Characteristics of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Carbonaceous Aerosols over East Asia： Regional Modeling and Observation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yan HUANG  William L. CHAMEIDES  Qian TAN  Robert E. DICKINSON 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):946-959

The authors present spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols over East Asia using a 3-D coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model, and compare the simulation with the limited aerosol observations over the region. The aerosol module consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon （BC） and organic carbon compounds （OC）, including emission, advections, dry and wet deposition, and chemical production and conversion. The simulated patterns of SO2 are closely tied to its emission rate, with sharp gradients between the highly polluted regions and more rural areas. Chemical conversion （especially in the aqueous phase） and dry deposition remove 60% and 30% of the total SO2 emission, respectively. The SO4^2- shows less horizontal gradient and seasonality than SO2, with wet deposition （60%） and export （27%） being two major sinks. Carbonaceous aerosols are spatially smoother than sulfur species. The aging process transforms more than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophilic components, which are removed by wet deposition （60%） and export （30%）. The simulated spatial and seasonal SO4^2-, BC and OC aerosol concentrations and total aerosol optical depth are generally consistent with the observations in rural areas over East Asia, with lower bias in simulated OC aerosols, likely due to the underestimation of anthropogenic OC emissions and missing treatment of secondary organic carbon. The results suggest that our model is a useful tool for characterizing the anthropogenic aerosol cycle and for assessing its potential climatic and environmental effects in future studies.  相似文献   

黑碳气溶胶对我国区域气候影响的数值模拟   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张靖  银燕 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(6):852-859

利用区域气候模式RegCM3模拟研究了黑碳气溶胶对我国区域气候的影响。以2000年1、4、7、10月为代表,计算分析了黑碳气溶胶的辐射强迫作用、对大气温度和降水的影响及其季节变化特征。模拟结果显示：黑碳气溶胶在大气层顶产生正的辐射强迫,在地表产生负的辐射强迫;黑碳气溶胶的加入使中国大陆地区地面温度发生明显变化,并呈现显著的季节特征,即1月大部分地区的地面温度均有升高;7月北方增温、南方降温;4月和10月地面温度的变化不明显。模拟结果也表明,黑碳气溶胶的排放使我国长江中下游等南方地区夏季降水增加,而北方部分地区降水减少。  相似文献   

Seasonal variations of number size distributions and mass concentrations of atmospheric particles in Beijing   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

YU Jianhu  Benjamin GUINOT  YU Tong  WANG Xin  LIU Wenqing 《大气科学进展》2005,22(3):401-407

Particle number and mass concentrations were measured in Beijing during the winter and summer periods in 2003, together with some other parameters including black carbon (BC) and meteorological conditions. Particle mass concentrations exhibited low seasonality, and the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 in winter was higher than that in summer. Particle number size distribution (PSD) was characterized by four modes and exhibited low seasonality. BC was well correlated with the number and mass concentrations of accumulation and coarse particles, indicating these size particles are related to anthropogenic activities.Particle mass and number concentrations (except ultra-fine and nucleation particles) followed well the trends of 13C concentration for the majority of the day, indicating that most particles were associated with primary emissions. The diurnal number distributions of accumulation and coarse mode particles were characterized by two peaks.  相似文献   

Top-down control of spring surface phytoplankton blooms by microzooplankton in the Central Yellow Sea,China     

《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2013

Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing were studied during the 2007 spring bloom in Central Yellow Sea. The surveyed stations were divided to pre-bloom phase (Chl a concentration less than 2 μg L⁻¹), and bloom phase (Chl a concentration greater than 2 μg L⁻¹). Shipboard dilution incubation experiments were carried out at 19 stations to determine the phytoplankton specific growth rates and the specific grazing rates of microzooplankton on phytoplankton. Diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton community in surface waters at most stations. For microzooplankton, Myrionecta rubra and tintinnids were dominant, and heterotrophic dinoflagellate was also important in the community. Phytoplankton-specific growth rates, with an average of 0.60±0.19 d⁻¹, were higher at pre-bloom stations (average 0.62±0.17 d⁻¹), and lower at the bloom stations (average 0.59±0.21 d⁻¹), but the difference of growth rates between bloom and pre-bloom stations was not statistically significant (t test, p=0.77). The phytoplankton mortality rate by microzooplankton grazing averaged 0.41±0.23 d⁻¹ at pre-bloom stations, and 0.58±0.31 d⁻¹ during the blooms. In contrast to the growth rates, the statistic difference of grazing rates between bloom and pre-bloom stations was significant (after removal of outliers, t test, p=0.04), indicating the importance of the top-down control in the phytoplankton bloom processes. Average potential grazing efficiency on primary productivity was 66% at pre-bloom stations and 98% at bloom stations, respectively. Based on our results, the biomass maximum phase (bloom phase) was not the maximum growth rate phase. Both phytoplankton specific growth rate and net growth rate were higher in the pre-bloom phase than during the bloom phase. Microzooplankton grazing mortality rate was positively correlated with phytoplankton growth rate during both phases, but growth and grazing were highly coupled during the booming phase. There was no correlation between phytoplankton growth rate and cell size during the blooms, but they were positive correlated during the pre-bloom phase. Our results indicate that microzooplankton grazing is an important process controlling the growth of phytoplankton in spring bloom period in the Central Yellow Sea, particularly in the “blooming” phase.  相似文献   

