天体,地球,生物的一种自相似律——对数螺线   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

彭玉鲸 《吉林地质》1999,18(3):1-10

自相似是指自然和社会现象中,部分与整体之间,广泛存在着的放大对称（ｄｉｌａｔａ－ｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙ）它们不仅在形态上,时空关系上,而且在信息,功能和能量等各个方面都表出的自相似特征,天体中,从众多的硕大的旋状星云,到坠落于地球上的微波的陨砂,陨尘,普遍存在着螺旋状的结构形态。地球上从变形矿物的包体至巨型的旋涡状构造,从岩石圈表层,直至外地核的深处,也都能发现螺旋形结构的存在,生物世界人植物  相似文献   

Constructed Wetlands: Perspectives of the Oxygen Released in the Rhizosphere of Macrophytes     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(1)

  相似文献   

武汉月湖水生植被重建过程中浮游植物的动态变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邓平  马建敏  吴晓辉  高云霓  成水平  贺锋  吴振斌 《湖泊科学》2007,19(5):552-557

2004年12月-2005年5月武汉市月湖水生植被重建过程中,对浮游植物进行逐月调查.结果表明,在营养盐浓度较高的条件下,浮游植物仍保持较低的生物量和密度,浮游植物的生长与温度保持一定的相关性,但与湖水营养盐浓度并不存在相关关系.菹草和伊乐藻能使水体的透明度保持较高的状态.浮游植物主要由隐藻和硅藻组成,能形成水华的一些常见种类并未随温度升高而出现,可能与这两种沉水植物的存在改变了浮游植物的群落结构有关.因此,在水温较低的冬季和春季进行水生植被重建是富营养化湖泊治理的有效途径.  相似文献   

考虑生活史的太湖沉水植物优势种遥感监测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王琪  周兴东  罗菊花  陈冲 《湖泊科学》2015,27(5):953-961

水生植物是浅水湖泊的重要类群,也是湖泊环境变化的指示物,快速监测水生植物的时空分布对湖泊生态修复和管理具有重要的指导意义.基于多时相环境星影像,构建太湖水生植物分类决策树模型,将太湖水生植物分成挺水、浮叶和沉水植物3种类别,结合沉水植物优势种生活史特征,提出了一种考虑生活史信息的太湖沉水植物优势种遥感监测方法,并对太湖7大沉水植物优势种进行时空监测.通过2013年7、8和9月野外调查样点验证,3期遥感影像分类后总的精度分别为83.04%、81.82%和85.47%,2013年太湖沉水植物优势种总体识别精度为62.20%.提出的水生植物遥感分类及沉水植物优势种识别方法为太湖管理部门开展水草打捞和生态修复提供依据和参考,同时为研究太湖沉水植物的历史变迁奠定基础.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖水文过程对湿地生物的节制作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谭胤静  于一尊  丁建南  谭晦如 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):997-1003

从实测水文数据出发,研究2009-2013年近5年各年水位过程变化,归纳年内、年际水位变化的特征和类型,在此基础上分析各年水温、水体透明度及水深梯度的变化过程.结合"鄱阳湖科学考察项目"对生物资源及其动态变化的考察成果,重点探索2009、2010、2011年3个典型年鄱阳湖湿地生物繁殖、生长、成熟或死亡过程与各水文要素变化过程耦合时的联动关系.结果表明,4-6月涨水过程,沉水植物经历淹水深度1.5~2.0 m、水体透明度低于20~30 cm后,大部分死亡;3-6月和6-9月水位过程偏低,导致定居性鱼类产卵场和索饵场范围缩小;10-12月水位偏高或偏低影响冬候鸟入迁或栖息等.研究初步揭示鄱阳湖水文节律对鄱阳湖湿地生物生长、生存的节制作用,从一定意义上反映了鄱阳湖生态水文过程.  相似文献   

Freshwater lichens and habitat zonation of mountain streams     

《Limnologica》2017

Freshwater lichens of selected Carpathian streams were investigated to identify their diversity and distribution patterns. Lichens were investigated along six transects, each running across three different habitats (hydrological zones: submerged, splash and riparian), established in upper, middle and lower reaches of the streams and the data were a subject to statistical analyses. The studied mountain streams provided suitable habitats for a number of aquatic and semi-aquatic lichens and species richness in both streams was very similar. Overall, 52 species of lichens were identified from all sampling plots (γ diversity). Species number for a single plot (α diversity) ranged from 1 to 14 species and differences in species composition between the plots (β diversity) were high. Differences were mainly noted for typical terrestrial lichens occurring in riparian zones. The location along the stream reaches did not have a significant effect on species diversity and distribution. The hydrological zone appeared to be the most important predictor explaining the small-scale occurrence and diversity of lichens with species assembled into distinct, low-diversity communities in the transition from submerged to riparian habitats. The distinction among hydrological zones and their lichen biota were corroborated by nMDS analyses. The method of defined plots provides a way of recording baseline data for a particular river, which can be repeated (monitor) in the future.  相似文献   

A unique way of passive dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by wind: Chironomid larvae are traveling in fragments of aquatic mosses     

