大比例尺数字测图中等高线的绘制     

张启元  郑永虎 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(8):226-227,229

对大比例尺数字测图等高线绘制中经常出现的问题进行了探讨,提出了解决方法,为基层测量人员解决等高线测绘中遇到的常见问题提供借鉴。  相似文献   

A Small War,Gallipoli 1915. He Who is Above Sees All: An Early Use of Aerial Photography in Terrain Analysis     

G. Walters 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):135-141

Abstract

When Lord Kitchener ordered Sir Ian Hamilton in 1915 to command land operations on Gallipoli he gave him a solitary old One Inch map and denied him any air forces. When Winston Churchill had earlier sent the Royal Navy to break through to the Black Sea, he had ensured that the Royal Naval Division withdrawn from fighting on the Western Front was accompanied by a Naval Air Squadron as its forward reconnaissance element. Ernest Dowson, the Surveyor General of Egypt, appointed to provide local mapping support, soon convinced the Naval pilots of the value of air photography taken systematically to meet his map-making requirements. In September 1915 Dowson wrote a Secret technical report demonstrating for the first time to British Commanders the practicality of mapping from specified aeroplane photographs of the operational area.  相似文献   

Interactive Design of 3D Maps with Progressive Projection     

《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):211-221

Abstract

The progressive projection is by origin a manual cartographic technique, traditionally used by panoramic landscape painters; however, it is rarely encountered in digitally created three-dimensional (3D) maps. In this article, the advantages of this specific projection when designing 3D maps are presented, the processes involved in its manual construction, as well as the existing and potential digital implementation approaches, are reviewed. A new algorithmic solution is described, allowing for user-friendly interactive bending of a terrain model into a progressive view, with options to add a curved horizon, to vertically exaggerate the terrain, and to create a 360° strip panorama. The resulting software, Terrain Bender, is freely available for download.  相似文献   

三维GIS技术在断面测量中的应用     

许懿娜  闵世平  缪志修  王玮 《测绘科学》2013,38(4)

本文针对常规基于二维矢量数据和高分辨率影像的断面采集方式在直观性、数据源等方面的不足,引入三维GIS技术,利用相关基础地理数据构建三维地理环境,设计了一套三维地理环境下的断面数据采集技术流程,并在此基础上研制了一个软件平台.实际工程应用显示,该平台不仅可以满足铁路勘测设计应用,还具有可视化、批量化断面采集和检查能力,能够提高断面采集工作效率,减轻内业工作强度.  相似文献   

不同比例尺DEM地形信息容量的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱海金  杨辉  刘欣欣 《测绘科学》2013,38(3)

本文以福建省11个地区作为实验样区,利用Python脚本进行批量提取地形因子,从中选取坡度、粗糙度两个地形因子,并引入信息论中的信息熵、自信息相关理论进行研究。以1∶10 000比例尺DEM提取的地形因子为真值,与1∶50 000比例尺DEM所提取的地形因子信息容量进行对比分析,研究两种比例尺DEM所提取的地形因子引起的信息容量的损失和纠正方法,以及通过线性回归分析寻找两种比例尺DEM的相同地形因子面积定量信息对应的转换公式。  相似文献   

Terrain radiometric calibration of airborne UAVSAR for forested area     

Xiaoguang CHENG  Naiara PINTO  Jianya GONG 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):229-240

In the field of biomass estimation, terrain radiometric calibration of airborne polarimetric SAR data for forested areas is an urgent problem. Illuminated area correction of σ -naught could not completely remove terrain features. Inspired by Small and Shimada, this paper tested gamma-naught on one mountainous forested area using airborne Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar data and found it could remove most terrain features. However, a systematic increasing trend from far range to near range is found in airborne SAR cases. This paper made an attempt to use the relationship between distance to SAR sensor and γ-naught to calibrate γ -naught. Two quantitative evaluation methods are proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that variation of γ -naught can be constrained to a limited extent from near range to far range. Since this method is based on ground range images, it avoids complicated orthorectification.  相似文献   

Evaluation of modified four-component scattering power decomposition method over highly rugged glaciated terrain     

Gulab Singh  Y. Yamaguchi  S.-E. Park  Ram Avtar 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):139-151

In recent years, there has been increased utilization of fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data to study glaciated terrain features for glaciological and climate change modelling. This article is concerned with more accurate results and appropriate analysis of POLSAR data over a highly rugged glaciated area in Himalayan region. For this purpose, the modified Yamaguchi four-component scattering power decomposition (4-CSPD) method with a rotation concept of 3 × 3 coherency matrix [T] about line of sight is evaluated. It has been found that the modified Yamaguchi 4-CSPD method significantly improved the decomposition results as compared with the original 4-CSPD by minimizing the cross-polarized Horizontal-Vertical (HV) components. This modified 4-CSPD leads to enhancement in the double bounce scattering and surface scattering components and also avoids the overestimation problem in the volume scattering component as compared with the original 4-CSPD from the sloped terrain. The significant reductions of the negative power occurrence in the surface scattering (3.9%) and the double bounce scattering (19.7%) components have also been noticed as compared with the original 4-CSPD method over the glaciated area in this part of the Indian Himalaya.  相似文献   

Semantic calibration of digital terrain analysis scale     

Bradley A. Miller 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):166-176

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场地地震动局部地形效应研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭明珠  赵芳  赵凤仙 《震灾防御技术》2013,8(3):311-318

本文对地震动地形效应的影响因素及其规律进行了阐述和分析.主要对局部地形几何形状,入射波的入射角度、频率,震源相对位置及震源深度等因素对地形效应影响的国内外研究现状进行了综述.同时,介绍了地震数值模拟在地震动地形效应研究中的应用,并对进一步研究提出了一些建议.  相似文献   

INTERANNUAL TO INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF THE REGIONALIZED SURFACE CLIMATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND RELATIONSHIPS TO GENERALIZED FLOW PARAMETERS     

Anthony J. Vega  Chung-Hsiung Sui  Ka-Ming Lau 《自然地理学》2013,34(4):271-291

This analysis attempts to discern primary causes of interannual and interdecadal climate variations for precipitation and temperature regions of the conterminous United States. Varimax rotated principal components analysis of annual climate division data is used in the derivation of nine precipitation and five temperature regions. Each region's time series is examined for underlying linear trends, representing long-term climate change, and tests for variance changes, to determine regional climate variability shifts. The first six precipitation components, representing the entire eastern half of the country and the Northwest, displayed significant temporal increases. Of these, four displayed significant increases in interannual variability through time. For temperature, only the Southwestern region showed a significant change (increase) through time. However, significant reductions in temperature variability were confirmed for three regions. To determine the causes of the derived climate shifts, correlation analysis was performed with various atmospheric teleconnection indices. Precipitation trends are most strongly associated with variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) at the interannual time scale while interdecadal variations are associated more with variations in the Pacific/North American (PNA) teleconnection. Both interannual and interdecadal variations of regional temperature are most strongly related to the PNA, except for the Southwest, which showed a significant correlation to the SOI. This suggests that El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are the source for much of the precipitation change evident in the eastern and Northwestern United States and temperature change in the Southwest. [Key words: climate change, precipitation, temperature, El Niño, Southern Oscillation, United States climate.]  相似文献