民勤“2010.4.24”黑风天气过程的稳定度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

钱莉  薛生梁  杨永龙  郭小芹 《干旱区地理》2012,35(3):408-414

 2010年4月24日民勤出现黑风天气,给当地经济和社会造成严重影响。利用民勤黑风发生前后2010年4月24日08时~25日08时的探空观测资料,对大气不稳定能量、热力参数“V—3θ”和动力参数“相对风暴水平螺旋度”进行了计算分析。结果表明：黑风发生时,民勤近地面存在正不稳定能量,促使黑风在近地面层爆发性发展,使沙尘粒子在正不稳定能量区聚积,形成黑风墙。民勤黑风爆发前和爆发时大气温湿结构呈现出上湿下干的分布特征,低层湿度较小不利于降水产生,为沙尘扬起提供了较好的垂直方向的环境场条件;黑风爆发前大气层结500 hPa以下风场的垂直分布形成顺时针滚流,为对流性不稳定层结,气层有利于黑风生成和发展;黑风过境后,风场的垂直分布顺时针滚流下降至700 hPa以下,说明大气层结的对流不稳定层结变薄、减弱,700～500 hPa存在逆时针滚流,抑制上升运动,预示黑风将减弱。黑风爆发期间在河西走廊中部存在一个相对风暴水平螺旋度负值中心,中心值达到-870 m2 /s2,远小于强沙尘暴发生的临界值-600 m2 /s2,沙尘暴的强度与相对风暴水平螺旋度负值中心存在很好的对应关系。当民勤测站的相对风暴水平螺旋度＜0,其上游存在≤-600 m2 /s2的最小中心时,民勤测站将出现强沙尘暴;当民勤测站的螺旋度＜0,其上游存在正值中心时,下游存在负值中心时,民勤测站的沙尘暴结束,能见度好转。  相似文献   

东北典型黑土区40年来沟蚀空间格局变化及地形分异规律   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王文娟  邓荣鑫  张树文 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(3):68-71

以SPOT5和Corona影像为基础数据源,获取了东北典型黑土区1965年和2005年的侵蚀沟分布数据,生成了侵蚀沟密度空间分布图;基于1∶5万地形图,插值求取DEM,提取了地形因子;最后,在GIS空间分析模块支持下,分析典型黑土区40年来沟蚀空间格局变化及其地形分异规律。结果表明,经过40年的开发,研究区侵蚀沟密度剧增,且各等级侵蚀沟密度都出现向更高一级发展的趋势,呈现出以北西南东向为轴心,从沟蚀剧烈增加区到微度增加区变化特征;沟蚀在垂直方向上具有层状分布规律,在海拔250～275m高度出现密度最大值,说明岗坡地带是黑土区沟蚀易发区;坡度分异表明黑土区侵蚀沟出现向高坡度发展趋势;各坡向上侵蚀沟密度和动态发展状况表明,在东北典型黑土区坡向不是影响侵蚀沟发育的首要因子。  相似文献   

2006年北京春季气溶胶吸收系的分离研究     

潘小乐  颜鹏  汤洁 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(Z1)

A statistic regression approach was used to estimate the wavelength exponents of black carbon(BC)and dust particles,and further to separate the contributions of the two types of aerosols to the total light absorption coefficient measured in the Beijing urban area in the spring of 2006.The results show that the wavelength exponent(α)of black carbon aerosol at urban site was approximately-0.92.which is in agreement with the value of-0.8±0.2 reported in related studies.The decoupling analysis of the measured light absorption coefficients during the three floating dust periods(March 25,March 27,and April 9)demonstrates that,on average,the light absorption caused by dust particles took up about 32.8% of the total light absorption at 520 nm wavelength,and by black aerosol more than 60%.This indicates that the black carbon was still the major contributor to the total aerosol light absorption in Beijing urban area even during the floating dust periods.  相似文献   

