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21.
S. Migliari M. van der Klis R. P. Fender 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,345(3):L35-L39
We have produced the colour–colour diagram of all the observations of 4U 1728–34 available in the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer public archive (from 1996 to 2002) and found observations filling in a previously reported 'gap' between the island and the banana X-ray states. We have made timing analysis of these gap observations and found, in one observation, two simultaneous kHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). The timing parameters of these kHz QPOs fit in the overall trend of the source. The 'lower' kHz QPO has a centroid frequency of ∼308 Hz. This is the lowest 'lower' kHz QPO frequency ever observed in 4U 1728–34. The peak frequency separation between the 'upper' and the 'lower' kHz QPO is Δν= 274 ± 11 Hz , significantly smaller than the constant value of Δν∼ 350 Hz found when the 'lower' kHz QPO frequency is between ∼500 and 800 Hz. This is the first indication in this source for a significant decrease of kHz QPO peak separation towards low frequencies. We compare the result briefly to theoretical models for kHz QPO production. 相似文献
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23.
近34 a青藏高原年气温变化 总被引：21，自引：9，他引：21
对高原地区34 a（1971—2004年）82站共13 883 d的逐日日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温资料进行了统计，用REOF方法进行了分区，并讨论了趋势变化，结果表明：①无论年平均气温，还是年平均最高气温和最低气温，以35°N为界的南北变化的区域特征明显。在年平均气温和年最低气温中，西藏地区的累计方差比青海地区大，年最高气温中青海地区的累计方差比西藏地区大。②青藏高原地区年温度的分布主要取决于海拔高度、地理位置和地形的影响，而年温度的标准差与高原地区年降水的分布相似,但趋势相反，标准差大的区域主要在高原的西北部和四川的西南部。③高原大部分地区年平均气温、年最高和最低气温基本上是以增温的趋势为主，高原的西北部地区年平均气温增温幅度最明显，尤其以柴达木盆地增温幅度最大，增加幅度为0.8℃·(10a)-1以上。年最高温度青海的增幅比西藏明显，而年平均最低温度西藏的增幅比青海明显。 相似文献
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重庆市北碚区北温泉景区分布有多处自然出露温泉点,选取其中流量大于2000m3/d的北温泉(BWQ)和水文站(SWZ)两处泉点进行监测,结果显示:泉水水化学类型为SO4-Ca型,pH呈中性,其阳离子主要为Ca2+和Mg2+,阴离子主要为SO42-和HCO3-,阳离子当量变化范围为31.74～40.12 meq/L,阴离子当量变化范围为29.05 ～35.08meq/L.温泉水中δ13CHCO3-的值为-4.84‰ ～-9.73‰,计算得出CO2的δ13CCO2值集中在-11.91‰～-16.81‰之间,其参与水-岩反应的CO2为幔源和土壤混合成因.δ34SSO42-值为30.29‰～32.19‰,与四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组石膏中的δ34SSO2-值(28.3‰ ～ 35.4‰)一致.联系温泉水中阴阳离子含量、δ34SSO42-值与δ13CHCO3-的值认为地表雨水补给进入的是下三叠统嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩地层,发生水-岩反应且水-岩反应主要为石膏的溶解,其次是CO2进入储水层与围岩发生水化学作用生成HCO3-. 相似文献
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摘要：通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、电子背散射、阴极发光等技术手段结合物性资料以及沉积(微)相划分,对研究区沙一二段储集层成岩作用类型及点(薄片)、线(单井)、面(平面展布)成岩相分布及有利储层分布进行了研究。结果表明：研究区沙一二段受同沉积火成岩喷发和水解的影响,广泛发育栉壳状白云石、钾长石钠长石化、石英溶蚀等碱性条件下发生的成岩作用,同时层状分布的火山岩对于下覆地层起到了保护作用,减弱了下覆地层的压实作用;此外,受后期酸性流体的影响,研究区也发育诸如长石、岩屑溶蚀等酸性条件下发生的成岩作用,沙一二段储层发育溶蚀孔,占比达到567%(均值)。采用“(微相)砂体部位+主体成岩现象+孔隙类型”的复合命名方式,对薄片、单井及平面区域进行了成岩相的命名和划分,共划分为三类：水下分流水道砂体侧翼细粉砂岩-菱铁矿胶结-低孔成岩相、三角洲前缘-中细砂岩-欠压实-白云石包壳-溶孔相、火山熔岩远端凝灰质中细砂岩-凝灰质胶结-致密相。欠压实-白云石包壳-溶孔相在测井响应上具有DT低、RD与RS间隔幅度较大、CNCF与RHOZ较为接近或交叉的特点;菱铁矿胶结-低孔成岩相具有DT高、RD与RS较为接近、CNCF与RHOZ间隔幅度较大的特点,测井解释的油层、油水同层与欠压实-白云石包壳-溶孔相具有较好的匹配关系。三角洲前缘-中细砂-欠压实-白云石包壳-溶孔相为有利储层发育区带。 相似文献
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A large part of the work in economic geography and other social sciences surrounding globalization processes has focused on the prospects of economic growth due to the establishment of global production chains and the rise of new clusters of industrial activity. In recent years, much less attention has been paid to former growth industries and regions that have suffered from the negative consequences of internationalization processes. This paper will explore the cases of two chemical regions, i.e. southern Hessen, Germany and Rhône-Alpes, France. Both regions were forced to undergo drastic restructuring since the mid 1990s due to the merger of the chemical groups Hoechst and Rhône-Poulenc into Aventis. The paper argues that it is beneficial to develop a relational perspective of economic action and interaction in order to better understand these regional transformations and restructuring processes and their consequences. Instead of investigating the development of activities, which became the core operations at Aventis, we will focus on other activities that were considered less important and, consequently, split off. In analyzing the logic of restructuring and the associated changes in regional supplier relations, this paper aims to contribute to a relational understanding of economic globalization and its associated threats to regional development by focusing on agents who are subject to negative restructuring consequences. 相似文献
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V.L. Meccia C.G. Simionato M.E. Fiore E.E. D'Onofrio W.C. Dragani 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):327-343
