澳大利亚伊尔岗克拉通科马提岩型镍矿成矿作用及找矿方法     

关志红  项红莉  朱意萍  高卫华  郭维民 《中国区域地质》2014,(2):238-246

澳大利亚西部伊尔岗克拉通卡尔古利地体是世界上太古宙与科马提岩有关的硫化物镍矿床最为集中的地区。该区科马提岩型硫化镍矿床主要有两大类型：①由高品位的块状、海面陨铁状和网状矿石组成,赋存于科马提岩熔岩流（主要为火山橄榄岩）底部,以卡姆巴尔达矿床为代表;②以低品位的浸染状镍硫化物矿石为主,赋存于厚层纯橄榄岩的中部,以芒特基斯为代表。与镍成矿有关的科马提岩形成于晚太古代（2．70Ga）,具铝不亏损（Al2O3／TiO2=15～25）地球化学特征,一般形成于具含硫围岩的动态高岩浆流环境。伊尔岗克拉通科马提岩型镍硫化物矿床形成于经历岩浆作用（结晶、分异和浓集）和地壳硫混染作用的硫不饱和镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆的熔岩通道或管道中。在矿床成因讨论的基础上,提出该类型矿床的找矿标志和勘查方法。  相似文献   

Four new species of the lanternfish genus Diaphus (Myctophidae) from the Indo‐Pacific     

Basil G. Nafpaktitis  Don A. Robertson  John R. Paxton 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):335-344

Four new species of the genus Diaphus are described. Three of these are in the subgeneric group with a suborbital luminous organ and are members of the D. fulgens species group with a raised AOa₁ photophore. D. impostor sp. nov. from the Indo‐West Pacific is most similar to D. aliciae, differing in lower gill raker count and smaller size. D. wisneri sp. nov. from north of Hawaii and south Pacific lacks a luminous scale at the PLO and has a lower gill raker count than similar species. D. kora sp. nov. from north‐east of New Zealand has a large luminous scale at the PLO, and a longer Vn and lower gill raker counts than similar species. D. kapalae sp. nov. from the south‐western Pacific is most similar to D. splendidus and D. antonbruuni, from which it differs by the presence of an Ant, higher gill raker counts, and position of the VLO photophore.  相似文献   

New records and invasive potential of the poeciliid fish Phalloceros caudimaculatus     

J. J. L. Rowley  T. S. Rayner  G. H. Pyke 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1013-1022

Many species from the family Poeciliidae have been transported around the world by the aquarium trade, often establishing populations in areas far outside their natural range. The one‐spot livebearer, Phalloceros caudimaculatus is one such poeciliid species. In March 2002, a nonindigenous population of P. caudimaculatus was discovered at Collaroy, in the Sydney metropolitan area, the first record of this species in eastern Australia. Following this discovery, electrofishing and light‐trap surveys were conducted at the site, and dip‐netting and visual surveys were conducted in surrounding water bodies. P. caudimaculatus was widespread and abundant at the Collaroy site, but no further populations were discovered. Another pest poeciliid species, Gambusia holbrooki, originally present at the site, was absent and, although the mechanism remains unclear, may have been displaced by P. caudimaculatus. Both P. caudimaculatus and G. holbrooki share the characteristics of successful invasive species, with extremely broad physical tolerances and high reproductive outputs. Given the well‐documented negative ecological effects of poeciliids, especially G. holbrooki, we recommend that a precautionary approach should be adopted for the management of P. caudimaculatus and its eradication from the site be attempted.  相似文献   

Criteria for the recognition of acid-precipitated halite     

ELLIOT A. JAGNIECKI  KATHLEEN C. BENISON 《Sedimentology》2010,57(1):273-292

Modern acid and neutral saline lakes in Western Australia are an excellent natural laboratory for testing how pH affects halite, and for developing criteria for distinguishing past acid saline waters from past neutral saline waters in the rock record. This study characterizes and compares physical, chemical and biological features in halite precipitated from acid (pH 1·7 to 4·2) and neutral (pH 6·8 to 7·3) saline lakes in southern Western Australia. Supplemental data include synthetic halite grown from acid and neutral saline solutions, as well as halite deposited in Permian acid lakes. Although physical processes of halite growth are not affected by pH, there are differences in the colour, accessory minerals, fluid inclusions and microfossils between acid and neutral halites. Acid lake halite commonly is yellow or orange in colour; neutral lake halites examined in this study are always snow white. Acid halites tend to contain abundant sulphate and iron oxide minerals, both as solid inclusions and as solids within fluid inclusions; neutral halites contain little, if any, sulphates and no iron oxides. Acid fluid inclusion freezing/melting behaviours include characteristics that differ from neutral fluid inclusion behaviours, such as lower eutectic temperatures, higher and wider temperature range of hydrohalite rims with a definable fuzzy border and more complex metastable phases. Acid halite contains 'hairy blobs', clusters of bacterial/archaeal/fungal remains and sulphate crystals, which are not found in halite from neutral lakes. This distinct assemblage of features characteristic of modern acid lake halites may serve as informal criteria for the recognition of past acid lake evaporites in the rock record.  相似文献   

澳大利亚煤层气开发工艺技术     

赵兴龙  汤达祯  陶树  陈贞龙  吕玉民  蔡佳丽 《中国煤炭地质》2010,(9):26-31

参考当前国内外在煤层气开发方面的相关研究成果,对澳大利亚现今主要的煤层气开发工艺技术,包括钻采工艺技术和煤层气开采技术进行了重点重点调研,以期能够给予我国煤层气产业发展起到启示作用。研究表明:澳大利亚目前最主要的钻井类型是中等半径钻井,普遍运用欠平衡钻井工艺,其煤层气开采技术因地制宜,采用有针对性的工艺方法。对于与我国煤层气地质条件相似的区域,其煤层气开发技术值得我们借鉴。  相似文献