Fatty Acid Composition of Plankton and Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) in Freshwater Ponds     

Ganlin Guo  Shuanglin Dong  Wen Zhao  Wei Chen 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):209-215

The community structure and fatty acid composition of plankton in broodstock ponds were studied at the Bishui Fisheries Company in the Liaoning Province, northeast China, between May and December 2002 and in March 2003. The Fatty acid analysis of bighead carp larvae and plankton in the fry pond occurred during June, July, and September 2002. The fatty acid composition of the plankton varied with seasonal changes in the community structure. When blue‐green algae dominated the broodstock ponds in spring and summer, the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (especially 16:0) was high. When diatoms and cryptophytes dominated in autumn and winter, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (mainly n–3 PUFA) was high. Similarly, a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) occurred in autumn and winter when DHA‐rich copepods became an important group of zooplankton. In addition, environmental factors, especially water temperature, influenced the fatty acid composition of plankton. 16:0, DHA, and 18:1n–9 were dominant fatty acids of bighead carp larvae during ontogeny. 16:0, C18 unsaturated fatty acids, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were major fatty acids of plankton in the fry pond. Analysis of the relationship between the fatty acids of the larvae and those of plankton showed that the fatty acid profiles of the larvae did not always agree with those of plankton.  相似文献   

Identifying individual rain events from pluviograph records: a review with analysis of data from an Australian dryland site   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

David Dunkerley 《水文研究》2008,22(26):5024-5036

Rainfall is routinely reported as falling in ‘events’ or ‘storms’ whose beginning and end are defined by rainless intervals of a nominated duration (minimum inter‐event time, MIT). Rain events commonly exhibit fluctuations in rain rate as well as periods when rain ceases altogether. Event characteristics such as depth, mean rain rate, and the surface runoff volume generated, are defined in relation to the length of the rain event. These derived properties are dependent upon the value of MIT adopted to define the event, and the literature reveals a wide range of MIT criteria. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to this dependency, which limits the inter‐comparison of results in published work. The diversity in criteria also diminishes the usefulness of historical data on event durations, rain rates, etc., in attempts to document changes in the rainfall climate. This paper reviews the range of approaches used in the recognition of rain events, and a 5 year pluviograph record from an arid location is analysed. Changing MIT from 15 min to 24 h (lying within the range of published criteria) alters the number of rain events from 550 to 118. The mean rain rate declines from 2·04 mm h^?1 to 0·94 mm h^?1, and the geometric mean event duration rises from 0·66 h to 3·98 h. This wide variation in the properties of rain events indicates that more attention needs to be paid to the selection and reporting of event criteria in studies that adopt event‐based data analysis. The selection of a MIT criterion is shown to involve a compromise between the independence of widely‐spaced events and their increasingly variable intra‐event characteristics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河某水电站顺层岩质滑坡形成机理与演化过程          下载免费PDF全文

刘高  刘从友  王有林  张帆宇 《地震工程学报》2008,30(3):249-254

黄河上某水电站坝后存在一大型顺层岩质滑坡.钻探、平硐、槽探和现场勘查勘察资料表明该滑坡具有平面分区和剖面分层的显著特征.运用地质环境系统全过程动态演化的观点,采用力学理论、物理模型、数值模拟等方法,分析了滑坡的形成机理和演化机制:该滑坡是在河流冲刷和地震活动等内外综合作用下因层状岩质斜坡岩体层间错动和溃屈基而形成,其演化具有明显时间和空间差异性的多次滑动.在此基础上采用多种极限平衡计算方法综合评价滑坡各区、各级在天然状态下的稳定状态,并结合滑坡所处的地质环境及其演化特征预测滑坡在雾雨、地震以及二者耦合作用下的演化趋势.  相似文献   

降水时空变化对中国南方强酸雨分布的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

谢志清  杜银  曾燕  李亚春  武金岗  焦圣明 《地理学报》2008,63(9):913-923

利用SCIAMACHY、GOME 卫星资料反演的SO₂、NO₂ 柱浓度和中国重点城市SO₂ 排 放量数据分析了中国酸雨前体物时空分布特征, 并结合气象观测资料探讨了在降水分布出现 气候学时空尺度调整的背景下, 降水长期变化对强酸雨分布的影响。结果表明: (1) 中国南方 地区NO₂、SO₂ 排放量相对于降水的冲刷能力而言仍然处于较高的水平, 为强酸雨的形成提 供了充足的污染物条件。(2) 1993-2004 年间, 以1999 年为转折期, 中国南方强酸雨分布形势 经历了一个由强到弱到再次增强的过程。1999 年后, 西南强酸雨区强酸雨城市比例持续下 降, 江南强酸雨区强酸雨城市比例迅速增加, 强酸雨东移扩大趋势明显。(3) 中国南方强酸雨 区的空间分布与1961-2006 年冬夏季降水量线性增减速率超过10 mm/10a 的地区一致。以季 节降水量线性增减速率超过10 mm/10a 为界, 将江南及西南强酸雨区各季节降水量做线性趋 势和突变分析, 发现江南地区冬夏季降水量在1999 年出现增减趋势转换, 与强酸雨城市比例 转折的时间一致。其中, 1991-1999 年江南强酸雨区冬季降水减少, 夏季暴雨显著增加, 有利 于酸雨缓解, 强酸雨范围缩小; 而2000-2006 年, 冬季降水处于偏多时期, 夏季降水却相对 偏少, 强酸雨覆盖范围扩大。西南强酸雨区春秋季降水量在1990 年后持续减少, 导致春秋季 降水占年降水量比例下降, 使得年降水pH 值升高, 强酸雨形势得到缓解。  相似文献   

