-masse measurement, has been developed by Exploration Geophysics Laboratory at the Kyushu University. This technique is proposed to monitor fluid-flow behavior during water injection and production in a geothermal field. However data processing of this technique is very costly. In this light, this paper will discuss the solution to cost reduction by applying a neural network in the data processing. A case study in the Takigami geothermal field in Japan will be used to illustrate this. The achieved neural network in this case study is three-layered and feed-forward. The most successful learning algorithm in this network is the Resilient Propagation (RPROP). Consequently, the study advances the pragmatism of the “fluid-flow tomography” technique which can be widely used for geothermal fields. Accuracy of the solution is then verified by using root mean square (RMS) misfit error as an indicator.  相似文献   

Emergency Seismic Damage Assessment of the M_S8.0 Great Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Remote Sensing Imagery     

Wang Xiaoqing  Wang Long  Wang Yan  Ding Xiang  Zhang Feiyu 《中国地震研究》2009,23(2):134-143

The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen-sating the insufficiency of seismic damage information from ground-based investigations and provide an important basis for emergency command and rescue. The paper introduces the method of emergency seismic damage assessment using remote sensing data and its application to the great Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurring in southwest Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. The practical effectiveness of the method is also evaluated in the paper.  相似文献