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71.
Despite the high richness of information content provided by airborne hyperspectral data, detailed urban land-cover mapping is still a challenging task. An important topic in hyperspectral remote sensing is the issue of high dimensionality, which is commonly addressed by dimensionality reduction techniques. While many studies focus on methodological developments in data reduction, less attention is paid to the assessment of the proposed methods in detailed urban hyperspectral land-cover mapping, using state-of-the-art image classification approaches. In this study we evaluate the potential of two unsupervised data reduction techniques, the Autoassociative Neural Network (AANN) and the BandClust method – the first a transformation based approach, the second a feature-selection based approach – for mapping of urban land cover at a high level of thematic detail, using an APEX 288-band hyperspectral dataset. Both methods were tested in combination with four state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers: Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost (ADB), the multiple layer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machines (SVM). When used in combination with a strong learner (MLP, SVM) BandClust produces classification accuracies similar to or higher than obtained with the full dataset, demonstrating the method’s capability of preserving critical spectral information, required for the classifier to successfully distinguish between the 22 urban land-cover classes defined in this study. In the AANN data reduction process, on the other hand, important spectral information seems to be compromised or lost, resulting in lower accuracies for three of the four classifiers tested. Detailed analysis of accuracies at class level confirms the superiority of the SVM/Bandclust combination for accurate urban land-cover mapping using a reduced hyperspectral dataset. This study also demonstrates the potential of the new APEX sensor data for detailed mapping of land cover in spatially and spectrally complex urban areas. 相似文献
72.
The development of robust and accurate methods for automatic registration of optical imagery and 3D LiDAR data continues to be a challenge for a variety of applications in photogrammetry, computer vision and remote sensing. This paper proposes a new approach for the registration of optical imagery with LiDAR data based on the theory of Mutual Information (MI), which exploits the statistical dependency between same- and multi-modal datasets to achieve accurate registration. The MI-based similarity measures quantify dependencies between aerial imagery, and both LiDAR intensity data and 3D point cloud data. The needs for specific physical feature correspondences, which are not always attainable in the registration of imagery with 3D point clouds, are avoided. Current methods for registering 2D imagery to 3D point clouds are first reviewed, after which the mutual MI approach is presented. Particular attention is given to adoption of the Normalised Combined Mutual Information (NCMI) approach as a means to produce a similarity measure that exploits the inherently registered LiDAR intensity and point cloud data so as to improve the robustness of registration between optical imagery and LiDAR data. The effectiveness of local versus global similarity measures is also investigated, as are the transformation models involved in the registration process. An experimental program conducted to evaluate MI-based methods for registering aerial imagery to LiDAR data is reported and the results obtained in two areas with differing terrain and land cover, and with aerial imagery of different resolution and LiDAR data with different point density are discussed. These results demonstrate the potential of the MI and especially the CMI methods for registration of imagery and 3D point clouds, and they highlight the feasibility and robustness of the presented MI-based approach to automated registration of multi-sensor, multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensing data for a wide range of applications. 相似文献
73.
利用LiDAR数据进行电力设施提取与建模可以克服传统工程测量电力巡线工作量大,危险性高,效率低下等缺点,但现有的电力线提取研究主要集中在电力线的分离与提取,并且拟合的精度不高。针对此问题本文提出了一种精度较高的电力线拟合方法。首先,根据电力线两端悬挂、中间自然下垂的特点,求解电力线拟合的最佳几何模型;然后,通过电力线的走向和端点,建立电力线拟合的最佳平面坐标系;最后,采用基于二次多项式限制的最小二乘法拟合电力线,解算出最优参数,生成最终电力线模型。对真实数据的处理和精度评价表明,本文方法不仅能够实现电力线的快速3维重建,而且能够达到较高的拟合精度。 相似文献
74.
为了能更好地理解激光雷达技术工作原理与三维信息采集全过程,规避现有激光雷达技术,尤其是机载激光雷达,在实践教学中受场地限制的不利条件,本文依托于中国矿业大学(北京)沙河校区的航空模拟平台,自主研发了一套基于单线激光雷达与行程测距仪集成的三维激光扫描装备,阐述了该装备集成的数学原理,设计了三维数据采集实践教学方法,并进行了三维数据采集的实践体验与数据质量评价。结果表明,该装备采集三维点云的精度优于99%,可为激光雷达技术的实践教学、创新训练及本科毕业设计等环节提供有效的硬件支撑,并可在仓储方量核算等工程应用方面进行推广。 相似文献
75.
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77.
James C. White David Beamish 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
A recent airborne geophysical survey has provided high resolution estimates of the electrical resistivity of the near-surface and deeper (bedrock) formations found across Anglesey and a portion of the coastal area of North Wales. This single small survey provides new geophysical information on both the complex configuration of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian bedrock units and the shallow near-surface geology and glacial features. 相似文献
78.
分形维数法是分析空间结构分布的一种典型方法,但它对于区分不同的分布形式还存在缺陷。针对这一问题,该文介绍了空隙度指数的定义和树冠空隙度的计算方法;以模拟的树冠点云数据为对象,提出了一种基于三维凸包和三维滑动盒算法的激光雷达(Li DAR)点云数据空隙度分析方法,详尽分析了不同冠型产生的空隙度指数差异;并利用4棵实测的树冠点云数据做检验;最后阐述了空隙度指数在树冠空间异质性分析研究中的作用,并对其应用范围和前景作了展望。结果表明:划分尺度相同时,在一定的尺度范围内,锥型树冠、半球型和半椭球型树冠的差别可以通过空隙度指数曲线有效地区分,实测树冠的结果也体现了空隙度指数对于判断树冠空间结构的有效性。 相似文献
79.
机载激光扫描可获取植被茂密地区的数字地形模型(DTM),但将其用于茂密植被覆盖区地裂缝提取方法的研究还不多见。以湖南冷水江市浪石滩为试验区,基于机载Li DAR的激光点云数据,研究了植被覆盖区地裂缝的提取方法,分析了地裂缝的微地貌特征。首先对离散的三维激光点云数据依次进行基于不规则三角网滤波、高程滤波及回波信息强度滤波提取地面点,以保留完整的微地貌微特征;然后构建不规则三角网,反距离加权内插生成数字高程模型(DEM),提取地裂缝识别参数,同时基于最小曲率对地裂缝进行线性探测,提取地裂缝的长度信息,且利用地裂缝剖面信息分析其微特征,结合识别参数分析地裂缝的稳定性。研究结果表明:利用机载Li DAR点云数据提取的地裂缝识别参数,能够确定地裂缝的位置、坡度坡向、长度和深度信息,有助于判定地裂缝的稳定性;在植被较为茂密、地面点密度稀疏的区域,保留一定的低矮植被所提取到的DEM能更好地保留地裂缝的微地貌特征。 相似文献
80.