锡林郭勒盟一次大到暴雨天气过程诊断分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩峰林  李晓坤  郝艳霞  王平  杨倩 《内蒙古气象》2011,(4):3-5

利用常规观测资料和各种物理量场,对2010年5月4日内蒙古锡林郭勒盟(以下简称锡盟)出现的最大范围的大到暴雨天气过程的环流特征及物理量进行分析。结果表明:强烈的上升运动和水汽条件,为大到暴雨天气的产生提供了良好动力和水汽条件;高空冷槽、低层稳定切变、低空急流是此次过程的主要影响系统,高层辐散,低层辐合的配置产生了大范围上升运动,西南涡的维持为锡盟地区建立了充沛的水汽通道,动力抬升、充沛的水汽和长时间维持的低涡是这次降水的主要条件。  相似文献   

立体雷达方法在星载测雨雷达上的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

窦贤康  J.Testud 《气象学报》1999,57(3):358-366

星载测雨雷达的应用,必须满足一些主要条件：高的空间分辨率、宽阔的覆盖范围、大的动态降雨测量范围以及精确的点测量等。由于技术条件的限制,满足这些条件的雷达工作在被雨衰减的频率段,因此必须修正由于衰减所导致的误差。立体雷达方法利用雷达从两个不同角度对雨团的观测来进行衰减效应的订正并实现整个观察区域的雷达反射率因子和比衰减因子场的反演。通过数值实验研究了星载特性的引入造成的不均匀性束内填充效应对立体雷达方法的影响  相似文献   

Mineralogical constraints on the determination of neutralization potential and prediction of acid mine drainage   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

A. D. Paktunc 《Environmental Geology》1999,39(2):103-112

 Acid-base accounting tests, commonly used as a screening tool in acid mine drainage (AMD) predictions, have limitations in (1) measuring with confidence the amount of neutralizers present in samples and (2) affording an interpretation of what the test results mean in terms of predicting the occurrence of acid mine drainage. Aside from the analytical difficulties inherent to the conventional methods, a potential source of error in neutralization potential (NP) measurements is the contribution from the dissolution of non-carbonate minerals. Non-carbonate alkalinity measured during static tests may or may not be available to neutralize acidity produced in the field. In order to assess the value-added of extending the NP with the knowledge of mineralogical composition and evaluate potential sources of errors in NP measurements, a suite of samples were examined and characterized in terms of their mineralogical and chemical compositions. The results indicate that although the acid-base accounting tests work well for simple compositions, the tests may result in overestimation or underestimation of NP values for field samples. Mineralogical constraint diagrams relating NP determinations to Ca, Mg and CO₂ concentrations were developed with the purpose to serve as supplementary guides to conventional static tests in identifying possible NP contributions from non-carbonate minerals and checking the quality of the chemical testing results. Mineralogical NP makes it possible to interpret the meaning of NP results and to assess the behaviour of samples over time by predicting the onset of AMD and calculating NP values for individual size fractions. Received: 1 June 1998 · Accepted: 6 October 1998  相似文献   

包头市暴雨个例分析     

王跃勤  袁国波  王跃红  杨著强  冯琳琳 《内蒙古气象》2011,(5):35-36

通过对一次暴雨天气的环流背景、影响系统和物理量场的分析,得出了几点结论,对同一类型暴雨天气的预报具有一定启示意义。  相似文献   

Relationships Between Rainwater Composition and Synoptic Weather Systems Deduced from Measurement and Analysis of Hong Kong Daily Rainwater Data     

Peter A. Tanner 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(3):219-240

The composition of Hong Kong rainwater has been studied in the context of seven types of prevailing synoptic weather system. These represent different precipitating airmass origins in terms of continental, maritime, local or mixed sources. Replicate sampling was performed on a daily basis from 1994–1995 for both bulk deposition (n = 60) and simultaneous wet deposition (n = 27) collectors. Reliable analytical data were obtained for the concentrations of the soluble components H+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. The acidity of rainwater was found to be greater when Hong Kong was under the influence of an approaching cyclone (type AC), northeasterly monsoon (type NE) or cold front (type CF) than for prevailing easterly anticyclones (type E), southerly/southwesterly monsoon systems (type S), or cyclonic flows (type C). A common characteristic of occasions of acid rain in Hong Kong was the build-up of local pollutants under conditions of low windspeed, as shown by the significant correlation between rainwater pH and lognormal surface windspeed, but not windvector. The acidity of Hong Kong rainwater was thus largely determined by local sources, although the participation of a continental airmass was evident for some systems. The daily bulk deposition flux of H+ on rainy days varied by more than an order of magnitude from type C (0.2 meq m-2 d-1) to types AC, trough (T) and NE (>2 meq m-2 d-1).  相似文献   

Study on Moist Potential Vorticity and Symmetric Instabilityduring a Heavy Rain Event Occurred inthe Jiang-Huai Valleys     

寿绍文  李耀辉 《大气科学进展》1999,(2)

1.IntroductionSubsequenttothe1970s,manynativemeteorologicalresearchersdiscoveredthatmesoaiscalesymmetricinstabilitydisturbanceislikelytoplayanimportantroleintriggeringandorganizingbandedconvectionandresponsibledirectlyformultiplerain--bands.Asahighly...  相似文献