邻近既有隧道的新建大断面隧道施工参数优化分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨永波  刘明贵  张国华  李祺 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1217-1226

结合大帽山隧道Ⅴ级围岩段施工参数优化的试验,通过爆破震动速度、岩体声波波速和围岩内部位移的现场监控量测工作,研究既有隧道旁新建大断面隧道双侧壁导坑法施工时岩体的损伤程度和范围,进而优化导洞的单循环进尺、爆破参数等施工参数。研究表明：推进式往复爆破作业的双侧壁导坑法开挖的隧道必然导致围岩产生一定程度的损伤、破坏,尤其是小净距隧道间的中夹岩岩墙;双侧壁导坑法开挖的大断面隧道,控制岩体的损伤程度和损伤范围是相互矛盾的,通过减少单循环开挖进尺来减少爆破震动速度,只能控制岩体的损伤范围,多次的重复爆破导致损伤岩体的损伤程度更大,极大影响围岩稳定;相反,通过适当加大单循环开挖进尺来控制损伤程度的同时,过大的爆破震动速度导致损伤范围更大,极大影响邻近既有隧道的安全运行。利用现场监测数据,通过在UDEC软件中实现的岩体各向异性爆破损伤模型,计算导洞推进式开挖全过程围岩压力的变化和既有隧道支护结构的状态,综合考虑各种因素,优化得到折中的单循环进尺。  相似文献   

Post-earthquake building damage assessment in Yushu using airborne SAR imagery          下载免费PDF全文

Dingjian Jin  Xiaoqing Wang  Aixia Dou  Yanfang Dong 《地震科学（英文版）》2011,24(5):463-473

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an important role in earthquake emergency response because of its all-time and all-weather imaging capabilities. On April 14, 2010, an MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county, Qinghai province of China, causing a lot of buildings collapsed. In this paper, the building damage in Yushu city due to the earthquake was assessed quantitatively using high-resolution X-band airborne SAR image. The features of the buildings with different damage levels (collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed) in the SAR image were analyzed first. Based on these building features, we interpreted the individual building damage in Yushu city block by block and got the numbers of the collapsed, partial collapsed and non-collapsed buildings separately for each block, referring to pre-earthquake QuickBird image when necessary. Let the damage index of individual collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed building be 1, 0.5, 0 respectively, the remote sensing damage index of each block was then calculated through remote sensing damage index equation. Finally, the preliminary quantitative relationship between the remote sensing damage index interpreted from the SAR image and that interpreted from the optical image was built up. It can be concluded that a desirable damage assessment result can be derived from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery.  相似文献   

大型电气设备瓷套管地震易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨春侠  赵晓宇  揭双全  曾楠  吴艳谋  陈树 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):167-174

通过对电气设备进行增量动力分析(IDA),得出在不同地震波作用下瓷套管根部的应力值,回归分析得出瓷套管应强比(RSS)与地震峰值加速度(PGA)的关系式.以瓷套管应强比作为整体性能指标,进行地震易损性分析,得出瓷套管在不同破坏状态下的应强比值区间,给出瓷套管地震失效概率与地震峰值加速度之间的计算公式,并绘制瓷套管在不同...  相似文献   

Tropical cyclone risk perceptions in Darwin,Australia: a comparison of different residential groups     

Geraldine M. Li 《Natural Hazards》2009,48(3):365-382

Different individuals and groups perceive risk differently. This can significantly affect risk management and mitigation practices and requirements. This paper presents findings from a study of tropical cyclone risk perceptions in the city of Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia. Primary in-depth interview data and other secondary data are analysed, focussing in particular on wind damage, storm surge and life safety risk perceptions of residents since Cyclone Tracy, which impacted in 1974, and perceptions of future climate change as it relates to tropical cyclone risk. The analysis reveals that a number of perceptions prevail. In particular, the study reveals a wide difference of perceptions between short-term residents (Group 1) and long-term and expert residents (Group 2) in relation to wind damage, storm surge and life safety risk. It also reveals a large division between laypersons (Group 3) and expert residents’ (Group 4) perceptions of climate change risk as it relates to tropical cyclone risk. The author recommends that flexible, multiple and integrative management and mitigation approaches are required to deal with such different perceptions and divisions in the resident population.  相似文献   