《Limnologica》2017

Wind mediated dispersal of bryophytes is well documented, however, aerial transport of macroinvertebrates attached to moss has not been observed yet. Here, we provide the first evidence of wind mediated transport of aquatic insects (chironomid larvae) inside moss tufts. We also discuss the importance of this dispersal mechanism for colonization of new habitats in regions with high amount of mosses and strong wind activity, such as arctic and alpine regions.  相似文献   

从生物力学角度诠释富营养化引发的水生植物衰退机理     

祝国荣  张萌  王芳侠  高阳  曹特  倪乐意 《湖泊科学》2017,29(5):1029-1042

水体富营养化诱发的水生植物衰退机理已成为近年来水域生态学领域的研究热点.本文系统阐明了目前有关水生植物生物力学性能及其对水体富营养化的响应和其在该进程中水生植物衰退过程中的作用等研究进展.现有研究表明水生植物生物力学性能主要包括茎/叶/叶柄的抗拉性能(挺水植物为茎/叶柄的抗弯性能)和根的锚定性能;受水体富营养化主要环境变量(富营养底泥、水体高浓度氮磷和可利用光缺乏)的显著影响且具种间差异;还与生长、形态、生物量分配、组织结构、代谢等其他受水体富营养化显著影响的指标密切相关,且在应对水体富营养化时与生物力学间具有一定的协同作用;此外,生物力学性能受损不仅阻断植株的"生命进程",还严重削弱断枝后植株的资源获取能力和断枝的扩散定植能力,极大降低其适合度.根据野外调查和现有研究结果,生物力学性能的改变的确在富营养化水体水生植物衰退进程中起到关键作用.生态系统是多因子共同作用的综合系统,但目前的水生植物生物力学性能研究主要集中在水体富营养化的3大特征因子,亟需进一步深入系统开展随水体富营养化而改变的溶解氧、藻毒素、食草动物等其他因子的影响研究,以便更加全面真实地诠释水体富营养化造成水生植被衰退的生物力学机理.  相似文献   

雷州半岛东部近海浮标大型固着生物污损特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩帅帅  曹文浩  严涛  谢恩义  林岳光  程志强  林明晴 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):851-857

对布设在雷州半岛东部距岸约30—42km、浸海时间约24个月的3个近海浮标进行了大型固着污损生物分析研究。结果表明,污损浮标的大型固着生物共35种,优势种以侧花海葵(Anthopleura spp.)、变化短齿蛤(Brachidontes variabilis)、网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulatus)为主,其次为翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、刺巨藤壶(Megabalanus volcano)和钟巨藤壶(M.tintinnabulum tintinnabulum)。3个近海浮标均被固着生物严重污损,生物附着量变化范围为3994.20—8641.72g/m2,浮标各部位组间差异不显著。物种多样性指数介于1.49—2.99,丰富度指数1.34—2.68,均匀度指数0.38—0.64。在离岸距离约42km的1号浮标,固着生物种类组成已表现出外海性特点,有少量有柄蔓足类出现,而离岸距离分别约35km和30km的4号浮标和7号浮标,污损浮标的大型固着生物仍为沿岸性种类。离岸距离、采样季节、采样深度、光照强度、海流状况和水域的开阔与封闭程度可能是影响固着生物群落组成的因素。  相似文献   

Evaluating the influences of harvesting activity and eutrophication on loss of aquatic vegetations in Taihu Lake,China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

A rapid degradation of aquatic vegetations in Taihu Lake has roused a wide attention in recent years. Giving large-scale harvesting activity on aquatic vegetation since 2012, whether water eutrophication or the human harvest activity induced the degradation remains controversial and unclear. In this study, based on Landsat and HJ-CCD data acquired from 1984 to 2016 and a 12-year field observation (2005–2016) of water quality, a method was proposed to quantitatively assess impacts of harvesting activity and water quality change on degradations of both floating-leaved aquatic vegetation (FAV) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Taihu Lake. First, areas of FAV and SAV covers from 1984 to 2016 in Taihu Lake were mapped using the satellite data, and then the mapped areas were modified to those on a reference date by using phenological curves of FAV and SAV covers. Next, correlations between water quality data and FAV and SAV covers were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis based on the data before implementing the human harvesting activity (i.e., before 2012), and multiple general linear models were established based on the selected water quality variables with p-value <0.01 for estimating covers of FAV and SAV from 2012 to 2016. Finally, based on the predicted areas of FAV and SAV covers by the models and the modified areas mapped from satellite data, the influences of water eutrophication and the human harvesting activity on the degradation of FAV and SAV covers were quantitatively assessed. The results indicated that (1) FAV cover exhibited a significant increase from 1984 to 2011 and then a rapid decrease, while SAV cover increased significantly before 2003 and then obviously declined; (2) water level (WL) and total nitrogen (TN) showed significantly negative correlations with FAV and SAV covers, while secchi disk depth (SDD) and SDD/WL had significantly positive correlations with FAV and SAV covers; (3) the human harvesting activity made a major contribution to the loss of FAV cover, and the degradation of SAV cover was mainly due to an increased lake eutrophication and deteriorated underwater light environment. The findings derived from this study could offer a guidance for Taihu Lake ecological restoration and effective management.  相似文献