A long term simulation of the barotropic circulation in the Río de la Plata estuary was performed with the aim of identifying the characteristic patterns of sea surface height (SSH) variability from synoptic to inter-annual time scales and their forcing mechanisms. Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HamSOM), forced by tides, monthly mean runoffs and 4-daily 10 m winds and surface atmospheric pressure from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis was run. The solution was analyzed for the period 1965–2004. Inter-annual variability accounts for almost 10% of the variance. The first EOF mode of SSH variability on this time scale is associated with a mean anomaly of approximately 0.25 m at the upper estuary forced by both runoff and winds, which seems to be strongly associated with the ENSO cycles. Other two modes, with periodicities around 2.5 and 10 years were also found. Even though they are linked to weaker SSH anomalies, they are consistent with inter-annual modes of wind variability reported by other authors. Those modes are important, particularly if they act in phase, because they can provide a background for stronger surges. In contrast with the salinity field, SSH variability on seasonal time scales accounts for a very small percentage of variance and it is the combination of an annual and a semi-annual signal forced by winds and runoff, respectively. Approximately 90% of the variance is due to wind driven variability on sub-annual time scales. The most significant SSH anomalies in this band are associated with cyclogenetic events in the atmosphere, occurring either over Uruguay or over the Patagonian Shelf, whereas the strengthening or weakening of the semi-permanent South Atlantic anticyclone displays a relatively smaller influence. In agreement with previous publications, the estuary's spatial patterns in response to short-scale wind variability seem to be determined by wind direction more than by wind speed. 相似文献
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Nikolay P. Nezlin Paul M. DiGiacomo Dario W. Diehl Burton H. Jones Scott C. Johnson Michael J. Mengel Kristen M. Reifel Jonathan A. Warrick Menghua Wang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February–March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5–5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 (“plume”) and S > 33.0 (“ocean”). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between “plume” and “ocean”) were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into “plume” and “ocean” using two criteria: (1) “plume” included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in “plume” exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between “plume” and “ocean” was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color. 相似文献
29.
Mariano Méndez 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,371(4):1925-1938
I study the behaviour of the maximum rms fractional amplitude, r max , and the maximum coherence, Q max , of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in a dozen low-mass X-ray binaries. I find that (i) the maximum rms amplitudes of the lower- and upper-kHz QPOs, r ℓ max and r u max , respectively, decrease more or less exponentially with increasing luminosity of the source; (ii) the maximum coherence of the lower-kHz QPO, Q ℓ max , first increases and then decreases exponentially with luminosity, at a faster rate than both r ℓ max and r u max ; (iii) the maximum coherence of the upper-kHz QPO, Q u max , is more or less independent of luminosity; and (iv) r max and Q max show the opposite behaviour with hardness of the source, consistent with the fact that there is a general anticorrelation between luminosity and spectral hardness in these sources. Both r max and Q max in the sample of sources, and the rms amplitude and coherence of the kHz QPOs in individual sources show a similar behaviour with hardness. This similarity argues against the interpretation that the drop of coherence and rms amplitude of the lower-kHz QPO at high QPO frequencies in individual sources is a signature of the innermost stable circular orbit around a neutron star. I discuss possible interpretations of these results in terms of the modulation mechanisms that may be responsible for the observed variability. 相似文献
30.
New observations are reported of J -band spectra (1.04–1.4 μm) of three Seyfert 2 galaxies, Mkn 34, Mkn 78 and NGC 5929. In each case the spectral range includes the near-infrared lines of [Fe ii ], [P ii ], He i and Paβ. Each Seyfert galaxy has a known radio jet, and we investigate the infrared line ratios of the nuclear and extended regions of each galaxy compared to the radio structure. In Mkn 34 there is a clear indication of an extranuclear region, probably coincident with a shock induced by the radio jet, in which [Fe ii ] is considerably enhanced, although the nuclear emission is almost certainly the result of photoionization by the continuum of the active nucleus. Similar effects in extranuclear regions are seen in the other objects, in the case of Mkn 78 confirming recent studies by Ramos Almeida et al. A possible detection of extranuclear [P ii ] emission suggests, if real, that photoionization by the active nucleus is the dominant line excitation mechanism over the whole source, including the regions coincident with the radio jet. 相似文献