兴文岩溶区地质灾害的危害与防治     

王慧明  张斌  蹇代君  罗培  王兴贵 《四川地质学报》2009,(Z1):70-74

兴文岩溶区位于兴文县中南部地区,该区拥有丰富的地质旅游资源,在带动地方经济发展上起着不可替代的作用。但复杂的地质背景使得该区的地质灾害呈现出多样性,这不仅会对该区的旅游资源造成不可恢复的损失,而且还会给当地人民的生命财产带来巨大的损失,在一定程度上制约了社会和区域经济的发展。因此,对兴文岩溶区地质灾害的危害进行研究具有十分重要的意义。在分析了该区地质灾害分布和特点的基础上,研究了该区地质灾害的影响因素,并针对其危害提出了可行的防治对策,为兴文地质灾害的防治规划提供参考。  相似文献   

Effects of excitation frequency on detection accuracy of orthogonal wavelet decomposition for structural health monitoring     

RaulJ.Alonso MohammadNoorit SoheilSaadatt ArataMasuda ZhikunHou 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2004,3(1):101-106

Accurate estimation of stiffness loss is a challenging problem in structural health monitoring. In this study orthogonal wavelet decomposition is used for identifying the stiffness loss in a single degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system. The effects of excitation frequency on accuracy of damage detection is investigated. Results show that pseudo-alias effects caused by the orthogonal wavelet decomposition (OWD), affect damage detectability. It is demonstrated that theproposed approach is sunable for damage detection when the excitation frequency is relatively low. This study shows how a priori knowledge about the signal and ability to control the sampling frequency can enhance damage detectability.  相似文献   

汶川地震对建筑结构设计的启示   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王翠坤  杨沈 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(3):230-236

汶川大地震造成了大量房屋建筑的破坏。本文通过对钢筋混凝土结构和砌体结构的震害研究、非结构构件的震害分析以及典型震害进行的调查归类分析,探讨了此次地震对建筑结构抗震设计的启示,总结了经验并给出了以下相关的建议：（1）适当提高抗震设防标准。（2）房屋建筑设计要更好实现“强柱弱梁”机制：改进加强楼梯间设计：进一步研究非结构构件与主体结构的连接。（3）进一步推广隔震技术。  相似文献   

汶川地震框架柱震害的初步分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

夏珊  刘爱文 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(3):237-242

按照框架结构抗震概念设计的要求,结构应具有多道抗震防线,其中一个原则是“强柱弱梁”。但是在汶川地震中,框架结构柱的破坏明显重于梁,柱端与节点的破坏较为突出,即所谓的“强梁弱柱”结构很普遍。在对地震破坏区实地考察的基础上,对框架结构梁柱节点处的破坏以及柱顶、柱脚和柱身的震害进行分类,分析了各种震害的原因,总结了框架结构中框架柱的破坏特点,从期为将来框架柱的抗震设计提供震害经验。  相似文献   

基于TCK损伤本构的岩石爆破效应数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王志亮  郑明新 《岩土力学》2008,29(1):230-234

脆性岩石在爆破载荷下的动态破碎行为是工程技术人员所关心的,采用数值法预估岩体破裂范围和损伤大小对施工安全具有重大意义,其中合理的岩石损伤模型是关键。假设岩体破坏近似服从Mises屈服准则,且考虑到岩体的应变硬化特性,把Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul（TCK）模型中的拉裂损伤演化方程和材料双线性、弹塑性本构耦合到一起,并简洁地嵌入到有限元分析软件LS-DYNA中,通过半无限岩体中柱形药包爆破实例验证了其合理性与准确性。对球形药包爆破问题也进行了数值分析。该损伤模型及其数值模拟在工程中具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

岩石类材料疲劳破坏裂纹扩展分析的数值方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周尚志  党发宁  陈厚群  龙巧玲 《岩土力学》2008,29(3):769-774

在进行岩石类材料疲劳断裂破坏的数值分析时,将损伤力学将裂纹形成与裂纹扩展两个过程有机结合在一起。根据裂纹形成阶段的疲劳曲线（S-N）,描述疲劳发展的损伤演变方程,提出了疲劳裂纹扩展的数值计算方法。建立了扩展阶段中裂纹尺寸与载荷循环次数之间的关系,从而将裂纹萌生与扩展这两个独立过程纳入一个统一的理论体系。该方法与断裂力学结合计算出的疲劳寿命与试验值相吻合。  相似文献