安徽石台地区下寒武统黑色岩系微量元素地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐晓春  熊亚平  谢巧勤  王文俊  房海波  赵丽丽 《安徽地质》2009,19(1):21-26

黑色岩系成因复杂,且与多金属元素成矿密切相关。对安徽石台地区下寒武统黑色岩系微量元素地球化学研究表明,其富集Ag、V、U、Mo、As、Sb等多种金属元素。且在这套黑色岩系地层剖面中,其中部碳质页岩的金属元素富集程度比其它岩性的富集程度明显偏高。微量元素组成及相关元素比值显示这套黑色岩系形成于海相热水沉积作用,代表了一种非正常海水沉积。沉积环境由早期缺氧的还原环境逐渐向后期的半还原-氧化环境演化,反映早寒武世安徽下扬子海由海侵向海退的逐渐过渡。  相似文献   

内标校正-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定磷矿石中的磷   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何海洋  董学林  于晓琪  任小荣  曾慧美 《岩矿测试》2017,36(2):117-123

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)可以同时测定磷矿石中的主、次量元素,但在实际测量过程中,仪器的漂移以及基体效应引起的分析误差不容忽视。本文以碲为内标,对高含量磷的测定进行校正,可以有效降低由仪器漂移以及基体效应引起的分析误差,12次平行测定磷的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%,与未经校正的RSD值(4.1%)相比,显著提高了分析精度,极大地降低了仪器波动对测定结果的影响,因此获得了更低的方法检出限(0.0044%)。实验还对比了王水溶样与盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(四酸)溶样两种样品前处理方法对磷矿石分析的影响,结果表明:以王水对磷矿石标准物质进行快速溶解,磷、钙、铁、镁、锰等元素的测定结果与标准值间的相对误差范围为-6.7%~1.6%,满足日常测定要求;而钾、钠、铝是否能够完全溶出与样品的矿物组成及氟含量存在联系,若需要分析钾、钠、铝等元素,如果样品中的硅酸盐矿物组成不多,氟含量较高时可以考虑采用王水溶解;四酸可以完全溶解样品,适合于磷、钙、铁、镁、铝、钾、钠、锰、锶等元素的同时测定。  相似文献   

The Trace Element Distribution Patterns of Ediacaran-Early Cambrian Black Shales and the Origin of Selenium in the Guangning Area, Western Guangdong Province, South China     

TIAN Xinglei  LUO Kunli  Andrew V. ZUZA 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(6):1978-1991

The Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales are widespread across the South China Craton (Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks). However, the trace element distribution patterns of the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales in the Cathaysia Block are still unclear. In this study, thirty-four black shale samples in the Lechangxia Group (Ediacaran) and thirteen black shale samples in the lower Bacun Group (early Cambrian) from Guangning area, western Guangdong Province, South China, were analyzed for major and trace elements concentrations. Compared to the upper continental crust, the Ediacaran black shales exhibit strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As with enrichment factor values (EF) higher than 10, significantly enriched Bi and Rb (10>EF>5), weakly enriched Mo, Ba, Cs, V, In, Be, Tl, and Th (5>EF>2), normal U, Cr, Cd, Sc, Pb, Cu, and Li (2>EF>0.5), and depleted Ni, Zn, Sr, and Co. Early Cambrian black shales display strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As, significantly enriched Ba, Bi, and Rb, weakly enriched Mo, Cs, Cd, V, U, Be, In, and Tl, normal Sc, Th, Cr, Li, Cu, Ni, and Pb and depleted Co, Zn, and Sr. Moreover, Se is the most enriched trace element in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales: concentrations vary from 0.25 to 30.09 ppm and 0.54 to 5.01 ppm, and averaging 4.84 and 1.72 ppm, with average EF values of 96.87 and 34.32, for the Ediacaran and early Cambrian shales respectively. The average concentration of Se in the Ediacaran black shales is 2.8 times higher than that of early Cambrian black shales. Se contents in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales exhibit significant variation (P = 0.03). Provenance analysis showed that Se contents of both the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales were without detrital provenance and volcanoclastic sources, but of hydrothermal origin. The deep sources of Se and the presence of pyrite may explain the higher Se contents in the Ediacaran black shales. Similar with the Se-rich characteristics of the contemporaneous black shales in the south Qingling Mountain and Yangtze block, the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales in Guangning area, Cathaysia, are also enriched in Se, which may provide a clue for looking for the selenium-rich resources in western Guangdong Province.  相似文献